Level 1, Module 3, Lesson 9 Grammar notes

1. ぶんぽう： レッスン9
Grammar: Lesson 9

2. Some more adverbs to add to your collection!
MORE GENERAL TIME ADVERBS

3. More General Time Adverbs
• Remember from Lesson 8 that words that describe the general time, when
used as adverbs, do not require a particle after them.
• Here are some more general time words:
– For Example:
• あささかなをたべます。
• I eat fish in the morning.
• いまおんがくをききます。
• I will listen to music now.
いまNow
まえBefore
あさMorning
おひるDaytime/afternoo
n
ばんEvening/night

4. In this lesson, you’ll learn a new way to use に、the ending ね, another
new particle で, and we’ll review the function of を.
jyoshi
じょし
PARTICLES

5. に“for” an occasion
• The particle にcan be used to describe what you do “for” an occasion. The
occasion can really be anything, breakfast, Saturday, Thanksgiving,
whatever!
• にis used after the occasion or event in the sentence.
– For example:
• わたしはきょうあさごはんにごはんをたべます。
• I will eat rice for breakfast today.
• だいちさんはあしたばんごはんにすしをたべます。
• Daichi will eat sushi for dinner tomorrow.
• あねはきょうおひるごはんにべんとうをたべます。
• My older sister will eat a box lunch for lunch today.

6. で- Where The Action Is!
• The particleでindicates the location where an action (a verb) occurs. It
can translate to at or in a place.
• でwill be placed after the name of the place that your verb happens at.
– For example:
• うちでばんごはんをたべます。
• I will eat dinner at home.
• わたしとともだちはカファテリアでべんとうをたべます。
• My friend and I will eat a box lunch at the cafeteria.
• だいちさんはがっこうでおみずをのみます。
• Daichi will drink water at school.

7. ね- isn’t it /doesn’t it /don’t you think
so?
• ねis a commonly heard sentence ending. You may have heard it if you’ve
ever watched a Japanese TV show, movie, or anime.
• ねis used at the end of a sentence when the speaker is seeking
agreement or confirmation from the listener.
– It’s similar to how in English we use rhetorical questions like: “doesn’t
it?” “isn’t it?” or “don’t you think so?”
• For example:
– おいしそうですね。
– It looks delicious, doesn’t it?
– あめですね。
– It’s raining, isn’t it?

8. を+ Verb (Review)
• Refer to your lesson 8 for more notes on を+ verb
• The verbs that are being used in conjunction with をin this lesson are:
– たべます(eat) and
– のみます(drink)
• For example:
– おとうとはあさごはんをたべます。
– My younger brother will eat breakfast.
– はははジュースをのみます。
– My mother will drink juice.
– わたしはごはんとやさいをたべます。
– I eat rice and vegetables.

9. In this lesson, we will learn the affirmative and negative forms of the
present/future and past tenses.
The next slide is a handy table of the verbs and how they conjugate.
CONJUGATING VERBS:
PRESENT AND PAST TENSES

10. Conjugating Verbs: Present and Past Tenses
Dictionary
(Plain) Form
Affirmative
Present/Future
Negative
Present/Future
Affirmative
Past
Negative Past
たべる
To eat
たべます
Eat
たべません
Do not eat
たべました
Ate
たべませんでした
Did not eat
のむ
To drink
のみます
Drink
のみません
Do not drink
のみました
Drank
のみませんでした
Did not drink
きく
To listen/hear
ききます
Listen
ききません
Do not listen
ききました
Listened
ききませんでした
Did not listen
かえる
To return (to)
かえります
Return
かえりません
Do not return
かえりました
Returned
かえりませんでした
Did not return
やすむ
To rest/take
the day off
やすみます
Rest
やすみません
Do not rest
やすみました
Rested
やすみませんでした
Did not rest
する
To do/play
します
Do
しません
Do not do
しました
Did
しませんでした
Did not do

11. Conjugating Verbs: Present and Past Tenses
Here are some examples of using the different tenses:
– さくらさんはきのうジュスをのみました。
– Sakura san drank juice yesterday.
– ちちはきのうばんごはんにすしをたべませんでした。
– My father did not eat sushi for dinner yesterday。
Make sure that your time matches up with your verb tense!
Here’s What NOT to do:
ともだちはあしたおひるごはんにべんとうをたべました。
My friend ate box lunch for lunch tomorrow.
The sentence above obviously does not make sense,
because you can not “ate” something (in the past) tomorrow!
Make sure you have the correct tenses in
order for your sentences to make sense.

12. nanimo tabemasendeshita
なにもたべませんでした。
I DIDN’T EAT ANYTHING

13. なにもたべませんでした。
I didn’t eat anything.
To express that you didn’t (verb) anything, you’ll need to use the pattern: なにも+
negative verb.
• なにもis translates to nothing or not anything.
• It is used only with the negative or past negative form of the verb.
– For example:
• あにはきのうなにもたべませんでした。
• My older brother did not eat anything yesterday.
• だいちはきょうなにもしません。
• Daichi will not do anything today.
Remember: なにもmust be only be paired with a negative verb form.

14. おわり
This is the end of the Grammar Notes for
this lesson.
You can print these notes for your reference
using the link above this slideshow.