Social behaviour in invertebrates

1. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN INVERTEBRATES AND
VERTEBRATES
NAME : KRISHNA CHAVDA
ROLL NO: 04 (GIA)
SUBJECT: ZOOLOGY
PAPER: 409 (UNIT-4)
SUBMITTED TO: DR. SANJUKTA RAJHANS
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Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology, Human Genetics, Wildlife Biology and
Conservation, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad,380009.

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
WHAT IS SOCIAL BEHAVIOR ?
 BENEFITS OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
 TYPES OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR SEEN IN INVERTEBRATES
AS WELL AS IN VERTEBRATES
 REFERENCES
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3. WHAT IS SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR?
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⚫Social behavior is defined as interactions among
individuals, normally within the same species, that
are usually beneficial to one or more of the
individuals.
⚫social behavior evolved because it was beneficial
to those who engaged in it.
⚫social behaviour help animals to adapted in
variety of environments.
⚫social behavior has evolved independently in
many species of animals; invertebrates as well
as vertebrates have complex social
organizations.

4. BENEFITS OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR:
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1. Many animals are more successful in finding food if
they search as a group.
2. In some cases, foraging in a group makes it easier to
capture a prey.
3. Many animals live in social groups partly for
protection.
4. Some animals form social groups to make travel
easier.

5. TYPES OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
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Agonistic behaviour
Altrunistic behaviour
Kinship behaviour
Courtship behaviour
Territotiality behaviour
Parental behaviour

6. AGONISTIC BEHAVIOUR
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 Agonistic behaviour is any social behaviour
related to fighting.
 Agonistic behaviour are seen ,who competing
for access to same resources such as foods and
mates, shelter.
 Causes : when a new group formed a new
individual enter into a well established group
limited supply of food and bading space
competition among animal for breeding.

7. AGONISTIC BEHAVIOUR
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8. ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOUR
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⚫ In altruism ,when they benefit other
individuals, even to the potential detriment of
themselves.
⚫Altruism refers to an individual acting in a
way that will decrease its own survival
chances, but improve the survival chances
of another individual.
 Example:
⚫Ground squirrels will warn others to presence
of predator.Even though makin such a call may
draw the attention of predator to itself.

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10. KINSHIP BEHAVIOR
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⚫Kin selection is a mechanism of natural
selection that instead of selecting the fittest
individual to thrive and reproduce, selects
relatives of altruistic individuals to thrive and
reproduce.
⚫Here, an individual has the tendency to help its
relatives.
⚫Altruism may be a result of kin selection, in
which aiding one‘s relatives enhances the
spreading of genes shared with relatives.

11. Example:
• monkeys: Vervet monkeys live in social groups
organized around kinship ties. They engage in
grooming, play, and mutual protection, forming
strong bonds with relatives within the group.
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12. COURTSHIP BEHAVIOUR
• courtship behavior refers to the series of rituals, displays,
and interactions that precede mating in animals.
• these behaviors are aimed at attracting a mate, assessing
compatibility, and establishing a bond between individuals
before mating occurs.
• courtship behaviors vary widely across species and often
involve elaborate displays, vocalizations, dances, or
exchanges of gifts.
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13. • EXAMPLE:
• IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM, ONE EXAMPLE OF COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR IS THE
ELABORATE DANCES PERFORMED BY MALE PEACOCKS TO ATTRACT FEMALE
PEAHENS. MALE PEACOCKS DISPLAY THEIR VIBRANT TAIL FEATHERS IN A
SPECTACULAR FAN, PERFORM RHYTHMIC DANCES, AND EMIT LOUD CALLS TO
COURT POTENTIAL MATES. THE MORE VIBRANT AND SYMMETRICAL THE
PEACOCK'S FEATHERS, THE MORE ATTRACTIVE IT IS TO FEMALE PEAHENS.
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14. ⚫ Territory behavior in animals refers to the establishment,
defense, and maintenance of an area, known as a territory,
by an individual or group of individuals within a species.
⚫ Territories serve various purposes, including access to resources such
as food, mates, nesting sites, and shelter, as well as the protection of
offspring.
⚫ The home range of an animal is the area where it spends its
time; it is the region that encompasses all the resources the animal
requires to survive and reproduce.
 Examples :
⚫ Birds: Many bird species establish territories for nesting and foraging.
Male birds often sing from prominent perches to establish and defend
their territory, while females may select mates based on the quality of
their territory.
TERRITOTIALITY BEHAVIOUR
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15. TERRITORIALITY
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16. Parental care
• Parental care refers to the behaviors exhibited by
parents to ensure the survival and well-being of their
offspring. This can include providing food, protection,
shelter, and teaching important skills.
• Parental care includes- Nurturing; Protecting child;
Guiding Child; Communicating; and Learning.
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17. • Parental care is not limited to vertebrates; it also exists in
various invertebrate species.
• 1. Arachnids (Spiders): Some species of spiders exhibit parental care by
guarding their eggs and young. Female spiders may construct silk egg sacs
to protect their eggs and even carry the sacs with them until the spiderlings
hatch. Some species also provide food for their offspring.
• 2. Insects: Insects such as certain species of beetles, butterflies, and ants
engage in various forms of parental care. For example, burying beetles bury
small vertebrate carcasses as a food source for their larvae. Butterflies may
lay eggs on specific host plants to ensure that their caterpillars have a food
source. Ants have complex social structures where workers care for the
offspring of the colony.
• 3. Crustaceans: Some crustaceans, such as certain species of crabs and
shrimp, exhibit parental care. Female fiddler crabs carry their eggs
underneath their abdomen until they hatch, providing protection and
aerating the eggs. Some species of shrimp also carry their eggs until they
hatch and may actively fan the eggs to ensure proper oxygenation.
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18. REFERENCES
• HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/TOPIC/ANIMAL-SOCIAL-BEHAVIOUR
• HTTPS://WWW.NATURE.COM/SCITABLE/KNOWLEDGE/LIBRARY/HOW-
DOES-SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR-EVOLVE-1326024
• HTTPS://BIO.LIBRETEXTS.ORG/BOOKSHELVES/INTRODUCTORY_AND_GE
NERAL_BIOLOGY/INTRODUCTORY_BIOLOGY_(CK-
12)/10%3A_ANIMALS/10.06%3A_SOCIAL_BEHAVIOR_OF_ANIMALS
• HTTPS://WWW.ANIMAL-ETHICS.ORG/INVERTEBRATE-SENTIENCE-A-
REVIEW-OF-THE-BEHAVIORAL-EVIDENCE
• HTTPS://WWW.FRONTIERSIN.ORG/JOURNALS/NEUROSCIENCE/ARTICLE
S/10.3389/FNINS.2013.00221
• HTTPS://WWW.QUORA.COM/WHAT-ARE-THE-DIFFERENT-TYPES-OF-
ANIMAL-SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR

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Thank you