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- 1. SCIENCE Form 2KSSM Chapter 4: Human Health
- 2. 4.1 Infectious andNon-infectious Diseases Diseases Infectious diseases Non-infectious diseases • Diseases that can spread from one person to another Diseases that cannot spread from one to another • Caused by infection of pathogens directly through mediums and vectors.
- 3. Diseases Diseases Infectious diseases Non-infectiousdiseases - Influenza - Ringworm - Cholera - Dengue - Cancer - Hypertension - Diabetes - Cardiovascular disease ringworm cancer
- 4. How are infectiousdiseases transmitted? Methods of spreading infectious diseases Vector Water Air Touch
- 5. The cause andtransmission of infectious disease Transmission of diseases through water Cholera spread through water Disease-causing bacteria(pathogens) in patient’s faeces Unwashed hands Contaminated food and drinks Water contaminated by bacteria
- 6. Transmission of diseasesthrough air Tuberculosis (TB), H1N1, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza are transmitted through air. TB is caused by bacteria, whereas H1N1 and SARS are caused by virus. Influenza may be caused by virus or bacteria.
- 7. Transmission of diseasesthrough touch Tinea versicolor is caused by a type of fungus. This disease is infectious. We must take care of our personal hygiene and not share our personal belongings with an infected person. Ringworm (Tinea corporis) is caused by a type of fungus and spreads through direct contact skin of an infected person.
- 8. Transmission of diseasesthrough vector Vectors are agents that carry the diseasing- causing organisms. Dengue, malaria and Zika are transmitted by mosquitoes. Lepstopirosis is transmitted by rats.
- 9. How Aedes mosquitoesspread dengue disease
- 10. The transmission ofZika disease
- 11. The spread ofrat urine disease
- 12. Types of disease,symptoms, pathogens, vectors and ways of infection. Disease symptoms pathogen vectors Ways of infection Malaria Shivering, fever and sweating Plasmodium malarie Female Anopheles mosquito Mosquito bite Cholera Diarrhea and vomiting Vibrio cholerae bacteria fly Contaminated food and water Dengue Joint pain, fever. Headache and watery eyes virus Aedes Mosquito Mosquito bite Zika Fever, rashes, join pain and conjunctivitis virus Aedes Mosquito Mosquito bite Typhoid Fever, intestinal bleeding and red rashes Salmonella typhi bacteria cockroach, fly Contaminated food and water Leptospirosis Fever, headache, muscle pain Leptospira sp. bacteria rat Contaminated soil, food and water
- 13. 4.2 Body Defence Saliva,tears and Mucus breakdown most of bacteria’s cell wall. First line of defence Skin •The human skin is made of a tough layer and it is difficult to be penetrated by microorganisms. •Microorganism can only get into body if there is a wound or if the skin is injured. •Sweat and sebum secreted by the skin contained chemicals that can kill organisms. Mucous Membrane •Mucous membrane is a membrane that lines the digestive tract and respiratory tract. •Microorganism that enter the respiratory tract are filtered by nasal hairs and trapped by mucous lining the nasal cavity. •Earwax, tears and vaginal secretions also function as an antiseptic that kills microorganisms.