Psychological Disorder Essay

Psychological Disorder Essay
1.What is a psychological disorder, and what differentiates abnormal behavior from normal behavior? Psychological disorder or a mental disorder is
like a pattern of behavior that is not common in most people, it also causes significant personal distress and stop people from acting normally or have
them react or not being about to function properly. Abnormal behavior is overreactions, untraditional behavior, aggressiveness ability to comprehend
direction and order. 2.How does pathological anxiety differ from normal anxiety? The differences between normal anxiety and pathological anxiety is
that pathological cannot be controlled and be more of a problem than the normal anxiety. A pathological anxiety is irrational, uncontrollable, and
disruptive.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some common obsessions and compulsions are pressing a button various times, organizing anything with labels certain ways, or constantly counting
or repeating things out loud. Some more common obsessions are counting, washing, sexual thoughts and many more. 5.What factors contribute to
the development of mood disorders? Genetic predispositions, stress, and disruptions in the brain and the have been known to affect depression.
Some factors that contribute to the development of mood disorders are that sometimes it is passed on by blood or genes sometimes the brain does
not have certain chemicals and that always makes people have disorders. Traumatic events, even minor ones can trigger the disorder to worsen or
can be created. 6.What four key features define anorexia nervosa? The four key features that define anorexia nervosa are all based on the way we
look at our bodies.1.The person refuses to maintain a minimally normal body weight. 2. The person being dangerously underweight is intensely afraid
of gaining weight or becoming fat. 3. The person has a distorted perception about the size of their body, looking at themselves and seeing themselves
as obese or fat but actually not. 4. Denial of the seriousness of the actual weight they are. All of which are how one like at their body and what they
think about
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Research Paper
WHAT IS POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER? (PTSD)
"For God has not given us a spirit of fear but of power and of love and of sound mind." ( 2 Timothy 1:7, NKJV).
Suppose that each day one of the biggest challenges you face is the fear and pain of leaving the safety1 and comfort of your home. Presume you fear
that elements around you might trigger flashbacks from your past traumatic experience. Suppose you fear going shopping, to restaurants, and mingling
with crowds. Assume that you fear the possibility of panic attacks and emotional outburst. Imagine you are stuck in a mire of emotions, grief,
depression, and anxiety. Suppose your old self is gone, and you feel dead inside, without a soul. Suppose an invisible entity is in control of your life. ...
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(2.) Acute stress disorder is characterized by panic, mental confusion, dissociation, severe insomnia, suspiciousness, and being unable to manage even
basic self–care, work, and relationship activities.
(3.) Uncomplicated PTSD Typically involves re–experiencing the traumatic event, avoidance, emotional numbing, and symptoms of increased arousal.
(4.) Comorbid PTSD usually associated with at least one other major psychiatric disorder such as depression, alcohol, or substance abuse and anxiety
disorders.
(5.) Complex PTSD, exposure to prolonged traumatic circumstances, especially during childhood, such as childhood sexual abuse.
This mental affliction chains individuals to their past; they become stuck unable to escape the hurt and pain. This horrible illness attacks the injured
party's body spiritually, morally, emotionally, mentally, and physically.
THE HANNAH DIXON

Prevention Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
"Prevention of PTSD in Soldiers Returning from Afghanistan/Iraq" seeks to discuss the correct treatments and solutions to prevent this disorder. The
starting point of the discursion is the definition and actual classification of this disorder, and also the concept of some solutions such as hypnosis as an
option, or solution from a cognitive–behavior perspective. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been really controversial since many years
ago now. Nowadays, scientifics and researchers had proposed a series of several pharmacological treatments that may be helpful to reduce the impact of
trauma exposure. The discussion also includes a number of other psychological interventions that have been useful in the prevention of PTSD. ... Show
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When a person is faced with an experience that has to do with personal tragedies, environmental disasters, or wars, they must continue their lives and
cannot do it like before because their emotional life is altered. It is observed from avoidance behaviors to behaviors both poles of hyperarousal
emotional response limit performance of the person in their life or immediately after the event lived.
Diagnostic
The most widely used instruments for the assessment of symptoms related to PTSD have usually been self–reports, among which we find two types of
assessment tools, interviews and questionnaires, inventories and scales. Additionally, today researchers have turned their attention to finding
characteristic psychophysiological and neurobiological markers of patients with PTSD. The community–based studies reveal that the overall
prevalence of PTSD ranges are between 1 and 14%, explaining this variability by the diagnostic criteria used and the type of population studied.
(Norris, F., & Slone, L., 2013). In studies of individuals at risk (eg, war veterans, victims of volcanic eruptions or terrorist attacks) can be found
prevalence rates ranging from 3 to 58%. It is estimated that amounts to 40 percent in very violent neighborhoods.
Treatment
Treatment of PTSD has always been difficult and complex,

Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Treatment
Trauma–Focused Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Susan
Teddrick A. McCreary
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology
Trauma–Focused Cognitive Behavioral Treatment
Introduction
Trauma–Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF–CBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach that involves conjoint therapy sessions of with the child
and the parent. This approach is employed among children and/or adolescents that are experiencing emotional and behavioral difficulties that are
significant and related to life events that are traumatic (Cohen, Mannarino, & Deblinger, 2012). TF–CBT is a components–based model of treatment
that includes intervention that are trauma–sensitive and cognitive behavioral, family and humanistic therapy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Q.1
Trauma–Informed Assessment of Susan
Trauma–informed assessment comprises of the evaluation of the means by which the functioning of a child or youth might have been affected due a
traumatic experience (Kerig, 2013). Three dimensions exist of trauma that the Trauma–Informed assessment might focus on. These include whether the
child or youth has been exposed to events that are potentially traumatizing and whether displays symptoms that are linked to post traumatic stress.
Finally, whether the youth meets the criteria for a formal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis as indicated in DSM–IV (Kerig, 2013).
Based on the case study provided Susan has qualifies as a youth that has had a traumatic experience on all three levels of focus in a trauma–informed
assessment. Susan has been exposed to events that are traumatic. These are, for example, she has been for a long time been sexually abused by her
father and her father frequently physically abused her mother over trivial issues and she even witnessed her parents fighting to the extent that her
mother was hospitalized due to a head injury inflicted by her father. In addition, Susan displays symptoms that are linked to post traumatic stress
disorder. These include the continuous engagement in daily physical altercations, sleeping difficulties, development of depression, drug
experimentation, and aggressive behavior

The Negative Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
When a man or a women returns from a combat deployment overseas they come and everyone is happy to see them, and this has been happening
since the war in Iraq and Afghanistan wars started. But what they don't realize is that that man or woman may not be so happy to be home but they
don't quite understand why. After past wars such as World War I this type of thing was called war fatigue and they were told they were fine. But this
isn't the cause in many men and women returning home from today's wars. Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder can result from a number of different
traumatic events, but the intensity and duration of some people's reactions can be quite different but that also has many factors. The negative effects of
Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder is affecting families and the effects it has on families of patients. Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder isn't something new
that has just appeared it's something people have been dealing with for as long as we have understood what it really is. When a father or a mother
comes home from war, their children might not understand why mom or dad is always angry now or why they yell so much, verbal abuse and
physical abuse is something that has become very common in people with PTSD. With this the spouse or loved one may suffer the same or similar
abuse while just trying to care for a loved one not understanding why they may be this way. Another one of many ways PTSD is affecting family's is
the divorce rates have gone up and a

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )
Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder and its Relation to Military Service Members Brianna C. Smith Paine College Abstract This paper explores
post–traumatic stress and how it is seen as a disorder. Post–traumatic stress can manifest into post–traumatic stress disorder. The evaluation and review
books and articles seem to reveal a relation to these symptoms and military member, either active or non–active veterans. These symptoms do not
manifest strictly into the full–extent of the disorder in all cases of military, however, things such as depression and other physical symptoms are
discussed through the readings. The end result is that we discovered that through the readings PTSD will in fact lead to suicide if left untreated.
Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder and its Relation to Military Service Members This paper explores post–traumatic stress and how it is seen as a
disorder. Post–traumatic stress can manifest into post–traumatic stress disorder. According to Sareen (2014), Post–traumatic stress disorder is defined
in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM–5 as having 4 core features that are as follows. First, the person must witness or
experience a stressful event. Secondly, the person or persons would re–experience symptoms of the event that include nightmares and/or flashbacks.
The person or persons would also have hyper arousal symptoms, such as concentrations problems, irritability, and sleep disturbance. The final core
feature dictates

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be a very serious and debilitating condition that occurs after a person has been exposed to a terrifying event
or ordeal in which grave physical danger happened or was threatened. The kinds of traumatic events triggering PTSD in people include violent personal
assaults (rape, mugging), natural disasters (hurricanes, tornadoes), man–made disasters (bombings), accidents or military combat. People who suffer
from PTSD often relive the experience through nightmares and flashbacks, have difficulty sleeping, and feel detached or estranged, and these
symptoms can be severe enough and last long enough to significantly impair a person's daily life. PTSD is a complicated ... Show more content on
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Rates of PTSD are much higher in post–conflict settings such as Algeria (37%), Cambodia (28%), Ethiopia (16%), and Gaza (18%)(de Jong et al.,
2001).
The first stressor criterion specifies that a person has been exposed to a catastrophic event involving actual or threatened death or injury. The second
criterion, or intrusive recollection, includes symptoms that are distinctive and easily identified of PTSD. These emotions manifest in daytime fantasies,
traumatic nightmares, and psychotic reenactments know as flashbacks. The third criteria, avoidant/numbing, consists of symptoms that reflect
behavioral, cognitive, or emotional strategies the PTSD patients use in an attempt to reduce the likelihood that they will expose themselves to
trauma–related stimuli. The fourth criteria, hyper–arousal, most closely resembles those seen in panic and generalized anxiety disorders. While
symptoms such as insomnia and irritability are generic anxiety symptoms, hyper–vigilance and startle are more characteristic of PTSD. The fifth
criteria, duration, specifies how long symptoms must persist in order to qualify for a PTSD diagnosis. The last criteria, functional significance, specify
that the survivor must experience significant social, occupational, or other distress as a result of these symptoms. Since 1980, there has been a great
deal of attention devoted

PTSD in Catcher in the Rye Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is most commonly thought of as an illness men and women acquire from experiences
while serving in the wars. Some do not even know what it is or how much it affects people 's lives. In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger
helps to convey what Post Traumatic Stress Disorder really is. PTSD is a curable condition triggered by a traumatic event with many types, causes, and
symptoms displayed by Holden Caulfield.
All of the people who suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder have described the events causing this condition as frightening and stressful. "PTSD
develops in about 1 in 3 people who experience severe trauma" ("Post–traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – Causes"). It is a common disorder and
different people come upon it in a variety of ways. In most cases, events responsible for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder occur in the person's early
life and in people who have a history of mental illnesses such as depression or anxiety. Also, most patients have always had trouble coping with
tragedies and do not have very much support around the time of the trauma ("Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)"). This condition can develop in
different amounts of time following the situation, depending on the person. It can begin immediately after, weeks, months, or even years later
("Post–traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – Causes"). Examples of the causes entail witnessing violent deaths, sexual abuse,

Sexual Assault Among Women In the United States Essay
Sexual Assault Among Women In the United States
Sexual Assault described in technical terms is defined as any sort of sexual activity between two or more people in which one of the people involved is
involved against his or her will. (3) The description of "against his or her will" extends to varying degrees of aggression, ranging from indirect pressure
to a direct physical attack. According to the Crime Victim Research and Treatment Center 1.3 adult women are sexually assaulted in the United States
every minute. (1) Of these assaults 84% of the attacks occur by someone the victim knows. The Senate Judiciary Committee the United States sighted
the United States as having the highest rate of sexual assaults per capita in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a woman tries to repress her psychological response, does she develop a physical reaction? One type of disorder that develops among many women
who have experienced sexual assault is called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. While the exact symptoms, and the length that PTSD lasts
varies, the disorder is found among many victims of sexual assault.
The symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder vary. They can include an increased level of anxiety, which can result in difficulty sleeping,
concentrating, and an exaggerated response to noise. PTSD can affect a woman who has experienced sexual assault ability to remember past
events, in particular events associated with her assault. (2) PTSD can cause feelings of detachment and numbness, as well as a desire to avoid
anything that the victim might associate with her assault. While doctors have been able to identify the symptoms in many victims of sexual assault
the exact cause of the disorder is still questioned. Is the disorder the body's response to trauma? If so what relationship exists between the
symptoms associated with PTSD as trauma? A strong correlation has been found between sufferers of PTSD and poor health. (3) PTSD can lead to
depression and sickness. PTSD if not treated can also indirectly cause accidents that can affect a victim's health. These accidents can be the result
high levels of anxiety, of a lack of ability to focus, and a lack of ability to respond.
Post

The Benefits Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
The level of stress that come from Traumatic events contribute a series of psycho– emotions and physiopatholigical consequences. Traumatic stress is a
common term for reactive anxiety and depression, it is an unfortunate experience of everyday life and can arise from exposure to war crime etc.
(PTSD), or Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, is a psychiatric disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of a life–threatening events
such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious accidents, or physical or sexual assault in adult or childhood. PTSD is a relatively
recent diagnosis, first becoming a formal diagnostic category. Most people who suffer from PTSD relive the experience through nightmare at the same
time some do survive the trauma and return to normalcy giving little time, Post Traumatic stress disorder is a very serious public health concerns that
not only need to be address but should compels searcher to deepen their understanding of the condition and to develop new and improved modes of
treatment and intervention.

United States Military Soldiers Suffer
Many United States military soldiers suffer, not only from health issues, but also physical workload and finding jobs outside of the military. Many
soldiers have lost limbs, and tore their bodies apart for what they believe in. A soldier sacrifices his life, his family, and his career for our life, family
and careers. The sacrifices made by the soldier that gives everything up is irreplaceable and once they sign their names to that contract there is no
going back. Many soldiers have health problems. On August 31, 2010 President Obama announced that operation Iraqi freedom was ended. Statistics
show that 4,412 service men had died and 31,939 servicemen were injured during the course of this war (Military). In 2011 there were two ... Show
Studies have shown that 8,000 soldiers are thought to die by suicide every year, thats Twenty–two per day(Military Bonds)! A study has also shown that
fourteen percent of men have contemplated suicide, while a little over five percent had planned it out and two and a half percent had actually
attempted it one or more times. The rate of major depression is five times higher than that of an average American(Military Bonds). Post Traumatic
Stress disorder is a mental health condition triggered by the result of seeing something terrifying, it makes the person experience emotional distress,
loss of interest, guilt, the inability to feel pleasure they may become irritable, aggressive and may not be able to sleep at night(Veterans Statistics).
PTSD can also make the person have thoughts of suicide or unwanted thoughts. PTSD can occur over time after being home from a deployment and a
study shows that nine percent of military personnel have PTSD shortly after returning home from a deployment, but looking at the same troops a year
later thirty–one percent had claimed to suffer from PTSD(Veterans Statistics). A study shows that between five and twenty percent have had PTSD
prevalence without help, but fifty percent of people who seek help prevailing over the mental illness(Veterans Statistics) PTSD is the third most
prevalent psychiatric

Dreaming and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: The Connection
Introduction According to the dictionary diagnosis in PsychCentral, Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder is defined as a "debilitating mental disorder that
follows experiencing or witnessing an extremely traumatic, tragic, or terrifying event" (PTSD Info & Treatment, 2013). While this definition describes
the general definition of PTSD, the DSM–IV states that the criteria for being diagnosed with PTSD varies between a person who "experienced,
witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of
self or others" and/or "the person's response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror" (DSM–IV, Appendix E). Such experiences can include
various... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because this process in the brain is so sensitive, lots of things can alter it and mess with the "creation and storage" as well everything that makes the
thinking part of the brain conscious (Howard & Crandall, page 10). If something does interfere or disrupt with the regulatory processes of the brain,
such as danger, or any traumatic experience in this case, the amygdala determines that danger is present. Trauma will trigger the "flight or fight"
sequence as well as set off stress hormones that raise adrenaline, including blood pressure and heart rate. While one interference, depending on the
amount of fear a person has, may not hurt the brain at once, "if the trauma is prolonged, extreme or repetitive, it can physically injure the brain"
(Howard & Crandall, page 14). In the process of damaging the brain, there will be damages done to the automatic system as well, including
disturbances in sleep, such as dreams or nightmares. Trauma and Dreams Because the brain is now "injured", trauma can eventually turn into PTSD
through the body becoming "stuck" in the alert stage brought on by the amygdala, or in "hyperarousal" (Herman, 1997), which keeps the body from
creating a balanced combination of chemicals in the brain and between the systems in the body. While we know that most dreams correlating with
PTSD are usually reenactments or similar situations to the experience of trauma they have had themselves, why is it that these memories are connected

Carl Rogers And The Humanistic Psychology Movement Essay
The field of psychology has evolved considerably in the last century and Carl Rogers (1902–1987) has been one of the most influential figures
contributing to its growth. Rogers is considered by many to be the leader of the humanistic psychology movement. He spent the majority of his
professional career demonstrating "how supportive, growth–producing conditions can unleash healing, responsible self–direction, and creativity in
individuals and groups in all walks of life" (Kirschenbaum, 2004, p.121). Today, more than half a century after publishing his theories, Rogers'
conditions for effective therapy have continued to serve as a foundation for mental health professionals around the world, regardless of their theoretical
orientations.
Rogers' Early Years
Rogers grew up in the Midwest with his parents, four brothers, and sister. His parents were extremely conservative Protestants. They led family
prayers on a daily basis and made every attempt to protect their children from the corrupt influences in society (Kirschenbaum, 2004). Rogers was a
sensitive child and was easily hurt by his family's teasing; however, expressing feelings was not encouraged in the Rogers' household (Kirschenbaum,
2004). These early experiences Rogers experienced with his family may be the most influential aspects of his childhood that contributed to the
development of his theories and the importance of understanding the subjective inner experience of the client.
Rogers' Education
When he was a

Shell Shock And PTSD In Vimy By Vern Thiessen
The Mind at War Men and women, alike, have been fighting for their rights and freedoms over many centuries. Due to the gruesome acts carried out
and witnessed, these wars can inflict psychological damage to such combatants. Post–traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition where one has
been traumatized by something in their past. This ordeal disrupts sleep and causes the continuous vivid recollection of the upsetting event on a daily
basis for the victims (Jones 17). Countless times, these soldiers return to their families and friends totally changed. In the First World War, PTSD was
unrecognized and was poorly diagnosed as shell shock, which is a term discussed multiple times in the play Vimy by Vern Thiessen. The men in her
play faced... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shell shock and PTSD are very similar when symptoms are concerned. Shell shock is considered to be "an intellectual forerunner to PTSD" according
to Doctor Stephen Joseph from the University of Nottingham (Joseph). PTSD is defined by a modern criterion created by the American Psychiatric
Association. The first set of criteria includes either exposure to death, threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in some way (Jones 19). The
second criterion involves re–living the experience either through nightmares, flashbacks, upsetting memories, or other occurrences. There must be a
stimulus causing the re–experiencing of the trauma (American Psychiatric Association). The person must have, according to the US Department of
Veterans Affairs, negative thoughts or feelings and trauma–related provocation and reactivity that began or are worsened after the trauma (American
Psychiatric Association). These symptoms must last for over one month, cause distress or impairment to the person, and must not be the result of
substance use or medication (American Psychiatric Association). If all these are met, then the USA declares the person to have PTSD and are
counseled. This was not the case in the First World War. Thiessen depicts this in her play, Vimy, most noticeably when Clare speaks to Laurie. Clare
brings up the topic and immediately Laurie becomes upset. He demonstrates multiple PTSD symptoms such as upsetting memories, re–experiencing
trauma, negative thoughts about his life, long–lasting symptoms, and he is clearly distressed. Clare, the nurse, is frightened by what Laurie has
experienced, but does nothing to help because she does not know how. He clearly states: "You're not just getting me. You're getting all the... mess
what's inside me now. And it ain't never going to leave" (Thiessen 16). PTSD is something that will haunt Laurie for the rest of his

Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder is caused by Physiological Changes in the Brain
People who have been in combat overseas are usually involved in some sort of traumatic or life threatening event. Therefore, the majority come
home with some type of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder also known as PTSD. For the most part soldiers find a way of going around the question
and tell doctors they do not have PTSD, they are in good health. Consequently, for those in the military there will always be the stigma of appearing
weak for trying to get help. Soldiers will always be concerned with the stigma of PTSD following them and tarnishing the rest of their career. They
truly need to be familiar with what is happening to their brain and the hazards of not seeking help. Furthermore, scientific research will show Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder is caused by physiological changes in the brain directly correlated with a traumatic event. It does not mean something is
wrong with them. However, they should seek medical help from a doctor to see all the option they have to get help though this tough transition.
In order to help our brothers and sisters, we must attempt to understand what Post Traumatic Stress disorder actually is. We have to look at what areas
of the brain are affected. There are three regions of your brain that become agitated and begin to change due to post traumatic stress, the hippocampus,
amygdale, and the medial prefrontal cortex. The region that is affected the most from

The Horrific World of Bullying Essay
On January 23, 2014, Michael Morones, an 11–year–old from Raleigh, North Carolina, attempted to take his own life by hanging himself. This attempt
failed, and he is now in the hospital with severe brain, heart and lung injuries. Why did he try to take his own life? Michael is a huge fan of My Little
Pony and is a proud member of the Bronies, or Bro–Ponies club. He has been made fun of and taunted by his classmates for this reason. He was told
that it doesn't matter what anyone else thinks, but that didn't stop it from bothering him and leading him to attempt suicide. This isn't the only incident
that has happened. In grades 6–12, 28 percent of students say they have experienced bullying; 20 percent of them being in grades 9–12 alone ... Show
Punching, kicking, hitting, pushing, and tripping are all characteristics of such bullying.
Cyberbullying has become one of the biggest problems in bullying for the 21st century because of the new technology that has developed.
Cyberbullying is bullying using technology or social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter. "Cyberbullying often violates the terms of
service established by social media and internet service providers" (Report Cyberbullying). Bullying can happen anywhere at anytime. The most
common places where bullying happens is at school, at work, on a bus, on the playground and the internet. Bullying happens 24/7. It can happen
during school or work, after school or work, traveling to or from school or work, or even in the comfort of your own home. A lot of times bullies
become bullies because their home life isn't the most ideal. When a child is pushed around or made fun of at home, he or she may adopt that
behavior and exhibit it toward others. "In a culture that is fascinated with winning, power and violence, some experts suggest that it is unrealistic to
expect that people will not be influenced to seek power through violence in their own lives" (Why Do People) A lot of children experience bullying
because of the way they look or act. Overweight is one of the most commonly known reasons for being bullied. Another very common reason is being
what the bully would consider "ugly" or unattractive. Not having very many friends or being

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay
This paper focuses on women who are survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) and today struggle with a complex set of symptoms known as Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). For pastors who intend to provide help, an integrated multidimensional treatment plan flows from a thorough
assessment and accurate diagnosis. Discussed herein are three treatment options including individual, group and cognitive processing therapy and the
integration of a Christian perspective regarding symptom mitigation to assist in gaining a better understanding of redemptive care. Ashley is 60 years
old. She is the middle child of three sisters. Ashley reported that when she was growing up, her father abused her. She was also abused by her sister in
the way she was setting up situations for Ashley to be raped or beaten. Ashley has great feelings of betrayal toward her father, mother, and sister. Her
mother confessed to Ashely that she caught her husband when he was sexually molesting her oldest daughter. Ashley is angry that her mother did not
stop the abuse, and she did not protect her and her sister. Ultimately, Ashley is angry that her mother was dependent on her father, and she did not even
consider separating from him. Ashley reported feelings of entrapment, depression, anxiety, nightmares, intrusive thoughts, flashbacks and helplessness
and powerlessness as a child that led her to become preoccupied with remaining in control of situations as an adult. (Karakurt & Silver, 2014, p. 83)

Introduction. In This Paper, I Am Going To Talk About Acute
Introduction
In this paper, I am going to talk about Acute Stress Disorder and how it affects the daily lives of people who have it. What exactly is Acute Stress
Disorder? According to Steve Bressert, a doctor in philosophy, ASD is:
Acute Stress Disorder is characterized by the development of severe anxiety, dissociative, and other symptoms that occurs within one month after
exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor (e.g., witnessing a death or serious accident). As a response to the traumatic event, the individual develops
dissociative symptoms. Individuals with Acute Stress Disorder have a decrease in emotional responsiveness. (Bressert, 2016)
Discussing Acute Stress Disorder
The psychological disorder Acute Stress Disorder is a form of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ASD in Adults
It is known that 80% of adults in the United States have experienced trauma at least once in their lives. I simply cannot imagine an adult going
through this, but it must be more difficult for children to overcome it. It is not common for older adults to develop ASD, as they have most likely
learned how to cope with stressful events. Experiencing a traumatic event at a young age can most likely lead to developing ASD in adulthood. ASD
in adulthood can easily develop into a more complex psychological disorder known as PTSD. A treatment that can help adults isCognitive Behavioral
Therapy, which can reduce the trauma. This treatment is usually used and is more effective in children rather than adults. Another type of treatment is
Eye Movement Desensitisation and reprocessing, (EMDR). EMDR is a type of therapy treatment that can help people recover from their emotional
distress in life. This type of therapy has been proven to be very effective in most cases, and is still used.
ASD in Children
According to the website Minddisorders.com, children do in fact suffer from ASD, but not as much as adults do. For example:
Very little is known about the prevalence of ASD or PTSD in children, and even less is known how effectively medications and psychotherapy treat
these disorders in this age group. There are as yet no standardized screens or diagnostic interviews in widespread use for assessing either ASD or
PTSD in children, although a Child Post–Traumatic

Dysfunction In Families
The percentage of military veterans seeking help for Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has increased from 4% in 2006 to 12% in 2010 (Palinkas
and Link 386). Too often combat veterans are discharged and left struggling with their drastically changed lives. PTSD also affects other people who
are in the veterans' lives. It is necessary that our country acknowledge the severity of PTSD and offer accessible help to veterans and their families.
PTSD is a growing problem today, but it is not new. For decades, families have dealt with PTSD resulting from traumatic experiences associated with
military operations (Xue et al. 1– 2). Military PTSD is when veterans develop "a complex and chronic disorder caused by exposure to a traumatic
event," commonly... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Military occupations and training are not always transferable to the civilian workforce," though there are many opportunities that would help if
supported by people in society ("National Coalition for Homeless Veterans"). Likewise, more support in society could help decrease the numbers of
incarcerated veterans. A report released in 2007 by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, estimated 140,000 veterans were held in both state and federal
prisons ("National Coalition for Homeless Veterans"). State prisons held 54% of veterans that reported "service during a wartime era" and 20% of
veterans who saw combat ("National Coalition for Homeless Veterans"). Two–thirds of veterans in federal prisons had served during wartime while
one–quarter of veterans had seen combat ("National Coalition for Homeless Veterans"). Many of these veterans were not criminals prior to combat
with "six in 10 incarcerated veterans" receiving honorable discharges from the military ("National Coalition for Homeless Veterans"). In state prison,
"veterans had shorter criminal histories" than other inmates who were not veterans ("National Coalition for Homeless Veterans"). This shows a
significant number of incarcerated veterans were affected deeply by their military experiences and possibly diagnosed with

The Effects Of Interpersonal Trauma And Disruption Of...
Developmental Trauma or Developmental Psychopathology researched by Maughan & Cicchetti (2002) report on the consequences of interpersonal
trauma and disruption of caregiving systems on the development of affect regulation, attention, cognition, perception, and interpersonal relationships.
Ећar (2014: 171–179) states that research into patients with dissociatve disorders report the highest prevalance of childhood abuse and/or neglect of all
mental health disorders and asserts that dissociation can result from deep–rooted developmental stress. This project will concentrate on the links in
developmental trauma with the forming of dissociative traits and discuss whether dissociation is essentially related to the developing self. An in
depth look at what is developmental trauma and the aetiology of dissociation will be covered. Using clinical examples, the implications for clinical
practice in child psychotherapy will be considered. There is not scope here to look at each dissociative phenomena in great depth so this project will
concentrate on dissociation as a whole.
Developmental Trauma, the Key Aspects
Trauma or traumata as described in Rycroft (1995) 'are experiences which disrupt or pervert development.' They define it as 'any unexpected experience
which the subject is unable to assimilate.' Developmental, or as it is sometimes called, complex trauma, is concerned with a child's prolonged exposure
to traumatic events such as, neglect, abuse, abandonment, violence and

What Are Invisible Wounds Of War?
What are invisible wounds of war? Compare and contrast the differences between PTSD and TBI. Discuss treatment for these two injuries, including
the role of social workers. Ann Lee California State University, Sacramento Social work 191 Professor Lial March 12, 2016 Invisible wounds of war
Invisible wounds of war are psychological and cognitive injuries; a deep scar that others cannot see or feel their pain. According to Pryce, Pryce, and
Shackelford (2012), War produces undetectable injuries, and the present wars bear this out. The mark undetectable injuries connected with the present
clashes require huge and frequently long haul treatment and rearrangement and reintegration of the war veteran to society (pg.11). Within... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Numerous others endure physical injuries and wounds that are not generally noticeable. On account of changes in clearing strategies, body defensive
player, and war zone prescription, numerous which might have kicked the bucket, can now be spared. A significant number of these injuries are
regularly joined by tireless physical torment, and might frequently be confounded by Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Depression. Seeing
the demise and harm of companions and associates can turn out to be both mentally and physically harming. Untreated or undertreated, these
imperceptible injuries can influence the person, as well as their families and parental figures too. They can affect physically, psychosocially,
financially, and profoundly, taking without end personal satisfaction. Compare and contrast the differences between PTSD and TBI Base on Pryce,
Pryce, and Shackelford (2012), PTSD was first defined in the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic and statistic Manual three, DSM three in
1980. PTSD suffers can be affected emotionally, cognitively, biologically, and behaviorally. All of which combine to negatively affect interpersonal
relationships with family and friends. Veterans with PTSD can suffer secondary traumatic stress or vicarious trauma that can result to divorce and
domestic violence. PTSD is an uneasiness issue that can create after presentation to a startling occasion or experience in which grave

War In Tim O Brien's The Things They Carried
Going to war is scary and sometimes traumatizing. It can affect men and woman for several of years afterwards, even until death. You cannot just erase
what these men and woman have witnessed and been through. These brave souls have to carry the embarrassment, the shame, and the guilt with them
forever. Going to war, and having to do all the horrific things soldiers do, can cause them to have Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. When away from
home and out into a horrific world soldiers tend to think more of the actual world, and imagine what they could be doing instead of what they're
actually doing at the moment, and that gets them sidetracked. While not paying attention, other soldiers from near them or in their group are put into
danger.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Men and woman carry an extra 100–150 pounds on their back. They carry jackets, pants, grenades, guns, personal items, etc. But where it weighs the
most is up top. The emotional baggage they carry is heavier than the extra weight on their backs. Soldiers have to deal with the embarrassment, and
the shame and guilt they felt inside. After Ted Lavender was shot dead, Jimmy Cross felt shame, and he hated himself. He had been focusing on
someone who wasn't there with him, someone who didn't even understand what was going on in his world. Cross had loved Martha more than his
own men, and in consequence Lavender was no longer there and he had to carry the burden of his death. "They carried the soldier's greatest fear,
which was the fear of blushing. Men killed, and died, because they were embarrassed not to. It was what had brought them to the war in the first
place, nothing positive, no dreams of glory or honor, just the blush of dishonor. They died so as not to die of embarrassment." Men went to war out of
embarrassment, they had fear of embarrassing themselves, their families, and their town if they fled. They forever carry this with them, because they
cannot just take the memory of them being there out of their

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Paper
Among the most common of mental health conditions is post–traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, PTSD can lead to severe
physiological and psychological changes that are significantly increased when this trauma isn't caught in its early stages. These traumas have a great
impact on the patient's personalities and perceptions. Therefore, there are different types of treatments that can be implemented accordingly to the
patient to improve their psychological condition, and avoid unfavorable results on their mental health.
Introduction Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder is something that many of us have heard of before but do not know the main details of, Post–Traumatic
Stress Disorder, commonly known ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will help the family's work through these issues and connect better. Medication is occasionally suggested to people with PTSD to get rid of
subordinate symptoms of depression or anxiety. In spite of the fact that antidepressants may help you feel less sad, anxious, or on edge, they do not
treat the causes of PTSD.
As a final point, is EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) consists of essentials of cognitive–behavioral therapy with eye
movements or other forms of rhythmic stimulation. These work by relaxing the brain's information processing system, which is disturbed in extreme
trauma events.
Conclusion As stated in this article's explanations of causes behind PTSD, we clarified that the main cause is referenced to a traumatic event that
causes severe emotional damage. Anxiety and depression seem to be the two main symptoms of PTSD, even though these symptoms of PTSD can be
treated with medication, the actual cause for PTSD cannot. However, many people with PTSD go through several forms of therapy to help work
through their difficulties and can help make communication between loved ones a lot

Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating
these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric
Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM–III) in 1980 (Friedman, 2016). The
introduction of PTSD into the DSM–III was a step forward to helping victims of traumatic experiences. To be able to help people cope with these
traumatizing experiences... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These symptoms can come right after the tragic event; however, a lot of times symptoms will take several months to years to manifest themselves
(Anxiety and Depression Association of America, 2016). According to the fifth edition of the DSM, a person must meet the four clusters of
intrusive behavior, repetitive avoidance of events that can be related to the event, a negative impact on cognitive ability, and a noticeable change
in arousal or reactions. These four clusters must cause significant difficulty or impairment within the persons normal lifestyle. They must also
show symptoms lasting for over a month to be considered for diagnosis of PTSD (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Another new topic of
discussion with diagnosis of PTSD is whether a new category should be created for people who were exposed to repeated traumatic experiences
over a long duration. Dr. Judith Herman from Harvard University insists that a new diagnosis be created for this Complex PTSD. The person
diagnosed with Complex PTSD has all the same symptoms of regular PTSD; however, it also includes more severe symptoms such as their personal
view of themselves can be altered. These can be brought on by child prostitution rings, or Prisoner of War camps. These symptoms can also lead the
individual to feel helpless which then can lead to becoming depressed. The trauma's faced by somebody can lead to depression and a study of

Trauma Reflection
Rebecca Frey, in her article Trauma, defines the term 'trauma' in two different ways. The first idea of trauma is used in the physical sense, to mean a
tangible injury on one's body, while the second idea of trauma is used to mean "damage to the mind and emotions resulting from a single event or series
of experiences." She mentions that trauma is usually caused by an overwhelming experience that affects one's capability to cope with the memories and
the feelings that they connect to the specific traumatic event. Typical symptoms for experiences of trauma include: changes in typical behavioral acts,
complete withdrawal from social situations, pacing and agitated muscle movements, difficulties functioning cognitively, nightmares and... Show more
While trauma itself does not necessarily lead to these sufferings, those who have experienced a traumatic event could possibly experience a trauma
disorder, which will include many of the above–mentioned symptoms. Frey identifies disorders like Post–traumatic Stress Disorder, Acute Stress
Disorder, and Complex Traumatic Stress Disorder, as possible causes for many of those sufferings. Shockingly, Frey mentions how somewhere
between 50% and 90% of all North Americans will experience a traumatic experience in their life, but only 7%–8% of people in North America will
ever develop Post–traumatic Stress Disorder. It is important to note, however, that Post–traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is only one type of trauma
/stress disorder, and there are many more disorders that those survivors could potentially develop. Bipolar affective disorder:
John Harris and Vicky White describe Bipolar affective disorder, more commonly referred to as bipolar disorder, as a mood disorder that is
distinguished through a cycling between manic, or 'high', and depressed, or 'low', moods. Dr. Raymond Leung describes mania as "a persistent
elation in mood and increase[s] in energy levels for at least one week" and depression as a "low mood and [a] loss of interest or pleasure in most
activities for at least 2 weeks". There is oftentimes a period of relative stability

How Jessica 's Early Upbringing Impact Her Current Situation?
605 Assignment 2: Quiz – Essay Question Two University of Southern California Francis Sizer Dr. Doni Whitsett November 13, 2014 Question 2:
Jessica, a 24 year old, who grew up experiencing child sexual abuse now finds herself involved in an abusive relationship with her live–in boyfriend.
She has been living with her current abusive situation for four years. She has tried to leave the situation before, but has returned to her boyfriend each
time. She demonstrates a wide range of symptomology from hyper–vigilance to dissociation. She is at times tearful and agitated and at other times she
is distant as if "in a dream." A.How might Jessica's early upbringing impact her current situation? Jessica's early upbringing impacts... Show more
This style is also more likely to be the recipient of abuse. The fearful style also has an unlovable presentation of self and can show itself as either the
perpetrator or recipient in partner violence. I believe that Jessica's childhood directly impacted her inability to recognize her need to self–protect and
understand that she does not "deserve" this type of behavior from her current boyfriend. She cannot recognize this because she feels she is
undeserving, unlovable and "bad." If Jessica had a secure attachment to her caregivers as a child, she would have the foundation for optimal mental
health and resilience which is a protective factor against the development of trauma (Solomon & Siegel, 2003). Using concepts of Fairbairn's object
relations theory, Jessica is attracted to the exciting object as indicated in the asynchronous materials on the virtual academic center. The ideal
objects, Jessica's parents, were supposed to nurture and care for her; they did not meet those needs. Jessica longs for acceptance and approval. In her
internal world, Jessica experienced disappointments with her external objects. She created internal objects that compensated for the deficits of her
parents. As a child, Jessica was in a state of helplessness and dependence to her parents (objects) and she needed to see them as good. As a result, in
order to cope with the anxiety she feels, she split off the negative aspects and repressed them

Analysis Of ' Pearl 's Universe '
Duha Salamah Professor Kolkachian 20 October 2015 PSYC1A Pearl's Universe Cartoon Network's Steven Universe is a lovable children's show that
is quickly gaining immense popularity as well as ell–deserved praise due to the show's avid representation of women, queer individuals, and people of
color. Pearl, a protagonist on the show, is one of the powerful Rose Quartz' closest followers as well as one of the last Gems on Earth to survive the
war between the Crystal Gems (Rose's army) and the Homeworld Gems. Gems are a species that are characterized by their corresponding gemstone
(Pearl's gemstone is a pearl, while Rose's is a quartz). All Gems are sexless and there seems to be an absence of sexual dimorphism in the species,
however all Gems seem to have traits that are commonly associated with human femininity and actively respond to the pronouns "she" and "her" aside
from Steven, who is Rose's half human–half Gem son. Pearl lives with and fights along Garnet and Amethyst, the only other two Crystal Gems that
survived the war, and Steven, Rose's son. It is abundantly clear that Pearl was/is still in love with Rose, proudly crediting herself as Rose's "sole
confidant" and making sure her every act is for Rose and her legacy. Pearl's love for Rose eventually grows to the point of obsessive recklessness,
continuously sacrificing herself and convincing herself that she does not matter all for Rose's sake. The slight mention of her can send Pearl into a
flurry of emotions, from

The Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )
Post– Traumatic Stress Disorder Introductory Psychology Psych 1101– Spring Semester 2015 B. Moser March 30, 2015 Karen C. Lewis Abstract
Imagine your worst nightmare. Now imagine your worst nightmare relived over and over again, but never being able to get away from the intruding
thoughts about it or flashbacks from it. For someone with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, this is the everyday hell that they encounter. Post–Traumatic
Stress Disorder or PTSD, is a silent attacker that at one time was thought to only affect soldiers. But after years of research, doctors began to discover
that it was not just limited to soldiers. In fact, PTSD affects people from all walks of life– adults as well as children can become victims. Men... Show
Of these trauma survivors up to 20% develop PTSD. Put another way, approximately 13 million Americans– 5% of the population suffers from PTSD
at any given time.(Goulston, 2008 ) Post–traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a type of anxiety disorder acquired when a person becomes a victim of
some form of trauma. Trauma can come in the form of experiencing natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, or floods. Personal
traumas such as being robbed, assaulted, raped, physically or sexually abused, or tortured can cause PTSD. Those who have suffered extreme
illness such as Cancer and AIDS may experience it. And even those who have watched their loved ones suffer through extreme illnesses can
succumb to the disorder. They suffer what is called a secondary trauma. It has even been recently discovered that someone viewing media coverage
of a traumatic event can even get PTSD. There were people viewing the live coverage of the 9/11 attacks in 2001, that triggered the same types of
emotional and physical responses as if they were physically at Ground Zero! Naturally, those who have served in the military– especially those who
have survived wars and gone to combat, are highly at risk for PTSD. So what exactly is a trauma? When we think of the word trauma we often think of
something horrendous, something horrible or really, really bad. But what actually constitutes something as a trauma and not just a normal everyday

POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
Preview of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD for short, is a mental health state that is provoked by experiencing
or seeing a horrifying event. Some symptoms of PTSD can include flashbacks, nightmares and anxiety. There are many types of PTSD that will be
discussed. Along with the services these victims may receive, the various treatments they can get, and the outcome of each of these treatments.
Often times people can experience emotional distress, hopelessness, anger, guilt or loneliness. In the behavioral aspect, an individual may feel
irritability, social isolation, aggression, self destructive behavior or self harm. Psychologically they could have panic attacks, ... Show more content on
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This is when a healthy adult has been revealed to one single traumatic event in their adult life, that can cause them to experience extremely horrifying
memories and being cut off from relationships. However, these individuals can fulfill completion of this in just a few weeks.
Then there is the Acute Stress Disorder. This type of PTSD is eminent by panic reactions, mental confusion, suspiciousness, and being unable to
manage basic self care and relationship activities. Individuals (victims) of this form of PTSD have gone through more than one traumatic event in
order to have these symptoms, events that are a disaster, such as being revealed to a death, or the loss of a home or community.
Next is the Uncomplicated PTSD, in which the victim experiences relentless reexperiencing of the traumatic event, emotional numbing, and increased
arousal.
Comorbid PTSD is next, this is of the more common PTSD. It is a stress disorder that has one other major psychiatric problem such as depression,
some form of substance abuse, a panic disorder, or another form of anxiety.
The last of the types of PTSD is Complex PTSD. This PTSD is sometimes called Disorder of Extreme Stress, is found in victims who have been
exposed to extended traumatic situations. This form of PTSD happens largely during the childhood of the victim. And it causes the victims to be linked
with antisocial personality disorder, behavioral difficulties, emotional difficulties, and mental

PTSD In Military
Mental health illness is a major issue that several United States systems faces daily. Mental illness can contribute to high crime rates, suicide, drug
addiction, mass shootings, prison overcrowding, and several other problems. This paper will discuss and examine mental health issues as it develops
and result in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the United States Military, and specifically how PTSD can result in suicide among military
service members. PTSD is commonly and well known to infantry soldiers who were mostly deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq war between 2001 and
2003 due to an overwhelming and challenging environment. The war in Afghanistan and the invasion of Iraq conflicts, both have had a an actual
impact on soldiers' mental health. In addition, infantrymen are most likely to experience at least one event as a minimum that may result in PTSD
than any other divisions in the military. According to Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Major Gary Wynn provides statistics shows that "93
percent report coming under fire from artillery, rockets, and mortars. 91 percent say their unit has been attacked or ambushed. 87 percent say they
know someone who has been seriously injured or killed" (Robson 2012).... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although PTSD is a somewhat new diagnosis that was related with military service members when it was first introduced. "During a period roughly
from the end of the Second World War to the early 1990s, neither epidemiology, medical geography, nor medical sociology tended directly to study
the impact of the local social or physical environment on human health," according to Perspectives in Medical Sociology (Brown 2008). PTSD was
accepted everywhere when it was introduced as a diagnosis in the early 1980s in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM–III) of the American Psychiatric Association. Although PTSD diagnosis met largely with skepticism by the public of the validity
of the illness when first came out. Blair Wheaton and Shirin Montazer provided a detailed definition of Traumatic Stress in their chapter of
Stressors, Stress, and Distress by stating, "some stressors are thought to be so serious and so overwhelming in their impact that we must give them
a separate status to distinguish them from the usual class of events that we designate as stressful. The most applicable term for these stressors is
traumas" (Wheaton & Montazer 2010). In other words, PTSD is a complex mental disorder that develops in response to exposure to a severe
traumatic event that stems a cluster of symptoms. Being afflicted with the disorder is debilitating and disrupt an individual's ability to function and
perform the basic tasks. PTSD affects 3.5 percent of the U.S. adult population and approximately about 7 million Americans. Women however are
more likely to develop PTSD than men, and about 37percent of those cases are classified as severe. Although PTSD can occur at any age, however the
average is in the early 20s in person's

Traumatic Brain Syndrome in Veterans
Issue: Traumatic Brain syndrome in veterans Introduction: Soldiers returning from combat face a wide range of challenges in adjusting to civilian life.
These challenges are compounded by the high susceptibility of combat–experienced soldiers to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and overlapping
symptoms of traumatic brain syndrome. As the two articles considered hereafter demonstrate, the U.S. military has sought better ways of understanding
the primary symptoms and health consequences of traumatic brain syndrome with an interest in driving better outreach and treatment. The discussion
will address the value of both articles in contributing to this aim. Two Quantitative Studies: The first study due for consideration is that by Truedau et
al, published in The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences in 1998. The study centers on the aforementioned overlap between
sufferers of PTSD and sufferers of traumatic brain injury in order to determine accurate ways of screening for the latter of these conditions. The study
presents a quantitative assessment of specific medical screening results in order to produce an empirically sound mode of predicting some of the
negative repercussions of untreated traumatic brain injury. According to Trudeau et al (1998), "combat veterans with a remote history of blast injury
have persistent electroencephalographic features of traumatic brain injury as well as attentional problems. The authors hypothesize that these constitute a

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd And Race / Ethnicity
Corey Hills
May 5, 1015
PSY–230–A
Final Paper
The Correlation Between Both ASD/PTSD & Race/Ethnicity
Post–traumatic stress disorder is a well known disorder that takes over the life of it's victim. We know that anyone has the chance of facing this
challenging disorder but does race/ culture have anything to do with it? Throughout this paper we will be trying to answer this question and many
more. This paper's main focus is on what post–traumatic stress disorder is, what evidence provided by researchers leads us to believe that race and
ethnicity has something to do with PTSD rates and last but not least the few ways on how to treat PTSD patients properly. Post– traumatic stress
disorder or PTSD is a disorder which is characterized by anxiety, dissociative, and other symptoms that last for more than one month and that occur as
a result of exposure to extreme trauma. PTSD symptoms can develop in individuals faced with repeated mild or low magnitude stressors, such as
employment problems, marital distress (Astin et al., 1995; Scott & Stradling, 1994), parenting separation or relationship problems. This disorder is
more common in more traumatic events such as war or a bad car accident. What is a traumatic event exactly? Well, a traumatic event is when a person
has experienced, witnessed or was confronted with event(s) that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical
integrity of self or others. The natural response to these

Invisible Injury Essay
When Post Traumatic Stress Disorder first hits, veterans deal with numerous side effects, such as anger, anxiety, fatigue or depression. PTSD has
always been an extremely complex topic to comprehend. The injuries faced by these victims do not reflect those of someone who had been shot or, hit
by a blast, but it is something that nobody can see. It is what the Lone Survivor foundation calls an "Invisible Injury" (Education:LSF). Although it can
look as if one with PTSD is normal, their minds are not. Although some may think PTSD is not a large–scale problem for veterans, "Researchers
estimate that between 7% and 20% of veterans of the recent wars have suffered PTSD at some point" (Zarembo). Even though 7% or 20% is only a
fraction of the overall... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He mentioned, "I was afraid how army leadership would react if I had that on my record" (Huerta). Huerta, like many members of the military
feared judgment from higher ranking officers, putting his life in danger so he would not seem "weak". He believed that it would hurt future
opportunities for his advancement, thus it led to his negative impacts on himself and his family. Understandably so, we as regular civilians do not
understand the trauma caused by active duty soldiers, or the after effects they face when attempting to assimilate back into the country. Huerta had
the same symptoms common in PTSD that he did not understand or seek help for at first. He described his symptoms explaining, "[he] felt a
tightness in [his] chest, It was hard to breathe, [he] felt closed in and panicky" (Huerta). It is common for someone who faced large scale damage to
feel this way after the war. To some, including Carlos, the pain is as severe as a heart attack, and changes how the veteran lives their life on a
day–to–day basis. Although veterans may come back looking unscathed, PTSD affects the soldier's mind often leading to severe complications that can
be

Psychological Effects Of Complex Traum Making A Case For...
Rachael Wandrey COURSE ASSIGNMENT DATE Treating the Psychological Effects of Complex Trauma: Making a Case for Narrative Exposure
Therapy Defining Complex Trauma Complex trauma is a term that was established to differentiate traumas that occur repeatedly from traumas that
happen in only one instance (herein referred to as "simple trauma"; Coutois, 2008). For instance, complex trauma is typically referred to in the context
of abusive childhoods wherein the child experiences repeated traumatic events (e.g., physical or sexual abuse) over the course of their childhood. Often
the trauma will occur in parent–child relationships leaving the victim under the control of the perpetrator (Herman, 1992). However, complex trauma is
not limited to family violence, but can include other prolonged traumatic experiences, such as concentration camps and torture (Williams, 2006). Some
researchers have argued that victims of complex trauma experience different psychological challenges than those who are victimized in one isolated
incident (e.g., armed robbery). Coutois (2008) delineated seven problem areas that she believes are related to repeated early interpersonal trauma (i.e.,
complex trauma): 1) alterations in the regulation of affective impulses, 2) alterations in attention and consciousness, 3) alterations in self–perception, 4)
alterations in perception of the perpetrator, 5) alterations in relationships to others, 6) somatization and/or medical problems, 7) alterations in

In-Depth Study of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
POST–TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ABSTRACT: This article represents an in
–depth study of Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD in a
holistic context. The main focus of this research is on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder from the physiological perscective. PTSD is a response
mechanism of the mind to an actual or perceived traumatic event. Research has shown that cognitive factors, anxeity, and injuries for example due
to car crashes are linked to and often responsible for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. However, research has shown that traumatic events such as
war or any type of abuse are probably one of the major causes of PTSD. This article reveals the history of PTSD taking into account the time of
World War One as well as theories proposed by Sigmund Freud and Pierre Janet. Initially, PTSD was a condition that was closely associated with
military personnel alone. However, recent understanding of the physiology of the condition and modern circumstances has led PTSD to become a
common diagnosis amongst the general population as well. Today, all races and age groups suffer from this condition. Researchers have across
various medications that provide a relief from the post traumatic stress disorder. This paper will conclude with a look at some of the treatment for
PTSD. Introduction: Factors Leading to PTSD Following an unusual and an unexpected event that is stressful one may develop characteristic
symptoms that may differ slightly from person to person. PTSD is a

Post Traumatic Stress Condition Essay
Definition of Condition
Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder that may develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which severe physical harm
occurred or was threatened. Anyone who has gone through a life–threatening event can develop post–traumatic stress disorder including military troops
who served in wars; rescue workers for catastrophes for example 2001 terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C.; survivors of the
Oklahoma City bombing; survivors of accidents, rape, physical or sexual abuse, and other crimes; immigrants fleeing violence in their countries;
survivors of earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes; and those who witness traumatic events can also develop post–traumatic stress disorder Incidence
/prevalence
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
December 2).
Prognosis
Alost–traumatic stress disorder prognosis can be a positive one, but post–traumatic stress disorder treatment may take a long time. Post–traumatic stress
disorder can be caused by a variety of events, and its effects may be devastating and long–lasting. According to Eun Jung Suh, Ph D, an assistant
professor of clinical psychology at Columbia University in New York, the symptoms of post–traumatic stress disorder fall into three groups (Myers, W.
2011, January 18).
Medication may have the most impact when combined with a form of therapy known as cognitive–behavioral therapy, or CBT. "Psychotherapies like
CBT help to decrease fear and anxiety related to trauma," says Suh. "Therapy can also help patients understand and change how they think about their
trauma experience."
(Myers, W. 2011, January

Factors That Can Be Protective Against Ptsd
What is meant by the term ''resilience'' with regard to response to stressful events? One resilience factor is 'hardiness', discuss how this factor can be
protective against PTSD.
Stress is a widely studied phenomenon, as stress is an experience that every individual go through in their everyday lives. According to Baum (1990),
stress can be defined as a "negative emotional experience accompanied by predicable biochemical, physiological and behavioural changes that are
directed towards adaption either by manipulating the situation to alter the stressor or by accommodating its effects." Everybody is affected by
stressful events in different ways, some are better at coping than others, this is because everyone is individually different. This is where resilience to
stressful events comes into place. Resilience helps to explain the ability to adapt in the face of tragedy, hardship, trauma, adversity and a continuation
of significant life stressors. Bonanno (2002).There are many factors that influence people's resilience to these life events, for example personality
traits, optimism, lows of control, hardiness and social support. In this essay there will be a focus on hardiness as it is a main factor for overcoming
mental illness. Especially for PTSD which is heavily influenced by stressful life experiences.
Stress has a big impact on people's mental and physical health, the way in which people cope with stress can protect them from illness. Throughout
life, people are faced

Natural Disasters
Zyy06mku SWK
Psychological Consequences of Earthquakes
Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and cyclones, floods, and tornadoes are some of the traumatic experiences that may cause
posttraumatic stress disorders. This type of disorders and other disaster related psychological problems are prevalent after natural disasters. As a result
it is important to analyse those individuals that develop psychological problems especially to prepare and plan interventions both in the short and long
term after disaster (CoЕџkun, CoЕџkun, 2000, p: 68). Earthquakes have quickly become one of the most highlighted natural disasters. Unlike other
natural disasters, earthquakes occur without warning, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the same year on 21 September 1999, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 on the Richter scale struck Taiwan. The Chi–Chi earthquake caused
more than 2.300 deaths, injured more than 8.000 people, and damaged or destroyed more than 100.000 homes and many survivors showed the
symptoms of disorders and post traumatic stress disorders (Chen et al., 2007). Researches showed that the rates of post traumatic stress disorder, major
depression, and minor psychiatric morbidity in the early stage after the Chi–Chi earthquake were 37%, 16%, and 89.9%, respectively (Chen et al., 2001
p:13). On the other hand another study showed that the psychiatric disorder among Chi–Chi earthquake survivors within 6 months of the disaster
reported that the prevalence rates of post traumatic stress disorders and major depression were 7.9% and 9.5% respectively (Chou et al., 2005). The
risk factor of post traumatic stress disorder included female sex, lower educational level, and greater trauma exposure (Lai et al., 2004). In the
research Chen et al. found that two year follow up of the Chi–Chi earthquake stressed on that the long term impact of a major disaster on the survivors.
They also found that the prevalence of psychiatric problems after a severe earthquake in Taiwan was comparable with the post disaster rate reported
elsewhere (Chen et al., 2007) and can be compared with the earthquake in Turkey in same year.
Another natural occurrence happened in the

Healing Emotional Trauma Research Paper
Healing emotional trauma
Emotional wounds are as real as physical bleeding wounds, and can affect every aspect of your life.
You are at risk, regardless if you are a direct victim or somehow exposed to extreme, unpredictable and uncontrollable life–threatening events such as
war, natural disasters, accidents, rape, physical or sexual assault, kidnapping, domestic violence, workplace or school bullying, physical or emotional
abuse.
PTSD ASD, STS and AD, are clinical conditions associated with traumatic events or post traumaticstress. Although most people associate these
conditions with extreme life–threatening situations, not everyone with a form of traumatic stress has been through such dangerous events.
Even though the emotional trauma seems to be a highly individual experience, trans–generational PTSD–like or hereditary trauma and behavioral
patterns may be transmitted across generations through the process of parental epigenetic programming. Thus, traumatic experiences can be passed
down from generation to generation, such that children 6 years and younger may suffer from preschool PTSD and display similar behavioral issues as
their parents, or their ancestors. In a similar way, complex tragenerational transmitted information helps the fourth–generation of Monarch butterfly
descendants find theyr way and return to exactly the same wintering sites as their grand–grandparent left the winter before. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Specific noises, sounds, images, gestures, words, smells, or thoughts can trigger flashbacks and fear–controlled irrational behaviors. When the alert
trigger is identified, the victim can feel terrorized in common situations that don't represent any form of real danger to a rational

Psychological Disorder Essay

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