Report in MA App Ling

1. Albert Bandura:Albert Bandura:
Social Cognitive TheorySocial Cognitive Theory
oror
Social Learning TheorySocial Learning Theory
oror
Observational LearningObservational Learning
Ed 501
BABYLEN ARIT-SONERBABYLEN ARIT-SONER

2. Ed 501
Early Life
•Born in 1925 in a rural community
in Alberta, Canada
•Parents were immigrants (Poland
and Ukraine)
•Attended school in an eight room
school house with modest
resources
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
•Comm Media Application

3. Ed 501
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
Academic Career
•Undergraduate studies at University of
British Columbia in Vancouver
•Masters (1951) and Phd (1952) at Iowa
State University
•Completed Masters and PhD in three
years
•Professor at Stanford University since
1953
•Author of over 300 scholarly publications

4. Ed 501
Social Learning theory also known
as observational learning, , occurs
when an observer’s behavior
changes after viewing the behavior
of a model. An observer’s behavior
can be affected by the positive or
negative consequences – called
vicarious reinforcement or vicarious
punishment – of a model’s
behavior. (Bandura 1986)
Social Learning theory also known
as observational learning, , occurs
when an observer’s behavior
changes after viewing the behavior
of a model. An observer’s behavior
can be affected by the positive or
negative consequences – called
vicarious reinforcement or vicarious
punishment – of a model’s
behavior. (Bandura 1986)
Social Learning TheoryTheorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises

5. Ed 501
The social learning theory of
Bandura emphasizes the
importance of observing and
modeling the behaviors, attitudes,
and emotional reactions of others.
Bandura (1977) states: “Learning
would be exceedingly laborious,
not to mention hazardous, if
people had to rely solely on the
effects of their own actions to
inform them what to do.”
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises

6. Ed 501
Most behavior is learned
through observation of other
individuals where an idea is
formed and new behaviors
are demonstrated. This
information is then recalled
and serves as a guide in our
actions.
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises

7. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
Because it encompasses
attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning
theory spans both cognitive
and behavioral frameworks.
(Bandura 1973)

8. Ed 501
Bobo Doll ExperimentsTheorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
•Comm Media Application

9. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
The Bobo Doll Experiment
Albert Bandura is most famous for the
Bobo Doll Experiments. Bandura
believes aggression must explain three
aspects:
How aggressive patterns of behavior
are developed.
What provokes people to behave
aggressively.
What determines whether they are
going to continue to resort to an
aggressive behavior pattern on future
occasions. (Evans, 1989: p.22)

10. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
The Bobo Doll Experiment
Bandura showed that children will alter
their behavior by simply watching
others. In one set of the bobo doll
experiments Bandura used three groups
of children.
Each group watched a film of a model
behaving aggressively towards a “bobo
doll.” But, each of the three films had a
different ending:

11. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
The Bobo Doll Experiment
Group 1 Film Ending - The model in the
film was praised for his aggressive
behavior.
Group 2 Film Ending - The model was
sent to the corner and not allowed to
play with toys.
Group 3 Film Ending - The model
simply walked out of the room.

12. s
Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
The Bobo Doll Experiment
When each group finished watching their
film the children were allowed into a
playroom which included a bobo doll.
Acts of aggression were noted. The
results showed the group of children
who saw the model punished for his
aggressive behavior had the lowest
percent of aggression. The other two
groups had comparably higher
aggression percentages.

13. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
Guiding Principles
There are several guiding principles
behind observational learning:
1.The observer will imitate the model’s
behavior if the model possess
characteristics that the observer finds
attractive or desirable.
2. When the model is rewarded the
observer will mimic. When the model is
punished the observer is less likely to
display the behavior.

14. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
Guiding Principles
3. The observer may learn a behavior
without performing it immediately. The
behavior may be recalled later and then
displayed.
4. There are four-step processes
(attention, retention, reproduction, and
motivation).
5. Human development reflects the
complex interaction of the person, the
person’s behavior, and the environment.
(Bandura 1986)

15. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
Positive vs. Negative
Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
 Observer is likely to repeat a
behavior a model demonstrates.
 Behavior doesn’t matter,
reinforcement received matters.

16. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
Positive vs. Negative
Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
 Observer is less likely to repeat a
behavior a model demonstrates.
 Behavior doesn’t matter,
reinforcement received matters.

17. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
Four-step Pattern
Bandura formulated his findings in a four-step
pattern which combines a cognitive view and
an operant view of learning.
Step 1 – Attention
Something is noticed in the
environment.
Observers must pay attention to learn.
Process influenced by characteristics
of the model.

18. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
Four-step Pattern
Bandura formulated his findings in a four-step
pattern which combines a cognitive view and
an operant view of learning.
Step 2 – Retention
Observer must recognize and remember
the behavior.
Process depends on observers ability to
code information.
the ability to store information is an
important part of the learning process.
Observers must not only recognize the
observed behavior but also remember it at
some later time

19. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
Four-step Pattern
Bandura formulated his findings in a four-step
pattern which combines a cognitive view and
an operant view of learning.
Step 3 – Motor Reproduction Process
once that one paid attention to the
model and retained the information; it is
time to actually perform the behavior
observed.
Observer must be physically and
intellectually capable of producing
action.

20. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
Four-step Pattern
Bandura formulated his findings in a four-step
pattern which combines a cognitive view and
an operant view of learning.
Step 4 – Motivational Process
Observer performs act.
Presence of reinforcement or punishment.
- in order for observational learning to be
successful, you have to be motivated to
imitate the behavior that has been modeled.
The presence of reinforcement or
punishment, either to the model or directly to
the observer, becomes most important in this
process

21. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
Four-step Pattern
Bandura formulated his findings in a four-step
pattern which combines a cognitive view and
an operant view of learning.
Step 4 – Motivational Process
Observer performs act.
Presence of reinforcement or
punishment.

22. Ed 501
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation, social learning theory spans both
cognitive and behavioral frameworks.(Bandura
1973)
Theorist
•Early Life
•Academic Career
Theory
•Major Premises
Classification of Model
Real Life
Symbolic
Representational