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Document for the package COSY/SYNDAT/MODFUN
********************************************** * * * USER'S MANUAL FOR * * COSY,
SYNDAT, MODFUN and SIMKIN * * v4.0 * * *
********************************************** (Last edit of this version
20.9.1989 Released on 23.9.1989 ) address Marc Eberhard Biocenter of the
University Department of Biophysical Chemistry Klingelbergstrasse 70 CH-4056
Basel, SWITZERLAND
tel 061 / 25 38 80 fax 061 / 25 67 60 ean EBERHARD@URZ.UNIBAS.CH CONTENTS:
1.OVERVIEW 1-1.How to read this document. 1-2.The programs of the package. 1-
3.Disclaimer 2.A DOS PRIMER 2-1.What is a file? 2-2.What is DOS? 2-3.What is a
directory? 2-4.Where am I? The PROMPT command. 2-5.How to start a program. 2-
6.The PATH command. 2-7.The AUTOEXEC.BAT file 3.INSTALLATION 3-1.Hardware
requirements. 3-2.Software requirements. 3-3.What is on the distribution disk?
3-4.Installation on your computer. 3-5.System configuration. 3-6.The utility
CINST. 3-7.The utility MINIEDIT. 3-6.First run. 1.OVERVIEW: 1-1.How to read this
document. -If you are new to computers or to DOS, you may have trouble
understanding certain terms used in this manual. Chapter 2 provides a brief
overview of the most important DOS concepts and functions. If you want to have
more information please refer to the DOS manual of your computer. -Read chapter
3 to assure that the programs run on your system.

2. -Read chapter 4, 5, 6 and 8 to learn to use the four programs. These Chapters
explain most of the features of the four programs. Examples are provided.
-Chapter 7 explanes how to introduce new model functions. -Chapter 9 contains
reference materials. 1-2.The programs of the package. COSY is a program for
analysis of kinetic and equilibrium data. Data may be given manually via
keyboard. COSY provides an editor that allows to conveniently handle data.
Alternatively data may be aquired from text files. COSY allows to process data
in many ways (linear transformation, scaling, integration, differentiation etc)
and provides an universal nonlinear least-squares fit procedure to fit data to
various model functions. Additionally some special algorithms are provided
(Direct linear plot, initial velocity estimation). COSY allows to graphically
represent data on the screen, a plotter or a matrix printer. SYNDAT is used to
generate data according to fixed parameters. Experimental error are simulated by
an algorithm, which scatters the calculated data according to a standard
deviation. The synthetic data generated in this way may be analyzed by least-
squares fit. MODFUN evaluates the model functions and their derivatives with
respect to the fit parameters for a given argument. MODFUN may be used to
estimate parameters and to check wether the model functions are correctly
evaluated. All four programs of the package provide an DOS-shell, that is they
allow you to switch to the operating system during program operation. The
program continues subsequently at the same point you left. All four programs
allow redirection of output to devices or files. Several utilities are also
provided: MINIEDIT a small editor. CCODE a tool to define or modify parameters
of model function. CONF gives estimates on errors of parameters (From Monte-
Carlo analysis by SYNDAT). CINST may be used to define colors of COSY, MODFUN,
SYNDAT, CCODE, and MINIEDIT. 1-3.Disclaimer While every effort has been made to
appropriately debug the programs no guarantee can be given that data are
processed in the correct way in each case nor that programs behave as described
under all circumstances. Some of the bugs are documented throughout the manual.
All the programs are equipped with a runtime error library, that is they report
on the causes of runtime errors (see section 9-11). User-made hazards are
intercepted wherever possible. 2.A DOS PRIMER If you are new to computers or to
DOS, you may have trouble understanding certain terms used in this manual. This
section provides a brief overview of the most important DOS concepts and
functions: -What is a file? -What is DOS? -What is a directory? -Where am I? The
PROMPT command.

3. -How to start a program. -The PATH command. -The AUTOEXEC.BAT file. This
information is by no means a complete explanation of the DOS operating system.
If you need more details, please refer to the MS-DOS or PC-DOS user's manual of
your computer system. 2-1.What is a file? In the computer world nearly every
information is laid down in files. Files can be of very different size, contain
different information. A file is a collection of information stored on a disk
under a filename. The document you are reading now is the content of a file, a
so-called text file. Other files contain numbers (these files are called binary
files) or both text and numbers. A third category of files are program files.
These files contain a code, which can be read an executed by your computer
system. Each file has a name of the formate FILENAME.EXT where FILENAME refers
to a string of up to 8 characters, and EXT to a string of up to 3 characters.
Program files always have the filename extension EXE or COM. This extension
uniquely identifies a file as a program file. Filenames are subjected to some
restrictions: Do not use following characters within filenames: .[]?/="+*:;-<>
Do not use following filenames:
AUX,CLOCK$,COM,CON,KYBD$,LPT,LPT1,LPT2,LPT3,LST,NUL,PRN,SCRN$ (All these
filenames are used by DOS.) Do not use following filename extensions: .EXE,
.BAT, .BAK, .COM, .OVL, .$$$ (All these extensions are used by DOS.) Note: the
file manager (see section 4-10) of the programs of this package eliminates
forbidden characters from filenames given by the user. 2-2.What is DOS? DOS is
shorthand for Disk Operating System. MS-DOS is Microsoft's version of DOS, while
PC-DOS is IBM's version. DOS is the housekeeper of your computer system. DOS
operates in the background, taking care of many tasks you would not want to
think about, for instance, the flow of characters between your keyboard and the
computer, between computer and printer and between your disks and the computer's
memory (RAM). Other transactions are initiated by entering commands on the DOS
command line, immediately after the DOS prompt. The DOS prompt you see on the
screen probably looks like one of the following: A> B> C> The capital letter
refers to the active disk (the one DOS and you are using right now). For
instance, if the prompt is A>, it means you are working with the files on drive
A, and the commands you give DOS will refer to that drive. When you want to
switch to another disk, all you do is type the letter of the disk followed by a
colon and press <Enter>. To switch to drive B for example, type B:<Enter> Since
DOS does not care about uppercase or lowercase letters, you also

4. can type b:<Enter> There are few commands you will often use with DOS, such as
DIR DEL or ERASE COPY to get a list of files on the logged disk to erase a file
to copy files from one disk to another
-The DIR command. If you want to get a list of the names of the files present on
your disk, type DIR<Enter> DOS displays a list of all the files present on your
disk. If the list is long and scrolls through the screen, hold down the
<Control> key and hit <S>. The display will stop and allow you to read the list.
To resume scolling, again press <Control><S>. To interrupt the output hit
<Control><C>. In order to get a page-by-page output, type DIR /P <Enter> after
the DOS prompt. You can specify filenames or parts of filenames to get a
selection of particular files. For instance type DIR *.DAT<Enter> after the DOS
prompt to get a list of all files with the filename extension DAT. Type DIR
EXAM???.*<Enter> to get a list of all files having filenames 7 characters long
and beginning with EXAM. You will notice that the * represents a string of
variable length and ? represents a single character. -The DEL command To erase a
file EXAMPLE.DAT from your disk, type DEL EXAMPLE.DAT<Enter> immediately after
the DOS prompt. If you want to erase all files with the filename EXAMPLE,
irrespective of the filename extension, then type DEL EXAMPLE.*<Enter> after the
DOS prompt. If you want to erase all files with filenames that are 7 characters
long and begin with EXAM, then type DEL EXAM???.*<Enter> after the DOS prompt.
As you see, the star represents a string of characters (variable in length)
while the question mark represents one single character. Consequently, if you
want to erase all files of a disk, type DEL *.*<Enter>

5. after the DOS prompt. DOS asks you now wether you are sure to erase all the
files. Enter Y<Enter> for yes, N<Enter> for no. -The COPY command. To copy a
file EXAMPLE.DAT from your logged disk to disk C, for example, type COPY
EXAMPLE.DAT C: after the DOS prompt. To copy the content of a file EXAMPLE.DAT
present on your logged disk to a file ANYTHING.CAL on disk B, type COPY
EXAMPLE.DAT B:ANYTHING.CAL after the DOS prompt. If a file ANYTHING.CAL is
already present on disk B, then DOS will overwrite this file. If no file
ANYTHING.CAL is present on disk B, then DOS will create a new file with that
name and put in the content of EXAMPLE.DAT. 2-3.What is a directory? A directory
is a convenient way to organize your floppy or hard disk files. Directories
allow you to subdivide your disk into sections. For instance you might want to
put all the files having something to do with experimental data into a box
labeled EXPDATA. To create such a box type MKDIR EXPDATA<Enter> after the C>
prompt (or any other DOS prompt ). DOS has now created a directory EXPDATA into
which you can put all the files containing experimental data, using the COPY
command, as explained above: COPY xxxxx.yyy C:EXPDATA<Enter> xxxxx.yyy
represents any file you may want to have in the EXPDATA directory. To switch to
the EXPDATA directory, type CD EXPDATA<Enter> To switch back to the disk type
CD..<Enter> To remove the directory EXPDATA from the disk, switch to the EXPDATA
directory as explained above and erase all files (Please confirm that you are in
the EXPDATA directory using the command DIR, in order to avoid unwanted loss of
files! ). To erase all files type DEL *.*<Enter> then switch back to the disk
and enter RMDIR EXPDATA<Enter> to remove the directory EXPDATA. If you are
someone who really likes organization, you can subdivide your directories into
subdirectories. You can create as many directories and subdirectories as you
like - just do not forget where you put your files! Subdirecties are created and
handled in the same way as directories. For example, when you are in the EXPDIR
directory, type

6. MKDIR UNIT.DIR<Enter> DOS creates now a new directory within the directory
EXPDIR. To move into the newly created directory, type CD UNIT.DIR<Enter> To
move from a subdirectory (like UNIT) into its parent directory (in the present
case EXPDIR), type CD..<Enter> and DOS will move you back to the EXPDIR
directory. To move to the root directory, the lowest directory in the hierarchy,
type CD<Enter> 2-4.Where am I? The PROMPT command. You have probably noticed
when you switch between directories that you still see the C> prompt (or any
other DOS prompt). There is no evidence of the directory or subdirectory you are
currently in. Since this can be confusing, DOS gives you an easy way to find
out. Type PROMPT=$P $G<Enter> and from now on (until you turn off your computer
or reboot), the prompt will show you where you are. If you are still in the
EXPDATA directory then your DOS prompt will look like C:EXPDATA > If you are
within the UNIT.DIR directory then your DOS prompt will look like
C:EXPDATAUNIT.DIR > If your computer is used by other people or installed by a
service manager then PROMPT is probably automatically performed (see section 2-
7). 2-5.How to start a program. On one of your distribution disks, you will find
the program CINST.EXE. Please copy CINST.EXE to another disk or to hard disk and
keep the distribution disk save. This is because if something is wrong with your
disks or if you loose the disk, the program has gone. To start CINST from drive
C for example type CINST<Enter> after the C: > prompt. Of course, CINST.EXE has
to be present on disk C. As you see, programs are started by typing the
filename, without the filename extension, followed by <Enter>. Remember that all
the program files have the filename extension .EXE or .COM. Now DOS gives the
control of input and output to the program. All the following commands are given
to the program and DOS handles only the housekeeping processes, in the
background. As soon as you leave the program, the DOS prompt reappears on the
screen.

7. 2-6 The PATH command. The PATH command tells your computer where to look for
commands it does not recognize. DOS only recognizes programs in the current
(logged) directory, unless there is a path to other directories. Suppose you are
in the C:EXPDATA directory, but CINST.EXE is on the C disk. If you type
CINST<Enter> after the C:EXPDATA > prompt, in order to start CINST, then DOS
will give you the message Bad command or file name. because it cannot find the
file CINST.EXE in the EXPDATA directory. In this case, in order to run CINST,
you can either type C:CINST<Enter> or you can force DOS to find files outside
the current directory, by typing PATH=C:;C:EXPDATA;C:EXPDATAUNIT From now on
(until you turn off your computer or reboot), DOS will find any program present
in one of the specified directories (C EXPDATA and UNIT ). Do not forget to
separate the different directory specifications by semicolons. If you want to
find out the PATH installed previously then type PATH<Enter> after the DOS
prompt. 2-7.The AUTOEXEC.BAT file To avoid typing the PROMPT command discussed
in section 2-4 and the PATH command mentioned in section 2-6. every time you
turn on the computer, you can set up an AUTOEXEC.BAT file. The AUTOEXEC.BAT file
makes the computer to do things when it is started up. If you have an
AUTOEXEC.BAT file on your main directory, your computer will do everything in
that file when you turn on or boot the computer. To create an AUTOEXEC.BAT file
you may use MINIEDIT present on one of the distribution disks and type
CD<Enter> to get to the root directory and type MINIEDIT AUTOEXEC.BAT<Enter>
after the DOS prompt, in order to create an AUTOEXEC.BAT file or edit an
existing AUTOEXEC.BAT. Now enter the PROMPT and PATH command you want to execute
whenever the computer is started up: PROMPT=$P $G PATH=C:;C:EXPDATA CD EXPDATA
The last command switches to the EXPDATA directory. To save the AUTOEXEC.BAT

8. file, select 'F1-Save' from the menu by typing <F1>. Move with the cursor to the
first entry "AUTOEXEC.BAT" of the list using the arrow keys and hit <Enter>.
Alternatively you may use DOS to setup an AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Type CD<Enter> to
get to the main directory. Type COPY CON AUTOEXEC.BAT<Enter> to tell DOS that
you want to write text from the keyboard (CON for console) into AUTOEXEC.BAT.
Then type PROMPT=$P $G<Enter> PATH=C:EXPDATA<Enter> CD EXPDATA<Enter> Now hold
down the <Control> key, hit <Z> and press <Enter>. This tells DOS to terminate
the input from the keyboard and to save your commands into the AUTOEXEC.BAT
file. Of course you also can introduce COPY and other DOS commands into the
AUTOEXEC.BAT file. To see the content of AUTOEXEC.BAT type TYPE
AUTOEXEC.BAT<Enter> after the DOS prompt. DOS writes now the content of
AUTOEXEC.BAT onto the screen. To test your new AUTOEXEC.BAT file, reboot your
computer by holding down the <Control> and <Alt> keys and pressing <Del> or
typing AUTOEXEC<Enter> after the DOS prompt. After a while the C:EXPDATA prompt
should appear. This chapter has presented only a quick look at DOS and some of
its functions. Once you are familiar with the information given here, you may
want to study your DOS manual and discover all the other things you can do with
your computer's operating system. There are many DOS functions not mentioned
here that can simplify and enhance your computer use. This quick introduction
into DOS should be sufficent to work with the program package described in this
manual, because most of the operations are done within the programs and not with
DOS. 3.INSTALLATION 3-1.Hardware requirements. Each of the programs
COSY,MODFUN,SYNDAT and SIMKIN runs on a PC, PC-XT/AT or compatible with 512
Kbyte RAM, two 360 Kbyte floppy drive or one 1.2 Mbyte floppy drive or a hard
disk, and graphics (Hercules, CGA, MCGA, EGA, VGA, 3270PC and IBM8514 are
supported by the programs). The use of a hard disk is highly recommended. Some
parts of the programs are very slow when run on a 4.77 MHz 8088 system without
numeric coprocessor (graphics and fit procedures are especially time consuming
on minimal systems). So far the programs have been successfully tested on the
following systems: Twix 88-XT with 640 Kbyte memory, two floppy drives, no
coprocessor, 20 Mbyte hard disk, Hercules graphics. Twix 88-XT with 640 Kbyte
memory, two floppy drives, a 8087 coprocessor,

9. 20 Mbyte hard disk, Hercules graphics. Twix 286-AT with 640 Kbyte memory, one
floppy drive, no coprocessor, 20 Mbyte hard disk, VGA graphics. HP vectra ES10
with 640 kByte memory, one floppy drive, no coprocessor, 20 Mbyte hard disk, HP-
VGA graphics. Twix 386-AT with 1 Mbyte memory, one floppy drive, no coprocessor,
60 Mbyte hard disk, VGA graphics. Tandon 486-AT 25 with 1 Mbyte memory, two
floppy drives, 110 Mbyte hard disk, VGA-16 graphics. 3-2.Software requirements.
MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 2.00 or later is required. All other software is
present on the distribution disk. Read Chapter 2 or consult your DOS manual if
you are not familiar with DOS. If you want to modify the model functions or
create new ones, Turbo Pascal v5.0 or later is required. Turbo Pascal 5.0 is
available for about $ 200 from many PC software dealers. See section 9-12 for a
list of headquarters of Borland Inc, the manufacturer of Turbo Pascal. 3-3.What
is on the distribution disk? Version 4.0 of COSY/MODFUN/SYNDAT is distributed on
6 360 kByte formatted 5 1/4 inch disks: Volume in drive B is C1-TPU Directory of
B: INOUT COSYDEC COSYFILE COSYMODU DRIVERS ALGOMODU COSYEDIT DATAMODU HPLOT TPU
16512 9-21-90 TPU 41552 9-21-90 TPU 29920 9-21-90 TPU 63616 9-21-90 TPU 37488 9-
21-90 TPU 59664 9-21-90 TPU 31280 9-21-90 TPU 44944 9-21-90 TPU 29488 9-21-90 9
File(s) 3072 bytes 2:58p 3:46p 3:46p 3:46p 2:58p 3:46p 3:47p 3:47p 2:59p free
Volume in drive B is C2-FUNC Directory of B: HCOPY PLOTMODU MEDIT FUNC COMPILE
MINIEDIT CINST TPU 5040 9-21-90 3:49p TPU 62560 9-21-90 3:47p TPU 46784 9-21-90
4:01p TPU 79968 9-21-90 2:58p BAT 59 9-21-90 9:42a EXE 89200 9-21-90 4:11p EXE
72960 9-21-90 10:50p 7 File(s) 1024 bytes free
Volume in drive B is C3-UTIL Directory of B: MODFUN CCODE CONF EXE 180784 9-21-
90 EXE 104720 9-21-90 EXE 65824 9-21-90 3 File(s) 9216 bytes 4:08p 4:08p 4:09p
free

10. Volume in drive B is C4-COSY Directory of B: COSY COSY COSY COSY CS FREERAM
FUNC EXE 305776 9-21-90 5:07p PAS 18022 9-21-90 5:04p INS 1871 9-21-90 10:33p
ITF 155 9-21-90 6:34p BAT 16 9-21-90 4:49p EXE 2976 9-07-90 5:06p PAS 28787 9-
20-90 9:01p 7 File(s) 1024 bytes free
Volume in drive B is C5-SYNDAT Directory of B: SYNDAT SYNDAT MODFUN SYNDAT COSY
EXE 307984 9-23-90 10:59a PAS 35852 9-21-90 11:18p PAS 5048 9-21-90 4:08p INS
107 9-09-90 9:42p DFP 5172 9-14-90 3:19p 5 File(s) 5120 bytes free
Volume in drive B is C6-DOC Directory of B: CC CC1 CC2 CC3 CC4 CC5 COSY SYNDAT
DOC 4996 9-21-90 10:19a DOC 40039 9-21-90 10:19a DOC 63005 9-21-90 10:19a DOC
37893 9-21-90 4:42p DOC 44000 9-21-90 10:20a DOC 39895 9-21-90 10:20a OVR 61344
9-21-90 5:07p OVR 64560 9-21-90 4:05p 8 File(s) 3072 bytes free
Six types of files are present on the distribution disks: -Programs (*.EXE,
*.OVR). -Turbo Pascal unit files (*.TPU). -Turbo Pascal source code files
(*.PAS). -Configuration files. -Command files. -Documentation (*.DOC). Programs:
COSY.EXE, COSY.OVR MODFUN.EXE SYNDAT.EXE, SYNDAT.OVR Each of these programs
checks the hardware for the presence of a numerical coprocessor and uses it if
present. The programs of the package detect automatically the graphics system
you use (except the IBM8514 adapter; see section 3-5). MINIEDIT a text editor.
CCODE a tool to define or modify parameters of model function. CONF gives
estimates on errors of parameters (From Monte-Carlo analysis by SYNDAT).

11. CINST defines the colors used by COSY, MODFUN and SYNDAT. The program MINIEDIT
present on one of the distribution disks can be used to conveniently read text
files and print text files in a useful formate, with perforation skip, page
numbers and the file name at the top of each page. If you want to use the
perforation skip property, assure that your printer uses the correct form feed
(12 inch. Usually this is set by DIP switches) Turbo Pascal unit files:
INOUT.TPU COSYDEC.TPU COSYFILE.TPU COSYMODU.TPU DRIVERS.TPU ALGOMODU.TPU
COSYEDIT.TPU DATAMODU.TPU HPLOT.TPU HCOPY.TPU PLOTMODU.TPU MEDIT.TPU FUNC.TPU
These files are required for the setup of COSY, MODFUN and SYNDAT with different
sets of model functions. Turbo Pascal source code files: FUNC.PAS COSY.PAS
SYNDAT.PAS MODFUN.PAS These files are required for the implementation of new
model functions. Configuration files: COSY.INS Basic installations of COSY,
MODFUN, SYNDAT, CCODE, CONF, MINIEDIT and CINST. SYNDAT.INS Special
configuration of SYNDAT. COSY.DFP Parameter definitions for COSY, MODFUN, SYNDAT
and CCODE. Command files: COSY.PAR Contains the last status of COSY, MODFUN and
SYNDAT. COSY.ITF Example file used by the interface section of COSY (see section
5-7). CS.BAT MS-DOS batch file for the use of COSY's interface section.
COMPILE.BAT may be used for compilation of COSY and SYNDAT. A note to data
files. COSY, MODFUN and SYNDAT use data files of two different formats: ASCII
format and binary format. ASCII files are text files which may be read and
manipulated using MINIEDIT or any text processing program, while binary files
can be read only by COSY, MODFUN and SYNDAT. On the other hand, binary data
files occupy about three times less disk space. See section 5-10 for details. 3-
4.Installation on your computer. Make copies from each of the distribution
disks, using the MS-DOS command COPY or DISKCOPY. Read chapter 2 or refer your
the DOS manual if you are not familiar with MS-DOS or PC-DOS. Keep the original
disks

12. save and work with the copies exclusively. -If you have a hard disk then just
copy everything present on the distribution disks into a directory onto the hard
disk. You may copy the programs into different directories, but then assure that
COSY.DFP is present in those directories. All the files together require about
2.1 Mbyte disk space. -If you do not have a hard disk, then you need at least
two floppy drives (360 Kbyte format) to run COSY and SYNDAT. Copy COSY.EXE
COSY.DFP COSY.INS COSY.IFT CS.BAT onto one disk (COSY program disk) and COSY.OVR
SYNDAT.OVR onto another (accessory disk). Insert the first disk into drive A and
the second into drive B (or vice versa). Specify A: and B: in the PATH command,
by typing PATH=A:;B:; after the DOS prompt. Then start COSY from the disk
containing COSY.DFP. You may use the remaining space of the disk containing
COSY.OVR for data. In the same way, you may create a SYNDAT program disk
containing SYNDAT.EXE SYNDAT.INS and use it in conjunction with the accessory
disk to run SYNDAT. Each of the other programs can be operated from one disk.
Note: Starting COSY with the above procedure takes more than one minute on a
8088-PC operated at 4.77 MHz. In addition, switching to graphics or the data
manager (see section 4-12 and 5-4, respectively) causes a delay because these
part of the program are overlaid from COSY.OVR. -If you have a 1.2 Mbyte drive
and no hard disk then copy COSY.EXE COSY.OVR COSY.DFP COSY.INS COSY.IFT CS.BAT
SYNDAT.EXE SYNDAT.OVR SYNDAT.INS onto a 1.2 Mbyte disk and start COSY and SYNDAT
from that drive. You may also use separate disk for COSY and SYNDAT. COSY,
MODFUN and SYNDAT are detect automatically and use each of the following
graphics systems: AT&T 400 line CGA

13. EGA VGA Hercules 3270-PC An IBM 8514 graphics system is recognized as VGA. If
you want to accept COSY, MODFUN and SIMKIN to use IBM 8514 then replace "detect"
in the file COSY.INS by "IBM8514" (not by "IBM 8514"!). You may use MINIEDIT to
do that. See section 3-5 for more details about the COSY.INS file. The AT&T
adapter is also not automatically detected. Replace "detect" in COSY.INS by
"ATT400". -To see whether the programs run on your computer system proceed as
described in section 3-8. COSY, SYNDAT and CINST use graphics. 3-5.The system
configuration (COSY.INS). COSY, MODFUN, SYNDAT, MINIEDIT and CINST use the
configuration file COSY.INS. The setup described in this chapter is not required
for program operation: You can run and work with all the programs with the
configuration file present on the distribution disk or without the configuration
file. If COSY, MODFUN, SYNDAT, MINIEDIT or CINST do not find the file COSY.INS
on the current directory, then they create one with default settings. To change
COSY.INS according to your demands, use a text program or MINIEDIT: Type
MINIEDIT COSY.INS after the DOS prompt. If COSY.INS is on the present directory
then it will show up, otherwise you get a blank screen. You may also load a file
by selecting 'F2-Load' from the menu of MINIEDIT. The configuration file
COSY.INS present on the distribution disk contains the following: General
installations: Path: "C:*.*" Parameter definitions: "COSY.DFP" Log file:
"COSY.PAR" Username: Number size: 10 ; Decimal places: 7 ; Graphics driver:
autodetect ; Graphics resolution: 2 ; Printer installations: Printer output:
"PRN" Line feed: #13 #10 ; Form feed: #12 ; Spacing for text: #27 #50 ; Spacing
for graphics: #27 #51 #24 ; Graphics mode: #27 #42 #0 ; Graphics Y-factor: 1 ;
{default mask for file handling} {optional} {determines the numeric format}
{higher numbers: lower resolution} {output port for printer} {use decimal
numbers (ASCII codes)} {1/6 inch spacing for text} {1/9 inch spacing for
graphics} {bit map mode 0} {determines width of hardcopy}
Plotter installations: Communication port: 0 ; {serial port 0} Communication
parameters: 2400, 0, 2, 7 ; (baud rate, parity, stop bits, word length ; [166] )
Plotter controls: >#27.J#27.M50;#00;#10;#13: {initial HPGL commands}
>#27.I81;#00;#17: >#27.N10;#00;#00:

14. delay : 3000,500,5000,1000,0,0,0,0 ; Colors: Normal text: lightgray Normal
background: black Reverse text: black Reverse background: lightgray Information
(text): blue Title (text): yellow Prompt (text): green Echo (text): magenta Menu
(text): cyan Menu hotkeys (text): lightcyan Warnings (text): red Comments
(text): lightgray Normal graphics: Information (graphics): Menu (graphics): Menu
hotkeys (graphics): Axes (graphics): Residuals (graphics): Horizontal cursors
(graphics): Vertical cursors (graphics): Background (graphics): Curve 1 : Curve
2 : Curve 3 : Curve 4 : Curve 5 : Curve 6 : Curve 7 : Curve 8 : Curve 9 : Curve
10 :
{delays during plot}
lightgray blue cyan lightcyan lightgray white white white black blue cyan
magenta lightgray lightblue lightcyan lightmagenta white blue cyan
Comments: -If you change the name of the parameter file (COSY.DFP by default)
then assure that there is a parameter file with that name on the current
directory. See chapter 7-1 to learn how to setup a new parameter file. -If you
fill in the username, it will show up in COSY and SYNDAT. In addition, you may
fill in the username into the comment with one keystroke. Place the username in
quote marks ("). -The graphics resolution is just the length of the lines which
are used to make a screen plot. The smallest length is 1. A small number
increases the resolution but requires more time to draw the plot. -The printer
installations are made for dot matrix printers (8,9 or 24 needles). Currently
the programs do not support hardcopies on other devices (laser printers, ink jet
printers). Refer to the manual of your printer if the hardcopy function ('3-
Graphics/F6-Hardcp' in COSY or SYNDAT) does not produce an acceptable output.
Note that some of the old matrix printers do not support bit map graphics.
Hardcopies will be enlarged by the factor "Graphics Y-factor" in Y-direction
(perpendicular to the paper feed direction of your matrix printer ). Possible
printer outputs: "PRN","LST1" printer 1 "LST2" printer 2 "LST3" printer 3 "CON"
console "COM1" serial port 1

15. "COM2" serial port 2 "NUL" ignores output none current standard output (usually
the screen) You can also specify a normal DOS filename as printer output. In
this case, however, the file is overwritten each time you start COSY, SYNDAT,
MODFUN, MINIEDIT or CCODE. Note: place the output name in quote (") marks.
-Following plotter installations are valid: -Communication port meaning 0 RS232
port 1 RS232 port 2 text file, 10 RS232 port 11 RS232 port 12 text file, Note:
provide one integer number in this comments are ignored. -Communication
parameters (default) 1st parameter (2400) 0, for HP-GL plotters. 1, for HP-GL
plotters. for HP-GL plotters. 0, for HP-7221A and compatibles. 1, for HP-7221A
and compatibles. for HP-7221A and compatibles. line. Any further numbers or
meaning baud rate: 110,150,300,600,1200 1200,2400,4800,9600 are accepted. 2nd
parameter (0) parity: 0 = none 1 = odd 2 = even 3rd parameter (2) number of stop
bits: 1 or 2. 4th parameter (7) word length in bits: 7 or 8. These parameters
should be set to those of the plotter. (Refer to the interfacing and operation
manual of your plotter). Note: Insert an empty line or a line without numeric
values to leave previous settings unchanged. In this way you may configure the
RS232 port by other programs (MSKERMIT for instance ). In any other case provide
4 integer numbers, separated by any delimiter, in this line. If you specify less
than 4 numbers, then the remaining numbers will be set to zero. Abort device
control instructions Set output mode turnaround delay, 0..9999 ms output trigger
character echo terminate character output #27.I81;#00;#17: Set hadshake mode 2
Xoff threshold level enquiry character Xon trigger character #27.N10;#00: Set
extended output and handshake mode 10 <DEC> intercharacter delay, 0..9999 ms #00
<ASC> Xoff trigger character Formates <STR> = string, <DEC> = decimal string,
<ASC> = ASCI character. Delimiter = ; Terminator = : The # operator converts the
following number to its ASCII character equivalent. The above four commands
belong to the device-control instructions of HP-GL, the Hewlett-Packard graphics
language. meaning #27.J <STR> #27.M <STR> 50 <DEC> #00 <ASC> #10 <ASC> #13 <ASC>
#27.I <STR> 81 <DEC> #00 <ASC> #17 <ASC> #27.N <STR>
-Handshake default #27.J #27.M50;#00;#10;#13:

16. Note: the Handshake default is a series of HP-GL instructions which are
performed in the beginning of a plot. You can specify one or more HP-GL
instructions per line. Begin the instruction with a > character, followed
immediately by the instruction. Before the > you may insert any comments. After
the > use exclusively HP-GL instructions. Specify special ASCI characters (ESC,
ENQ, CR for instance) as # followed by its numerical equivalent. Provide two
lines in any case (insert empty lines if reqired). The #27.N command is ignored
by HP-7221A. Note: the Handshake default makes use of a command #27.P1: (Set
handshake mode, valid instructions are #27.P0: for none, #27.P1: for Xon-Xoff,
#27.P2: for ENQ/ACK, #27.P3: for hardwire ) that is ignored by the HP-7221
plotter. COSY and SYNDAT may be forced to make delays during plotting a graph.
This is useful if your interface protocol does not work properly, for instance
if the computer does not recieve the interrupt requests sent by the plotter. The
default delay protocol has been successfully used with HP-7221 and HP-7470
plotters. -Which plotter can you use? In principle all those that understand HP-
GL, such as the following: HP-7440 HP-7470 HP-7475 HP-7550 HP-7580 HP-7585 HP-
7586 HP-9872 (?) Additionally you can use the HP-7221. Refer to the manual of
your plotter or just try if you are not sure or if your plotter is not in above
list. -Colors: 16 different colors are supported by COSY, MODFUN and SYNDAT:
black blue green cyan red magenta brown lightgray darkgray lightblue lightgreen
lightcyan lightred lightmagenta yellow white You may use the utility CINST
(section 3-6) to change the colors, or change the color in the COSY.INS file.
CINST takes automatically care about the correct nomenclature and change
COSY.INS accordingly. Use CINST if you are not sure how the colors look on your
monitor. 3-6.The utility CINST. To start CINST type CINST after the DOS prompt
and terminate with <Enter>. On the left side, a

17. vertical color panel will show up, on the right side various labels. Move up and
down the cursor with the arrow keys, until the label on the right side has the
desired color. Then switch the cursor control to the other side by pressing the
space bar. Move up and down the cursor with the arrow keys to activate the
desired item. Note: If you select the black square in the color panel, then the
item on the right side will disappear because the background color is also
black. If you have finished, hit <Enter> to validate the settings, or <Esc> to
leave without changes.If you hit <Enter>, the the graphics panels will show up.
Set the colors in the same way as before. The changes made with CINST will be
saved in COSY.INS. Note: Your computer may crash upon executing CINST if you
specify a spurious graphics driver in COSY.INS. In this case delete COSY.INS
from the current directory and start CINST once more. Note that the AT&T400
adapter is not automatically detected (see section 3-5). 3-7.The utility
MINIEDIT. To start MINIEDIT type MINIEDIT or MINIEDIT and a filename of a text
file after the DOS prompt. If you omit the filename, then MINIEDIT will start
with a blank screen, otherwise the content of the file will be loaded and shown
on the screen. Following operations may be performed with MINIEDIT: -Save the
current text: 'F1-Save' selected from the menu (hit <F1>) will show up the pick
list where the 16 most recent files will be logged, and two options, namely the
file manager and the possibility to enter a file name. The file manager
(default) displays on the left half of the screen a list of all the files
present on the current directory, on the right side a short description of
various commands (See section 4-9). Further commands: <Control><Home> moves the
cursor to the top of the list. <Control><End> moves the cursor to the bottom of
the list. <Control><PgUp> and <Control><PgDn> moves the cursor by five entries.
<Control><S> to toggle between two modes of sorting the list: the first mode
(default) sorts the list alphabetically according to the filename, the second
mode according to the extender. If you hit <Backspace> or <Control><C> then you
have to edit the current filename or path, respectively. The old string will
show up with a text cursor in the middle of the string. Hit <Esc> to remove the
old string and give a new one. Hit <Control><F> to restore the original string.
Hit <Enter> to validate your choice. If you hit <Control><D>, the program will
display "Enter drive" and a list of all drives present in your computer. Enter
one of these drive letters and hit <Enter>. If you select an existing file, the
file manager will ask you whether you want to overwrite it. -Load a text: 'F2-
Load' selected from the menu will show the pick list and the two options, as
described under "Save". The file manager allows you to select a file from the
list of your directory (see section 4-10). -'F3-Incl' allows you to include the
content of a text file between the line containing the cursor and the line
before. -'F4-Prnt' prints the text, with a head line containing the file name
and the page number. If there are numbers like 1-1 present in the text, as it is
the case in the present one, MINIEDIT will log these numbers in the head line.
Inclusion of @@@- will force MINIEDIT to make a new page. Printing may be
interrupted with <Esc>. -'F5-Stol' deletes the line containing the cursor and
appends it to the buffer. The size of the buffer (number of lines present in the
buffer) is given on the top right corner.

18. Bug: MINIEDIT sometimes crashes with an "Invalid pointer operation" error when
this option is carried out. -'F6-Delb' erases the buffer. -'F7-Insb' inserts the
complete content of the buffer between the line containing the cursor and the
line before. -<Alt><H> shows information about further keystroke commands.
-<Alt><I> displays the avaliable memory. MINIEDIT works like any text processing
program. If you reach the right edge of the screen, then MINIEDIT will insert a
new line and place the cursor at the beginning of the new line. If you insert
characters in the middle of a line and the line becomes too long to be
displayed, then MINIEDIT moves the protruding word to a new line. If MINIEDIT
beeps if it is not able to perform an operation (e.g. if there is no memory
left). 3-8.First run. -A quick check whether the programs run on your computer:
copy MODFUN.EXE from one of the distribution disks to your working directory (if
you did not yet copy the programs before) and type MODFUN<Enter> after the DOS
prompt. The screen should show the main menu of MODFUN:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------I
MODFUN - a utility for testing model functions of COSY I I I I 1-Save I I 2-Load
I I 3-Select model function I I 4-Edit parameter I I 5-Define parameter I I 6-
Calculate function I I 7-Switch records I I 8-Show parameter I I 9-Comments I I
10-Quit I I I I version 4.00 (5.9.1990) Model EC-400-00 Author: Marc Eberhard I
I Hit <Enter> for OK, <Esc> for Cancel... I
---------------------------------------------------------------------------If
you the message Program too big to fit in memory then try to remove memory
resident utilities (RAMdisks, Sidekick). MODFUN requires about 240 Kbyte free
memory. The message "Parameter definition file not found" means that the
definition file (defined in the second line of "General installations" in
COSY.INS: see section 3-5) is missing. Copy the file COSY.DFP (the default
definition file, present on one of the distribution disks) into the current
directory in this case. If you have the main menu of MODFUN on the screen, press
<Esc> to exit. MODFUN asks you Do you really want to leave MODFUN? Please
confirm... (Y/N) Press <Y> to leave. Try the programs SYNDAT and COSY in the
same way. Each

19. of them should present first a menu similar to that of MODFUN. If you get the
message "graphic error: ..." you may have defined the wrong graphics driver in
COSY.INS (cf section 3-5). The programs usually crash with undefined run-time
errors or without error message if you force them to use wrong graphics drivers
(cf section 3-5). It's the safest way to define the graphics as "detect" in
order to let the programs to detect the graphics system you are using.