Information Communication Technology

1. Mr. Balvant Tandel
M.Com, MLISc, UGC-NET
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Library and Information Science
Anand Institute of P G Studies in Arts

2. An ​electronic ​machine that is used for ​storing, ​organizing,
and ​finding words, ​numbers, and ​pictures, for doing ​calculations, and
for ​controlling other ​machines.
- British English Dictionary

4. Present Computing Technologies

5. 10 things you have to know to
computer literate…!

15. સુપર કમ્પ્યુટર

17. મેઈન ફ્રેમ કમ્પ્યુટર

18. મીની અને માઈક્રો કમ્પ્યુટર

21. Five Generations

22. Components of a computer system

24. Input Devices

27. Output Devices

30. Primary Memory

31. Secondary Memory

32. What is Operating System

36. Various Dos Commands
• CLS
CLS is an internal command.
The CLS command clears your computer’s screen and moves the system
prompt to the top of the screen.
Example:
To clear the screen, type the following command:
CLS [Enter]
• CHDIR(sp)WP [Enter]
The command can be abbreviated to CD:
CD(sp)WP [Enter]
After executing this command, you will be in the WP directory. To go
back to the main directory, type the following command:
CHDIR(sp).. [Enter] or CHDIR [Enter] -or- CD(sp).. [Enter] or CD [Enter]
Commands given while in a sub-directory act on that directory only.

37. COPY
COPY is an internal command.
The principal use of the COPY command is to copy
files from one disk or directory to another. It’s use is
very simple.
Example:
To copy the file LETTER.DOC from drive A: to drive B:,
enter the following command:
COPY(sp)A:LETTER.DOC(sp)B: [Enter]
To copy LETTER.DOC to Drive B: and change its name
on drive B: to LETTER1.DOC, type the following:
COPY(sp)A:LETTER.DOC(sp)B:LETTER1.DOC [Enter]
To copy LETTER.DOC from the WP sub-directory on
drive C: to drive B:, use this format:
COPY(sp)C:WPLETTER.DOC(sp)B: [Enter]

38. DIR
DIR is an internal command.
The DIR command allows you to see a list of the files stored on any disk. Along
with the filenames, it also provides other information about the files.
Example:
To see a list of files on drive A:
DIR(sp)A: [Enter]
You will see a list of files, along with the size of each file in bytes, and the date
and time that data was last entered in that file. In addition, the amount of space
left on the disk will be displayed.
Sometimes, a disk will have more files than can be displayed on the screen. Using
the DIR command will cause the files to scroll off the top of the screen faster
than you can read them. To avoid this, add the parameter /P. Here is an example:
DIR(sp)B:/P [Enter]
DOS will fill the screen with file information, then print at the bottom of the
screen:
Press a key to continue:
After you press ANY key, another screen full of data will be displayed. This
continues until the entire directory has been presented. There is another option
with DIR. To see a list of files on disk A:, arranged in multiple columns, but
without file size and other information:
DIR(sp)A:/W [Enter]
NOTE: Use the DIR command frequently to check on the files on your disks and to
keep track of the amount of disk space available.

39. MKDIR
MKDIR is an internal command
The MKDIR command allows you to create new sub-directories.
Example:
To create a new subdirectory, called CHAPTER1 on drive C:
MKDIR(sp)C:CHAPTER1 [Enter]
To create a subdirectory within a subdirectory, for example to create the
subdirectory CHAPTER1 in the directory NOVEL on drive C:
MKDIR(sp)C:NOVELCHAPTER1 [Enter]
If you are already in the directory in which you want to place a
subdirectory, you do not need the character. For example, If you had
used the CHDIR or CD command to move to the NOVEL subdirectory,
create the CHAPTER1 subdirectory like this:
MKDIR(sp)CHAPTER1 [Enter]
Note: You can abbreviate the MKDIR command to MD.
Example:
MD(sp)CHAPTER1 [Enter]
CAUTION: Be certain you know which directory you are in before using
the simplified form of this command. Otherwise you may create a
subdirectory in an unwanted place. To avoid confusion, use the full
format, including drive name, as in the first and second examples.

40. RMDIR
RMDIR is an internal command.
RMDIR, or its abbreviated form RD, removes a
subdirectory from a disk. Before removing the directory,
however, all files in that directory must be deleted with
the DEL or ERASE commands.
Example:
To remove the WP directory from your hard disk, enter
the following series of commands:
CD(sp)WP [Enter]
DEL(sp)*.* [Enter]
CD(sp).. [Enter]
RMDIR(sp)WP [Enter]
CAUTION: Be certain that you really want to delete all the
files in that directory. If there are files you wish to save,
COPY them to another directory, or to a floppy disk before
deleting them.

41. Introduction of Windows

44. My computer Icon

45. Recycle Bin

46. Task bar
Start Menu

47. એ્લીકેશન ચાલુ કરવી

52. Paint brush

54. What is a Computer Network?
 Collection of autonomous
computers interconnected by a
single technology is called
computer network.
 Two computers are set to be
interconnected if they are able to
exchange information.
 Connection can be through a
copper wire, fiber optics,
microwaves, infrared or satellite.

55. CATEGORIES OF
NETWORKS

56.  A Local Area Network (LAN) is a collection of networking
equipment located geographically close together. E.g. Single
room, campus etc.
 Data transferred in High speed which ranges from 100 Mbps to
gigabit for system development and have a low implementation
cost.
 Upper limit: 10 km ; Lower limit: 1 km
 Twisted pair cable or Co-axial cable connects the plug in cards to
form a network.
 Designed to share resources between PCs and workstation such as
hardware or data.

57. A work to internet connections would most likely
require broadcast network (LAN) with a connection to
the internet (packet switched network)

59. • Cost reductions through sharing of information and databases,
resources and network services.
• Increased information exchange between different departments in
an organization, or between individuals.
• The trend to automate communication and manufacturing process.
• Special security measures
are needed to stop users
from using programs and
data that they should not
have access to;
• Networks are difficult to set
up and need to be
maintained by skilled
technicians.
• If the file server develops a
serious fault, all the users are
affected, rather than just one
user in the case of a stand-
alone machine.

60. There are three topologies of LAN Network
Bus
Topology
Star
Topology
LAN
Topologies
Ring
Topology

63.  The metropolitan area network (MAN) is designed to extend
over an entire city.
 It may be a single network such as cable television network
available in many cities.
 A MAN uses distributed queue dual bus.
 Range: Within 100 km (a city).
Bus A
Bus B
MAN

64.  It provides a good back bone for
a large network and provides
greater access to WANs.
 The dual bus used in MAN helps
the transmission of data in both
direction simultaneously.
 A Man usually encompasses
several blocks of a city or an
entire city.
 More cable required for a MAN
connection from one place to
another.
 It is difficult to make the system
secure from hackers and
industrial espionage (spying)
graphical regions.

65. • Network that provides long
distance transmission of
data, voice, image and
video information over
large geographical areas
that may comprise a
country, a continent.
• Range: Beyond 100 km.

66. •Covers a large geographical area so long
distance businesses can connect on the
one network.
•Shares software and resources with
connecting workstations.
•Messages can be sent very quickly to
anyone else on the network. These
messages can have pictures, sounds, or
data included with them (called
attachments).
•Expensive things (such as printers or
phone lines to the internet) can be shared
by all the computers on the network
without having to buy a different peripheral
for each computer.
•Everyone on the network can use the
same data. This avoids problems where
some users may have older information
than others.
•Need a good firewall to restrict outsiders
from entering and disrupting the network
•Setting up a network can be an expensive,
slow and complicated. The bigger the
network the more expensive it is.
•Once set up, maintaining a network is a
full-time job which requires network
supervisors and technicians to be
employed.
•Security is a real issue when many
different people have the ability to use
information from other computers.
Protection against hackers and viruses adds
more complexity and expense.

68. •ISDN ( Integrated service
digital network) 2 types
Basic rate interface
Primary rate interface
•Frame relay
•Switched multimegabit
data service (SMDS)
•Synchronous optical
network (SONET)
•High data link controlled
(HDLC)
•Synchronous Data Link
Control (SDLC)

70. BASIS LAN MAN WAN
Full Form Local Area Network Metropolitan Area Network Wide Area Network
Range A communication network
linking a number of stations in
same local area. Range is 1 to
10 km
This network shares the
characteristics of packet
broadcasting networks.
Range is100 km
A communication network
distinguished from a Local Area
Network. Range is Beyond 100
km
Media Used Uses guided media Uses guided as well as
unguided media
Uses unguided media
Speed A high speed i.e. 100kbps to
100mbps
Optimized for a large
geographical area than LAN.
Long distance
communications, which may or
may not be provided by public
packet network.
Cost cheaper costly expensive
Equipment
needed
NIC, switch and hub Modem and router Microwave, radio, infra-red
laser
protocols Attached Resource computer
network (ARCNET), Token ring
Frame relay and
asynchronous transfer
mode(ATM)
ATM, FDDI, SMDS

71. What is Internet?

73. Components of Internet

75. Present Network Technologies

76. Domain Name System

77. World Wide Web (WWW)

78. Web browser

79. Web browser

80. www.pustakaly.com

81. www.openlibrary.org

82. www.gujaratibooks.com

83. www.britannica.com