1.Mutualistic behaviors
a. are common in nature when animals work together.
b. are rare because “slacking” is often profitable for individuals, not groups.
c. involve only kin and never unrelated individuals.
d. are profitable for the actor but not the recipient.
2.The coefficient of relatedness (r) is a measure of
a. each individual’s fitness benefits.
b. the probability that two individuals acquire the same allele through descent from a common
ancestor.
c. the probability that two randomly chosen individuals share an allele.
d. sibling relatedness.
3.Altruistic behavior is more likely
a. among kin than among nonkin.
b. among nonkin than among kin.
c. among kin than among nonkin, but only when kin and nonkin have the opportunity to
interact.
d. among nonkin than among kin, but only when nonkin interact with each other more than kin
do.
4.The key to the evolution of altruism is that
a. recipients have to be more likely to carry the altruistic allele than nonrecipients.
b. actors have to be more likely to carry the altruistic allele than nonactors.
c. recipients have to be unrelated to the actors.
d. nonrecipients have to be more likely to carry the altruistic allele than recipients.
5.Kin selection combined with females remaining in their natal group, in many primate species,
has led to
a. mutualistic behavior.
b. asymmetrical behavior.
c. the transmission of rank laterally from sister to sister.
d. the transmission of rank from mothers to offspring.
6.By definition, altruistic behaviors
a. incur a cost to the recipient.
b. incur a cost to the actor.
c. result in a benefit to the actor.
d. are beneficial to the recipient and the actor.
7.When a female Jacana (Lilly Trotter) takes over the territory of another female she will destroy
the eggs being incubated by the males on that territory. A male won’t resist to the point of
risking harm to himself because many of the eggs in his nest are probably not his own offspring.
a. True
b. False
8.Hermaphroditism
a. evolved in barnacles and snails because of their limited mobility.
b. does not involve anisogamy.
c. refers to the ability to reproduce without sex.
d. means having only one kind of gamete (sex cell).
e. is primarily an adaptation for self-fertilization.
9.Which of the following species (common name) is most likely to be polyandrous?
a. Pygmy Marmoset
b. Honey Bee
c. Emperor Penguin
d. Sea Lion
e. Hanuman Langur
10.Birds are more likely to form pair-bonds than mammals because
a. either bird parent can sit on the nest or feed chicks while the chicks are too young to fly.
b. flight makes it easier to find mates.
c. male mammals have higher levels of testosterone making them more likely to fight.
d. bird reproductive physiology makes it easier to judge paternity certainty.
e. bird species are unable to defend critical resources the way mammals can.
Solution
Ques-1: Mutualistic behaviors
Answer: b. are rare because “slacking” is often profitable for individuals, not groups.
Reason:
Mutualistic .
1.Mutualistic behaviors a. are common in nature when animals wo.pdf
1. 1.Mutualistic behaviors
a. are common in nature when animals work together.
b. are rare because “slacking” is often profitable for individuals, not groups.
c. involve only kin and never unrelated individuals.
d. are profitable for the actor but not the recipient.
2.The coefficient of relatedness (r) is a measure of
a. each individual’s fitness benefits.
b. the probability that two individuals acquire the same allele through descent from a common
ancestor.
c. the probability that two randomly chosen individuals share an allele.
d. sibling relatedness.
3.Altruistic behavior is more likely
a. among kin than among nonkin.
b. among nonkin than among kin.
c. among kin than among nonkin, but only when kin and nonkin have the opportunity to
interact.
d. among nonkin than among kin, but only when nonkin interact with each other more than kin
do.
4.The key to the evolution of altruism is that
a. recipients have to be more likely to carry the altruistic allele than nonrecipients.
b. actors have to be more likely to carry the altruistic allele than nonactors.
c. recipients have to be unrelated to the actors.
d. nonrecipients have to be more likely to carry the altruistic allele than recipients.
5.Kin selection combined with females remaining in their natal group, in many primate species,
has led to
a. mutualistic behavior.
b. asymmetrical behavior.
c. the transmission of rank laterally from sister to sister.
d. the transmission of rank from mothers to offspring.
6.By definition, altruistic behaviors
2. a. incur a cost to the recipient.
b. incur a cost to the actor.
c. result in a benefit to the actor.
d. are beneficial to the recipient and the actor.
7.When a female Jacana (Lilly Trotter) takes over the territory of another female she will destroy
the eggs being incubated by the males on that territory. A male won’t resist to the point of
risking harm to himself because many of the eggs in his nest are probably not his own offspring.
a. True
b. False
8.Hermaphroditism
a. evolved in barnacles and snails because of their limited mobility.
b. does not involve anisogamy.
c. refers to the ability to reproduce without sex.
d. means having only one kind of gamete (sex cell).
e. is primarily an adaptation for self-fertilization.
9.Which of the following species (common name) is most likely to be polyandrous?
a. Pygmy Marmoset
b. Honey Bee
c. Emperor Penguin
d. Sea Lion
e. Hanuman Langur
10.Birds are more likely to form pair-bonds than mammals because
a. either bird parent can sit on the nest or feed chicks while the chicks are too young to fly.
b. flight makes it easier to find mates.
c. male mammals have higher levels of testosterone making them more likely to fight.
d. bird reproductive physiology makes it easier to judge paternity certainty.
e. bird species are unable to defend critical resources the way mammals can.
Solution
Ques-1: Mutualistic behaviors
Answer: b. are rare because “slacking” is often profitable for individuals, not groups.
3. Reason:
Mutualistic behavior is mainly due to species which are working together if slacking off is
profitable to either actor or recipient. Therefore, mutualism can be seen in individuals because
“slacking” is often profitable for individuals, not groups.For example, a keystone species is
defined as a species, which has an excessively large impact on its individual environment
relative to its “own species abundance”. This has mutualistic behavior with other animal species
& enabling an important function in maintaining balance of their species in ecological
community finally are profitable for the actor & the recipient..
