This document discusses corporate social responsibility practices of two large Indian companies, state-owned NTPC and private RIL. It outlines how CSR has evolved from early philanthropic activities to become a strategic business practice addressing social and environmental issues. The study examines the CSR policies, procedures, and activities of NTPC and RIL in detail. It also notes how economic development in India has caused environmental and social issues, prompting businesses to modify their CSR approaches.

1. Corporate Social Responsibility: A study on CSR practices in Indian Businesses-NTPC
and RIL.
Ashutosh (Research Scholar) & Dr Ashok Sharma (Asstt.Professor)
Amity University, Noida, (UP)/India.
Abstract
Independent India sought industrialization through PSU. CSR then was still in philanthropic
space. With time Govt. /Non Govt. entities included CSR in community development.
Democratic institutions pressurised businesses to shift from philanthropy to socially
responsible behaviour and practices. Businesses felt threatened by growing gap between the
Have and Have-Not customers resulting in proactive attitudinal change.
Government regulatory mechanism (CSR clause in Companies act 2013) and BR report of
SEBI together with societal pressures persuaded private enterprises CSR activities
rigorously. With globalisation of Indian economy CSR practices in India are evolving fast
covering balancing of economical, social and environmental imperatives addressing
simultaneously expectation of all stakeholders. CSR- A strategic business concept helps in
reducing poverty providing livelihood mean, promoting skills and well being in the shape of
education, health and environmental safe guard. This study discusses all these issues
supported with cases of two of the largest companies-one from PSU (NTPC) and other from
private sector (RIL).Their CSR policies, procedures and activities are discussed exhaustively
in this report.
The Indian economic scenario has shifted from agriculture to manufacturing and
services sector causing migration of workforce resulting in greater exploitation of natural
resources and consequent environmental disturbances. These developments threatened the
social fabric both in rural and urban areas resulting in unrest. Businesses felt perturbed and
modified their CSR.
Keywords Triple bottom line approach strategic philanthropy Corporate Citizen
shareholder, Moral Management.