Journal of Community Medicine & health care
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Journal of Community Medicine & health care is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all community medicine & health care. The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of community medicine. Journal of Community Medicine & health care accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of community medicine. Journal of Community Medicine & health care strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
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4.1 INFECTIOUS AND NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES
This document discusses infectious and non-infectious diseases. Infectious diseases can be transmitted between people and are caused by pathogens, while non-infectious diseases cannot be transmitted and are caused by genetic or lifestyle factors. Infectious diseases spread through various means such as air, water, contact, and vectors like mosquitoes and flies. Preventive measures are outlined for different types of transmission, including using masks, boiling water, and controlling vector populations. The mechanism to prevent infectious disease spread involves primary, secondary and tertiary stages focusing on host protection, transmission determination, and vector control.
Communicable deseases presentation
Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens that can be passed from person to person through various means of transmission like mucus, blood, breath, saliva, and sexual contact. Pathogens include viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. They can spread through direct contact, indirect contact through vehicles like water or food, or through the air over long distances for some diseases like tuberculosis. Natural disasters can increase the transmission of waterborne diseases if drinking water is contaminated, as seen with outbreaks of diarrheal diseases, hepatitis A, and leptospirosis.
Microbiology examples of pathogens in bsl 4
This document discusses pathogens at BSL-4 level including Ebola virus, smallpox, and hantaviruses. It then describes different modes of disease transmission such as droplet, fecal-oral, sexual, and vector-borne. Droplet transmission occurs when pathogens in cough or sneeze droplets enter another person's body openings. Fecal-oral transmission involves contaminated food or water. Sexual transmission is through sexual contact and fluids. Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by organisms that carry pathogens between hosts. Understanding transmission modes is important for epidemiology.
Communicable diseases
Communicable diseases spread from person to person through various transmission modes like air, water, food, or direct contact. They are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Common communicable diseases include respiratory infections like the common cold, influenza, and pneumonia which spread through droplets or airborne transmission; intestinal infections like cholera and typhoid which spread through contaminated food or water; and other diseases like polio, measles, and chickenpox which spread through direct or indirect contact. Proper hygiene, sanitation, immunization, and health education are important to prevent the spread of communicable diseases.
Disease and its types in microbiology
This document discusses different types of diseases in microbiology. There are four main types: infectious diseases which are caused by microbes like viruses and bacteria; communicable diseases which spread between people; non-communicable diseases which are chronic like cancer and heart disease; and contagious diseases which spread through direct or indirect contact. Infectious diseases can be infectious, acute, chronic, or subclinical. Diseases spread through stages including a reservoir, exit portal, entry portal, and transmission between hosts.
Communicable diseases
Communicable diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through various means such as respiratory droplets, contact with contaminated surfaces, food/water, sexual contact, bites from infected arthropods. The document categorizes and provides details on various communicable diseases including respiratory infections (tuberculosis, chickenpox, measles, influenza), arthropod-borne (malaria, plague), surface infections (rabies, leprosy), intestinal infections (cholera, typhoid), and sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, HIV/AIDS). Prevention strategies outlined include vaccination, proper hygiene and sanitation, early detection and treatment, and avoiding contact with infected individuals and vectors.
Airborne diseases
General principles and epidemiology of airborne diseases. Most of the airborne diseases are vaccine preventable. Overall mortality due to airborne diseases is increased due to Covid 19. Quality of air is important in case of airborne infections.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases, can be transmitted between individuals through various means such as physical contact, contaminated liquids, food, or body fluids. Some examples of communicable diseases mentioned in the document include diphtheria, tuberculosis, plague, cholera, malaria, smallpox, and dysentery. These diseases are spread through different modes like infected food/drinks, discharge, rats/flies, mosquitoes, or personal contact. Preventive measures involve vaccination, sanitation, isolation, eradicating vectors, and safe food/drink handling.
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4.1 INFECTIOUS AND NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES
This document discusses infectious and non-infectious diseases. Infectious diseases can be transmitted between people and are caused by pathogens, while non-infectious diseases cannot be transmitted and are caused by genetic or lifestyle factors. Infectious diseases spread through various means such as air, water, contact, and vectors like mosquitoes and flies. Preventive measures are outlined for different types of transmission, including using masks, boiling water, and controlling vector populations. The mechanism to prevent infectious disease spread involves primary, secondary and tertiary stages focusing on host protection, transmission determination, and vector control.
Communicable deseases presentation
Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens that can be passed from person to person through various means of transmission like mucus, blood, breath, saliva, and sexual contact. Pathogens include viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. They can spread through direct contact, indirect contact through vehicles like water or food, or through the air over long distances for some diseases like tuberculosis. Natural disasters can increase the transmission of waterborne diseases if drinking water is contaminated, as seen with outbreaks of diarrheal diseases, hepatitis A, and leptospirosis.
Microbiology examples of pathogens in bsl 4
This document discusses pathogens at BSL-4 level including Ebola virus, smallpox, and hantaviruses. It then describes different modes of disease transmission such as droplet, fecal-oral, sexual, and vector-borne. Droplet transmission occurs when pathogens in cough or sneeze droplets enter another person's body openings. Fecal-oral transmission involves contaminated food or water. Sexual transmission is through sexual contact and fluids. Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by organisms that carry pathogens between hosts. Understanding transmission modes is important for epidemiology.
Communicable diseases
Communicable diseases spread from person to person through various transmission modes like air, water, food, or direct contact. They are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Common communicable diseases include respiratory infections like the common cold, influenza, and pneumonia which spread through droplets or airborne transmission; intestinal infections like cholera and typhoid which spread through contaminated food or water; and other diseases like polio, measles, and chickenpox which spread through direct or indirect contact. Proper hygiene, sanitation, immunization, and health education are important to prevent the spread of communicable diseases.
Disease and its types in microbiology
This document discusses different types of diseases in microbiology. There are four main types: infectious diseases which are caused by microbes like viruses and bacteria; communicable diseases which spread between people; non-communicable diseases which are chronic like cancer and heart disease; and contagious diseases which spread through direct or indirect contact. Infectious diseases can be infectious, acute, chronic, or subclinical. Diseases spread through stages including a reservoir, exit portal, entry portal, and transmission between hosts.
Communicable diseases
Communicable diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through various means such as respiratory droplets, contact with contaminated surfaces, food/water, sexual contact, bites from infected arthropods. The document categorizes and provides details on various communicable diseases including respiratory infections (tuberculosis, chickenpox, measles, influenza), arthropod-borne (malaria, plague), surface infections (rabies, leprosy), intestinal infections (cholera, typhoid), and sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, HIV/AIDS). Prevention strategies outlined include vaccination, proper hygiene and sanitation, early detection and treatment, and avoiding contact with infected individuals and vectors.
Airborne diseases
General principles and epidemiology of airborne diseases. Most of the airborne diseases are vaccine preventable. Overall mortality due to airborne diseases is increased due to Covid 19. Quality of air is important in case of airborne infections.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases, can be transmitted between individuals through various means such as physical contact, contaminated liquids, food, or body fluids. Some examples of communicable diseases mentioned in the document include diphtheria, tuberculosis, plague, cholera, malaria, smallpox, and dysentery. These diseases are spread through different modes like infected food/drinks, discharge, rats/flies, mosquitoes, or personal contact. Preventive measures involve vaccination, sanitation, isolation, eradicating vectors, and safe food/drink handling.
Definitions, Infectious disease epidemiology
This document defines key terms used in epidemiology and infectious diseases. It defines infection, contamination, infestation, host, infectious disease, contagious disease, communicable disease, epidemic, endemic, pandemic, zoonoses, iatrogenic disease, opportunistic infection, surveillance, eradication, and elimination. Examples are provided for many of the terms to illustrate their meanings in the context of epidemiology.
Disease
The document discusses diseases including their causes, modes of transmission, symptoms, prevention and treatment. It covers diseases caused by bacteria like tuberculosis, cholera, tetanus; diseases caused by protozoa like malaria, amoebic dysentery; diseases caused by parasitic worms like ascariasis and tapeworms. It also discusses viral diseases such as polio, mumps, rabies, HIV/AIDS. It provides details on the causative agents, incubation periods, symptoms and prevention/cure for many of these important communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Medical microbioogy
This document defines various medical microbiology terms and discusses pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa that can cause human disease. It describes how diseases are transmitted through direct contact, indirect contact, vectors, airborne routes, food and water. It provides examples of bacterial diseases affecting different systems of the body and caused by organisms like Streptococcus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria meningitidis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Yersinia pestis, and Treponema pallidum. Viral diseases discussed include influenza, measles, mumps, chickenpox, arboviruses, hepatitis and HIV. F
Common beliefs about the causes of diseases
There is an important distinction among the 3 terms, prevention, control, and eradication. Prevention is of most immediate concern to the individual veterinarian in private practice. Prevention can be defined as inhibiting the introduction of disease into an area, herd, or individual.
Control is a more appropriate term when disease is already present. Control efforts consist of the steps taken to reduce the problem to a tolerable level.
Eradication is the final step in disease control efforts; it consists of complete elimination of the disease-producing agent from a defined geographic region.
- http://www.onemedicine.tuskegee.edu/
Air borne diseases
Airborne diseases can be transmitted via droplets or aerosols inhaled from an infected person. They include viral infections like influenza, measles, and tuberculosis, as well as some bacterial infections. Transmission occurs through direct contact with respiratory droplets or indirect contact with droplet nuclei that remain suspended in the air. Emerging airborne infections of concern include avian influenza, swine flu, SARS, and MERS-CoV. Vaccines exist for many common airborne diseases and public health measures can help control outbreaks.
communicable Diseases
The document provides information about various communicable diseases including Malaria, AIDS, Typhoid, Elephantiasis, Tuberculosis, and Cholera. For each disease, it discusses the causes, symptoms, and methods of prevention. Malaria is spread by mosquitoes and causes shaking chills, fever, and anemia. AIDS is caused by the HIV virus and left untreated can lead to death. Typhoid is caused by Salmonella bacteria and can cause fever, abdominal pain, and rash. Elephantiasis is caused by filarial worms spread through mosquitoes and causes thickened skin. Tuberculosis is a widespread problem that causes cough, weight loss, and fatigue. Cholera, caused
Diseases and injuries
In this presentation I discussed some basic deseases and Injuries like bone fractures, influenza etc.
Diseases Transmitted Through Fecal Oral Route
Diseases transmitted by the fecal-oral route include viral, bacterial, protozoan and helminth infections. Major causes globally and in developing countries include rotavirus, cholera, typhoid, bacterial diarrhea and amoebiasis. Risk factors include lack of access to clean water and sanitation. Prevention strategies center on improving hygiene, water quality and sanitation to break the transmission cycle. Challenges to control include poverty, lack of surveillance and cultural practices.
Communicable diseases, routes of transmission and control
Communicable diseases can be spread directly from person to person through contact or droplets, or indirectly through vectors like mosquitoes or vehicles like contaminated food or water. The key to preventing transmission is breaking the cycle by treating infected individuals, improving hygiene to interrupt transmission routes, or protecting susceptible hosts through vaccination or other preventative measures. Some major global communicable diseases that cause millions of deaths each year spread through respiratory droplets or airborne routes. Controlling communicable diseases requires understanding how the infectious agent, host, and environment interact and taking measures to alter the balance against the agent.
What are airborne diseases
Airborne diseases are spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. Common airborne diseases include the common cold, influenza, chickenpox, mumps, measles, whooping cough, tuberculosis and diphtheria. Symptoms vary but often include coughing, sneezing, fever and fatigue. While most people recover, complications are more likely for those with weak immune systems. Prevention methods include vaccination, avoiding contact with sick individuals, coughing into the elbow and frequent handwashing.
Chapter two cdc course
This document discusses communicable disease transmission and prevention. It defines communicable diseases and outlines the six factors in the chain of disease transmission: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. It then describes the three main levels of disease prevention and three methods for controlling communicable diseases: eliminating the reservoir, interrupting transmission, and protecting susceptible hosts. Examples are provided for each method.
Communicable & non communicable diseases
This document provides an introduction to a course on communicable and non-communicable diseases. The course aims to provide students with knowledge, skills, and attitudes to identify, prevent, and control various diseases. The course objectives are to describe key concepts of communicable diseases, signs and symptoms of communicable and non-communicable diseases, legislation related to diseases, neglected tropical diseases in Zambia, and factors influencing disease transmission and prevention. The course content will cover terminology, communicable disease agents and factors, and introduce communicable diseases.
Communicable disease
This document summarizes several communicable diseases, including tuberculosis, diphtheria, plague, cholera, malaria, and smallpox. It describes the symptoms, modes of transmission, and preventive measures for each disease. Communicable diseases can be transmitted between people or species through liquids, food, body fluids, or contaminated objects. Prevention focuses on vaccination, sanitation, isolation of infected individuals, and eliminating vectors like rats, flies, and mosquitoes.
Who aids hiv staging easy
The document outlines the clinical stages of HIV/AIDS from primary infection through asymptomatic stages to advanced stages involving various opportunistic infections and cancers. It lists common conditions associated with each stage such as lymphadenopathy in Stage 2, weight loss and fevers in Stage 3, and infections like PCP, CMV, toxoplasmosis in Stage 4. The stages progress from asymptomatic to life-threatening illnesses as immune function declines without treatment.
Common communicable diseases and its prevention
This topic is all about common communicable diseases. It includes definition, treatment, and prevention but in a general terminonology.
Prevention of cross infection1
A cross infection occurs when an infection is transferred from one person to another, either between people or via contaminated equipment. Nosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections, develop in patients during their hospital stay from exposure to new pathogens rather than being present on admission. Cross infections in hospitals can happen through various routes of transmission including airborne, vector-borne, direct or indirect contact, or during medical care. Common symptoms include fever, body aches, nausea, low blood pressure, and weakness. Preventative measures incorporate hand washing, protective equipment, cleaning, sterilization, disinfection, and following universal precautions.
Airborne Diseases
This document summarizes several common airborne diseases including the common cold, influenza, tuberculosis, pneumonia, chickenpox, mumps, and measles. For each disease, it describes the causative agent, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications and prevention. The key information provided includes that airborne diseases are spread through the air via coughs, sneezes or talking from infected individuals. Common symptoms vary by disease but often include fever, cough and fatigue. Diagnosis involves medical history and exams while treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications and transmission. Vaccination is the best prevention method for many of these contagious respiratory illnesses.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES medical surgical nursing.pptx
This document provides an overview of communicable diseases and their nursing management. It discusses various infectious diseases like tuberculosis, hepatitis, influenza, and COVID-19. It covers nursing assessments, diagnostic tests, infection control measures, and isolation and quarantine protocols for managing patients with communicable diseases. The document also defines key terms related to communicable diseases, their modes of transmission, and epidemiological concepts like the epidemiological triad. It provides details on tuberculosis, including types like pulmonary and drug-resistant TB.
Infectious diseases
This document provides an overview of infectious diseases. It begins with definitions of key terms like infection, pathogens, and hosts. It then covers classifications of diseases, stages of infectious diseases, and epidemiological aspects. It discusses the transmission of diseases and important historical figures like Koch. It also outlines different types of pathogens, how diseases are produced, and virulence factors. The document concludes with sections on laboratory diagnosis and principles of antibacterial therapy.
Communicable diseases
This document defines communicable diseases and describes various disease-causing microorganisms. It discusses how communicable diseases spread from person to person or between humans and animals. Common routes of transmission include respiratory droplets, contaminated food or water, vectors, and direct or indirect contact. The document also provides descriptions and examples of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, rickettsiae, and parasitic worms that can cause infectious diseases.
disease and transmission control.pptx
This document discusses disease transmission and control. It defines diseases and lists common causes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Factors that influence disease transmission include poor sanitation, hygiene and vaccination. Diseases spread through contact, droplets, airborne, food/water and vectors. The disease transmission cycle involves pathogens, reservoirs, modes of transmission, susceptible hosts and portals of entry/exit. Disease control methods attack the source, interrupt transmission routes and protect susceptible hosts through vaccination and treatment. Prevention levels include primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary approaches.
EPIDEMIOLOGY – COMMUNICABLE DISEASE.pptx
Epidemiology is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in populations and the application of this study to control health problems. The document provides examples of communicable diseases like smallpox, chickenpox, cholera, diphtheria and describes their causative agents, hosts, modes of transmission and signs/symptoms. It also discusses epidemiological concepts like epidemiological triad and provides more detailed descriptions of specific diseases like smallpox, chickenpox, rubella and mumps. The document outlines prevention, treatment and control measures for communicable diseases.
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Definitions, Infectious disease epidemiology
This document defines key terms used in epidemiology and infectious diseases. It defines infection, contamination, infestation, host, infectious disease, contagious disease, communicable disease, epidemic, endemic, pandemic, zoonoses, iatrogenic disease, opportunistic infection, surveillance, eradication, and elimination. Examples are provided for many of the terms to illustrate their meanings in the context of epidemiology.
Disease
The document discusses diseases including their causes, modes of transmission, symptoms, prevention and treatment. It covers diseases caused by bacteria like tuberculosis, cholera, tetanus; diseases caused by protozoa like malaria, amoebic dysentery; diseases caused by parasitic worms like ascariasis and tapeworms. It also discusses viral diseases such as polio, mumps, rabies, HIV/AIDS. It provides details on the causative agents, incubation periods, symptoms and prevention/cure for many of these important communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Medical microbioogy
This document defines various medical microbiology terms and discusses pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa that can cause human disease. It describes how diseases are transmitted through direct contact, indirect contact, vectors, airborne routes, food and water. It provides examples of bacterial diseases affecting different systems of the body and caused by organisms like Streptococcus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria meningitidis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Yersinia pestis, and Treponema pallidum. Viral diseases discussed include influenza, measles, mumps, chickenpox, arboviruses, hepatitis and HIV. F
Common beliefs about the causes of diseases
There is an important distinction among the 3 terms, prevention, control, and eradication. Prevention is of most immediate concern to the individual veterinarian in private practice. Prevention can be defined as inhibiting the introduction of disease into an area, herd, or individual.
Control is a more appropriate term when disease is already present. Control efforts consist of the steps taken to reduce the problem to a tolerable level.
Eradication is the final step in disease control efforts; it consists of complete elimination of the disease-producing agent from a defined geographic region.
- http://www.onemedicine.tuskegee.edu/
Air borne diseases
Airborne diseases can be transmitted via droplets or aerosols inhaled from an infected person. They include viral infections like influenza, measles, and tuberculosis, as well as some bacterial infections. Transmission occurs through direct contact with respiratory droplets or indirect contact with droplet nuclei that remain suspended in the air. Emerging airborne infections of concern include avian influenza, swine flu, SARS, and MERS-CoV. Vaccines exist for many common airborne diseases and public health measures can help control outbreaks.
communicable Diseases
The document provides information about various communicable diseases including Malaria, AIDS, Typhoid, Elephantiasis, Tuberculosis, and Cholera. For each disease, it discusses the causes, symptoms, and methods of prevention. Malaria is spread by mosquitoes and causes shaking chills, fever, and anemia. AIDS is caused by the HIV virus and left untreated can lead to death. Typhoid is caused by Salmonella bacteria and can cause fever, abdominal pain, and rash. Elephantiasis is caused by filarial worms spread through mosquitoes and causes thickened skin. Tuberculosis is a widespread problem that causes cough, weight loss, and fatigue. Cholera, caused
Diseases and injuries
In this presentation I discussed some basic deseases and Injuries like bone fractures, influenza etc.
Diseases Transmitted Through Fecal Oral Route
Diseases transmitted by the fecal-oral route include viral, bacterial, protozoan and helminth infections. Major causes globally and in developing countries include rotavirus, cholera, typhoid, bacterial diarrhea and amoebiasis. Risk factors include lack of access to clean water and sanitation. Prevention strategies center on improving hygiene, water quality and sanitation to break the transmission cycle. Challenges to control include poverty, lack of surveillance and cultural practices.
Communicable diseases, routes of transmission and control
Communicable diseases can be spread directly from person to person through contact or droplets, or indirectly through vectors like mosquitoes or vehicles like contaminated food or water. The key to preventing transmission is breaking the cycle by treating infected individuals, improving hygiene to interrupt transmission routes, or protecting susceptible hosts through vaccination or other preventative measures. Some major global communicable diseases that cause millions of deaths each year spread through respiratory droplets or airborne routes. Controlling communicable diseases requires understanding how the infectious agent, host, and environment interact and taking measures to alter the balance against the agent.
What are airborne diseases
Airborne diseases are spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. Common airborne diseases include the common cold, influenza, chickenpox, mumps, measles, whooping cough, tuberculosis and diphtheria. Symptoms vary but often include coughing, sneezing, fever and fatigue. While most people recover, complications are more likely for those with weak immune systems. Prevention methods include vaccination, avoiding contact with sick individuals, coughing into the elbow and frequent handwashing.
Chapter two cdc course
This document discusses communicable disease transmission and prevention. It defines communicable diseases and outlines the six factors in the chain of disease transmission: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. It then describes the three main levels of disease prevention and three methods for controlling communicable diseases: eliminating the reservoir, interrupting transmission, and protecting susceptible hosts. Examples are provided for each method.
Communicable & non communicable diseases
This document provides an introduction to a course on communicable and non-communicable diseases. The course aims to provide students with knowledge, skills, and attitudes to identify, prevent, and control various diseases. The course objectives are to describe key concepts of communicable diseases, signs and symptoms of communicable and non-communicable diseases, legislation related to diseases, neglected tropical diseases in Zambia, and factors influencing disease transmission and prevention. The course content will cover terminology, communicable disease agents and factors, and introduce communicable diseases.
Communicable disease
This document summarizes several communicable diseases, including tuberculosis, diphtheria, plague, cholera, malaria, and smallpox. It describes the symptoms, modes of transmission, and preventive measures for each disease. Communicable diseases can be transmitted between people or species through liquids, food, body fluids, or contaminated objects. Prevention focuses on vaccination, sanitation, isolation of infected individuals, and eliminating vectors like rats, flies, and mosquitoes.
Who aids hiv staging easy
The document outlines the clinical stages of HIV/AIDS from primary infection through asymptomatic stages to advanced stages involving various opportunistic infections and cancers. It lists common conditions associated with each stage such as lymphadenopathy in Stage 2, weight loss and fevers in Stage 3, and infections like PCP, CMV, toxoplasmosis in Stage 4. The stages progress from asymptomatic to life-threatening illnesses as immune function declines without treatment.
Common communicable diseases and its prevention
This topic is all about common communicable diseases. It includes definition, treatment, and prevention but in a general terminonology.
Prevention of cross infection1
A cross infection occurs when an infection is transferred from one person to another, either between people or via contaminated equipment. Nosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections, develop in patients during their hospital stay from exposure to new pathogens rather than being present on admission. Cross infections in hospitals can happen through various routes of transmission including airborne, vector-borne, direct or indirect contact, or during medical care. Common symptoms include fever, body aches, nausea, low blood pressure, and weakness. Preventative measures incorporate hand washing, protective equipment, cleaning, sterilization, disinfection, and following universal precautions.
Airborne Diseases
This document summarizes several common airborne diseases including the common cold, influenza, tuberculosis, pneumonia, chickenpox, mumps, and measles. For each disease, it describes the causative agent, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications and prevention. The key information provided includes that airborne diseases are spread through the air via coughs, sneezes or talking from infected individuals. Common symptoms vary by disease but often include fever, cough and fatigue. Diagnosis involves medical history and exams while treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications and transmission. Vaccination is the best prevention method for many of these contagious respiratory illnesses.
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This document discusses key concepts in epidemiology and infectious disease transmission. It defines infection, levels of infection like colonization and latent infection, and distinguishes infection from related terms like contamination and pollution. Common modes of disease transmission are also outlined, such as direct contact, droplets, vectors, and vehicles. Epidemiological patterns like endemic, epidemic, pandemic, and sporadic diseases are defined. Maintaining surveillance and breaking chains of infection can help control the spread of disease.
Transmission Of Pathogens
Pathogens can be transmitted directly from one host to another through contact, or indirectly via contaminated foods, air, water or fomites. Direct transmission occurs through contact between infected and uninfected individuals, often through blood, semen or saliva. Indirect transmission involves an agent transferring the pathogen, such as air, water, food, insects or inanimate objects. Reducing transmission can be achieved through proper hand washing, staying home when sick, cleaning surfaces, ventilation, and food preparation safety.
Modes of Transmission
Modes of transmission refer to how an infectious agent is spread from a reservoir host to a new host. There are two main modes: direct transmission which does not require intermediates, and indirect transmission which uses intermediates like air, food, water or other animals/vectors. Direct transmission can occur through touching, sexual contact, biting or projection of respiratory droplets. Indirect transmission has three subtypes: airborne transmission using suspended respiratory droplets, vehicle-borne transmission using contaminated objects, and vector-borne transmission using arthropod vectors like mosquitoes or flies. Understanding the different modes of transmission is important for implementing effective prevention and control measures.
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Prevention Strategies: Education, healthy coping mechanisms, community support, and policies are vital in preventing substance use.
Harm Reduction Strategies: Safe use practices, medication-assisted treatment, and naloxone availability aim to reduce harm.
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2024 HIPAA Compliance Training Guide to the Compliance Officers
Join us for a comprehensive 90-minute lesson designed specifically for Compliance Officers and Practice/Business Managers. This 2024 HIPAA Training session will guide you through the critical steps needed to ensure your practice is fully prepared for upcoming audits. Key updates and significant changes under the Omnibus Rule will be covered, along with the latest applicable updates for 2024.
Key Areas Covered:
Texting and Email Communication: Understand the compliance requirements for electronic communication.
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Medical Messaging and Voice Data: Ensure secure handling of sensitive information.
IT Risk Factors: Identify and mitigate risks related to your IT infrastructure.
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It is a neuromuscular disease characterized by abnormal weakness of voluntary muscles that improved with rest and the administration of anti-cholinesterase drugs.
The person may find difficult to stand, lift objects and speak or swallow. Medications and surgery can help the patient to relieve the symptoms of this lifelong illness.
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- 2. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Communicable diseases spread from one person to the other or from animal to person. The spread or transfer can happen through air, blood, body fluids or contact with contaminated surfaces etc., Examples: cough, cold, HIV etc.,
- 4. METHODS OF TRANSMISSION Direct transmission Indirect transmission Communicable disease perpetuates with continuous transmission of infectious agent from person to person by two methods:
- 5. VARIOUS COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND THEIR MODE OF TRANSFER DISEASES Cholera Typhoid Jaundice Flu Tuberculosis Malaria Tetanus MODE OF TRANSFER Food and water Food and water Food and water Air Air Mosquito bite Bite wound exposed to dust
- 6. DIRECT TRANSMISSION Skin-skin Mucous-mucous Across placenta Through breast milk Sneeze-cough
- 9. TYPES OF PREVENTION Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention
- 10. PRIMARY PREVENTION Increasing the resistance of the host Inactivating the agent Interrupt the chain of the infection Restricting the spread of infection -Isolation -Quarantine -Segregation -Personal surveillance
- 11. SECONDARY PREVENTION Activities targeted at detecting disease at earliest possible time to: -begin treatment -Stop progression -protect the community Examples of activities: case finding, health screening and health education
- 12. TERTIARY PREVENTION All measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities , minimize suffering caused by existing departures from good health and to promote the patients adjustment to irremediable conditions Intervention-late pathogenesis stage Modes of intervention: -Disability limitation -Rehabilitation