The document discusses assurance in program and project management. It first notes that while the science of program/project management is well known, challenges still arise due to human factors. It then discusses how assurance is meant to guarantee successful optimization and delivery of business benefits from programs/projects, but definitions of assurance can vary. Finally, it proposes an approach to integrated assurance that includes appointing an integrated assurance lead and using rapid assessments across nine dimensions to provide ongoing support and advice to the program delivery team.