factors affecting Individual BEhaviour

1. INDIVIDUAL
BEHAVIOUR
ATUL SHIVA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN COMMERCE
SRI AUROBINDO COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND
MANAGEMENT
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2. The Environment
• Organization
• Work group
• Job
• Personal life
VARIABLES INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL
BEHAVIOR
The Person
• Skills & abilities
• Personality
• Perceptions
• Attitudes
•Values
• Ethics
Behavior
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3. • INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR MEANS SOME
CONCRETE ACTION BY A PERSON.
• THE BEHAVIOR OF AN INDIVIDUAL IS
INFLUENCED BY VARIOUS FACTORS, SOME OF
THE FACTORS LIE WITHIN HIMSELF LIKE HIS
INSTINCTS, PERSONALITY TRAITS, INTERNAL
FEELINGS ETC.. WHILE SOME LIE OUTSIDE
HIM COMPRISING THE EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT OF WHICH HE IS PART.
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4. INTRODUCTION
• THE BEHAVIOUR OF EACH INDIVIDUAL IS
INFLUENCED BY SEVERAL FACTORS
• EVERY INDIVIDUALS HAVE PARTICULARS
MOTIVES, AMBITIONS, PERCEPTIONS AND
ABILITIES.
• TO UNDERSTAND THE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR A
CAREFUL STUDY OF ALL THE FACTORS IS
NECESSARY. 4

5. FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUAL
BEHAVIOUR
1.PERSONAL FACTORS
2.ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
3.ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
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6. 1. PERSONAL FACTORS
a)BIOGRAPHICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
I. PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
II. AGE
III. GENDER
IV.RELIGION
V. MARITAL STATUS
VI.EXPERIENCE
VII.INTELLIGENCE
VIII.ABILITY
b)LEARNED
CHARACTERISTICS
i. PERSONALITY
ii. PERCEPTION
iii. ATTITUDE
iv. VALUES
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7. a) BIOGRAPHICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
• PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS AGE,
GENDER, AND MARITAL STATUS THAT ARE
OBJECTIVE AND EASILY OBTAINED FROM
PERSONNEL RECORDS.
• BIOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS ARE GENERIC
IN NATURE AND ARE INHERITED.
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8. a) BIOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS
a)PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS-
• THESE CHARACTERISTICS ARE RELATED TO HEIGHT, SKIN,
COMPLEXION, VISION, SHAPE AND SIZE.
• WHETHER THERE IS A CORRELATION BETWEEN BODY
STRUCTURE OR NOT HAS BEEN SCIENTIFICALLY PROVEN.
b)AGE-
• THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND JOB PERFORMANCE
IS AN ISSUE OF INCREASING PERFORMANCE.
• PSYCHOLOGICALLY, YOUNG PEOPLE ARE EXPECTED TO BE
MORE ENERGETIC, INNOVATIVE, ADVENTUROUS, AMBITIOUS
AND RISK TAKING.
• WHEREAS OLD PEOPLE ARE SUPPOSED TO BE MORE
CONSERVATIVE, SET THEIR OWN WAY AND LESS
ADAPTABLE.
• THOUGH IT IS INCORRECT TO GENERALIZE IN ALL THE
CASES.
• THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND ABSENTEEISM.
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9. a) BIOGRAPHICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
C) GENDER -
• STUDIES AND RESEARCH HAS PROVED THAT THERE ARE FEW, IF ANY,
IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MAN AND WOMAN THAT WILL AFFECT
THEIR JOB PERFORMANCE.
• GENDER HAS ITS IMPACT ON ABSENTEEISM.
D) RELIGION -
• RELIGION AND RELIGION BASED CULTURES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN
DETERMINING SOME ASPECTS OF INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR. GENERALLY,
RELIGION AND CULTURE ALSO DETERMINES ATTITUDE TOWARDS WORK,
MORAL VALUES AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVES. SOMETIMES, MORE
RELIGIOUS PEOPLE ARE THE MOST CORRUPT AND DISHONEST OR
IMMORAL IN NATURE. THUS, RELIGION AND BEHAVIOUR CAN RARELY BE
GENERALIZED.
E) MARITAL STATUS -
• THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH STUDIES WHICH COULD DRAW ANY
CONCLUSION AS TO WHETHER THERE IS ANY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
MARITAL STATUS AND JOB PERFORMANCE. JOB SATISFACTION, EMPLOYEE
TURNOVER, ABSENTEEISM ARE FEW EXAMPLES RELATED TO MARITAL
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10. a) BIOGRAPHICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
F) EXPERIENCE :-
• IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE A GOOD INDICATOR OF EMPLOYEE
PERFORMANCE.
• THERE IS A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
EXPERIENCE/SENIORITY AND JOB PERFORMANCE.
• THERE IS NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SENIORITY AND
ABSENTEEISM.
G) INTELLIGENCE:-
• WHETHER IT IS AN INHERITED TRAIT OR ACQUIRED TRAIT,
INTELLIGENCE AFFECTS THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE PEOPLE.
SOMETIMES, INTELLIGENT PARENTS HAVE POOR INTELLECT
KIDS AND VICE VERSA. INTELLIGENT PEOPLE ARE GENERALLY
NOT ADAMANT AND STUBBORN, RATHER THEY ARE
CONSIDERED TO BE STABLE AND PREDICTABLE.
H) ABILITY:-
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11. ABILITY
INTELLECTUAL ABILITY:-
THE CAPACITY TO DO
MENTAL ACTIVITIES.
 DIMENSIONS OF INTELLECTUAL
ABILITY
• NUMBER APTITUDE
• VERBAL COMPREHENSION
• PERCEPTUAL SPEED
• INDUCTIVE REASONING
• DEDUCTIVE REASONING
• VISUALIZATION
• MEMORY
• SOMETIMES AN INDIVIDUAL
IS REQUIRED TO PASS ALL
THESE TESTS LIKE MILITARY,
NAVY ETC.
PHYSICAL ABILITIES:- THE
CAPACITY TO DO TASKS
DEMANDING STAMINA,
DEXTERITY, STRENGTH, AND
SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS.
NINE PHYSICAL
ABILITIES
• DYNAMIC STRENGTH
• TRUNK STRENGTH
• STATIC STRENGTH
• EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH
• DYNAMIC FLEXIBILITY
• BODY COORDINATION
• BALANCE
• STAMINA
• TESTED WHILE SELECTION AND
TRAINING
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12. B) LEARNED CHARACTERISTICS
1.PERSONALITY:- PERSONALITY IS DYNAMIC CONCEPT
DESCRIBING THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A
PERSON’S WHOLE PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEM. PERSONALITY
DOESN’T MEAN PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF A PERSON,
SMARTNESS, SMILING FACE AND CHARMING FACE.
IT REFLECTS DOMINANCE, AGGRESSIVENESS, PERSISTENCE
AND REFLEXES EXHIBITED BY AN INDIVIDUAL LIKE PATIENCE,
OPEN MINDEDNESS, EXTROVERTEDNESS REQUIRED IN A
SUCCESSFUL MANAGER.
1.PERCEPTION:- PERCEPTION IS THE VIEWPOINT OF ONE
PERSON INTERPRETS SITUATION. IT IS THE PROCESS BY
WHICH INFORMATION ENTERS OUR MIND AND IS
INTERPRETED IN ORDER TO GIVE SOME SENSIBLE MEANING
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13. B) LEARNED CHARACTERISTICS
3. ATTITUDE:- ATTITUDE EXPRESSES AN INDIVIDUAL’S POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE FEELING
ABOUT SOME OBJECT.
POSITIVE BEHAVIOUR WILL LEAD TOWARDS JOB SATISFACTION, LESS ABSENTEEISM, LOW
TURNOVER, OBEDIENCE TOWARDS RULE OR AUTHORITY.
ATTITUDE MAY BE UNCONSCIOUSLY HELD FOR WHICH WE ARE NOT AWARE (I.E
PREJUDICE). FEELINGS, THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOUR CAN MEASURE THE ATTITUDE OF A
PERSON.
NEGATIVE ATTITUDE CAN BE CHANGED BY SIMPLE PERSUASION, TRAINING AND
COACHING.
4. VALUES:- VALUES CARRIES AN INDIVIDUAL’S IDEAS AS TO WHAT IS RIGHT AND WHAT
IS WRONG. VALUES ARE GLOBAL BELIEFS THAT GUIDE ACTIONS AND JUDGMENTS ACROSS
A VARIETY OF SITUATIONS. VALUES REPRESENTS BASIC CONVICTIONS THAT A SPECIFIC
MODE OF CONDUCT IS PERSONALLY OR SOCIALLY PREFERABLE TO AN OPPOSITE MODE
OF CONDUCT.
- FREEDOM, SELF-RESPECT, HONESTY, OBEDIENCE, EQUALITY.
- ACQUIRED FROM PARENTS, TEACHERS, FRIENDS AND OTHER EXTERNAL FORCES
- VALUE SYSTEM REFLECTIVE OBJECTIVITY AND RATIONALITY
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14. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
• THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IS KNOWN TO HAVE A
CONSIDERABLE IMPACT ON A PERSON’S BEHAVIOUR. A BRIEF
DESCRIPTION OF THE EXTERNAL FACTORS FOLLOWS:-
1.ECONOMIC FACTORS.
a) EMPLOYMENT LEVEL:-THE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
AVAILABLE TO INDIVIDUALS, THE WAGES PAYABLE TO
THEM, THE GENERAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND THE
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AFFECT THE INDIVIDUAL
BEHAVIOUR TO A LARGE EXTENT, EITHER DIRECTLY OR
INDIRECTLY.
b) WAGE RATES:- THE MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS OF EVERY
EMPLOYEE WORKING IN ANY ORGANIZATION IS HIS WAGES.
MONETARY FACTOR IS THE MAJOR FACTOR AFFECTING
THE JOB SATISFACTION OF THE WORKER.
c) TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT:- TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT IS HAVING THE IMPACT ON THE JOB
OPPORTUNITIES. UPGRADED AND INTELLECTUAL
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15. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
2.SOCIO-CULTURE FACTOR :- THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF AN
INDIVIDUAL INCLUDES HIS RELATIONSHIP WITH FAMILY MEMBERS,
FRIENDS, COLLEAGUES, SUPERVISORS AND SUBORDINATES. THE
BEHAVIOUR OF OTHER PEOPLE NOT WITH THE INDIVIDUAL, BUT IN
GENERAL, IS ALSO A PART OF HIS SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.
3.POLITICAL FACTORS :- POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE
COUNTRY WILL AFFECT THE INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR NOT
DIRECTLY, BUT THROUGH SEVERAL OTHER FACTORS. LIKE STABLE
POLITICAL SITUATION MEANS BETTER EMPLOYMENT AND HIGH
LEVEL OF CAPITAL INVESTMENT.
4.LEGAL ENVIRONMENT:- RULES AND LAWS ARE FORMALIZED AND
WRITTEN STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOUR. OBSERVING THE LAWS
VOLUNTARILY ALLOWS FOR PREDICTABILITY OF INDIVIDUAL
BEHAVIOUR.
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16. 3. ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS
• INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR IS LARGELY AFFECTED BY A VARIETY
OF ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEM AND RESOURCES.
1. PHYSICAL FACILITIES:- THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AT
A WORK PLACE IS THE ARRANGEMENT OF PEOPLE AND
THINGS SO THAT IT HAS A POSITIVE INFLUENCE ON
PEOPLE. SOME OF THE INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR WHICH
AFFECT THE INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR ARE NOISE LEVEL,
HEAT , LIGHT, VENTILATION, NATURE OF JOB, OFFICE
FURNISHING, NUMBER OF PEOPLE.
2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND DESIGN:- THESE ARE
CONCERNED WITH THE WAY IN WHICH DIFFERENT
DEPARTMENTS IN THE ORGANIZATIONS ARE SET UP,
WHAT IS THE REPORTING SYSTEM, HOW ARE THE LINE OF
COMMUNICATIONS ARE SET AMONG DIFFERENT LEVEL OF
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17. 3. ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS
3. LEADERSHIP:- THE SYSTEM OF LEADERSHIP IS
ESTABLISHED IS ESTABLISHED BY THE MANAGEMENT
TO PROVIDE DIRECTION, ASSISTANCE, ADVICE AND
COACHING TO INDIVIDUALS. INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR IS
INFLUENCED BY THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE LEADERS AND
SUPERIORS.
4. REWARD SYSTEM:- THE BEHAVIOUR AND
PERFORMANCE OF THE INDIVIDUALS IS ALSO
INFLUENCED BY THE REWARD SYSTEM ESTABLISHED BY
THE ORGANIZATION TO COMPENSATE THEIR
EMPLOYEES. 17

18. THANKS FOR PATIENT
LISTENING
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