QUESTION 1Describe the difference between bulk data flow and inter.pdf

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QUESTION 1 Describe the difference between bulk data flow and interactive data flow. -Give examples of where each is used. QUESTION 2 Describe the process of terminating a connection in TCP. Be sure to discuss specifics on why TCP uses the mechanism it does. Solution Question 1: Actually, the bulk dat transfer and interactive data transfer are the two catogories of TCP applications. Bulk data transfers are ftp,mail,and http and the interactive data transfers are telnet,rlogin like that. Bulk data transfer : If the tcp connection is exchange more data\'s that is bulk number of data\'s, then one can dealing the different set of problems.so the receiver meets trouble to keeping up with sender, this will cause overruns the receiver with the sender\'s information. To overcome this, Tcp implements sliding window flow control.This will prevent the overruns the receiver with information of sender. By using sliding window, sending acknowledments are separating from setting window size in sender. And the receiver returns the two parameters to the sender. i.e acknowledgement number and window size. And the receiver can acknowledge the data without window opening. And also receiver can change the window size without data ack. The interpretation of receiver is, SeqNo=AckNo,AckNo+1,...AckNo+Win-1. example, lets consider,there are two hosts named A and B a) Host b can send acknowledgement of data received with reduced window sizes. b)when window opening up, then sends window update message Bulk data uses ethereal to trace an ftp session. Interactive data transfer: The other category of tcp is interactive data transfers, which is used in telnet and rlogin as i mentioned earlier. Telnet and rlogin is tends to sending interactive key stroke in separate packet and server side echos and that will be same in local screen back.And the acknowledgement of data can be piggy back on echo of data.And then the return acknowledgement can delaying if there is no data to send. Interactive data transfer uses ethereal to tracing a telnet and rlogin session. So the differences are: -Interactive transfer trying to accumulate more dat together without compromising acceptable interactive experience. -Bulk data transfer having a problem with overwhelming the receiver but no problem with accumulating data together. -Interactive not using link But bulk transfers trying to utilize the link fully. Question 2: Actually after completed data transmission then the device will terminate the connection. Here, the device makes initiating of termination and place the tcp segment with fin flag set to one. And the fin flag enable the tcp to terminating the established session. After that, it will enter in to fin wait state then the one device receives tcp segments contiguosly from other device so the segments stands in the queue and it make sure not to accept addition data\'s of application..

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side echos and that will be same in local screen back.And the acknowledgement of data can be
piggy back on echo of data.And then the return acknowledgement can delaying if there is no data
to send.
Interactive data transfer uses ethereal to tracing a telnet and rlogin session.
So the differences are:
-Interactive transfer trying to accumulate more dat together without compromising acceptable
interactive experience.
-Bulk data transfer having a problem with overwhelming the receiver but no problem with
accumulating data together.
-Interactive not using link But bulk transfers trying to utilize the link fully.
Question 2:
Actually after completed data transmission then the device will terminate the connection.
Here, the device makes initiating of termination and place the tcp segment with fin flag set to
one.
And the fin flag enable the tcp to terminating the established session.
After that, it will enter in to fin wait state then the one device receives tcp segments contiguosly
from other device so the segments stands in the queue and it make sure not to accept addition
data's of application.

find the payment necessary to amortize 8 loan of $1500 for 19 compo.pdf

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explain why HCO3- levels can be calculated from pH and pCO2 levels Solution pH is defined as the negative log of the Hydrogen ion concentration: -log[H+]. (also, pH=pK+log [HCO3]/ 0.03 x pCO2). The pH is the product of two components, respiratory and metabolic, thus allowing for the effect of the pCO2, ie, any change in the pH unexplained by the pCO2 resulting ina metabolic abnormality. CO2 and water combine to form carbonic acid or H2CO3, present with concentrations of bicarbonate (HCO3-)and hydrogen ions (H+) in equilibrium amounts. A change in the concentration of the reactants on either side of the equation affects the subsequent direction of the reaction. Eg., a rise in CO2 will also raise carbonic acid formation (H2CO3) which leads to raised levels of both HCO3- and H+ (\\pH)..

explain why HCO3- levels can be calculated from pH and pCO2 levels.pdf

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Describe the arrangement of neurons in the primary motor cortex Solution The primary motor cortex or M1 is found to be located in the dorsal portion of the frontal lobe in the brain. This is the region which is involved in coding force and direction of movement and M1 works along with posterior parietal cortex, premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area etc to execute its actions. In M1 region we can find Betz cells (large neurons) along with other cortical neurons, these will send long axons till the end of the spinal cord, so that they can synapse onto the interneuron circuitry of the spinal cord. They also send neurons on the alpha motor neurons located in the spinal cord to have connection with the muscles. Using Golgi method, the morphology and the spatial arrangement of neurons in the primary motor cortex has been studies, which revealed the presence of great variety of pyramidal and non-pyramidal cells in M1 region and main difference between these cells is due to their difference in shape, size and also with respect to dimensions and distribution of dendritic trees. It has been reported that columnar aggregation formed were observed in sub-layers III b and c, formed by the somata and dendritic trees of pyramidal and non-pyramidal cells, these are 100- 300 micron wide and are found to be separated by cell-sparse spaces of 50-100 micron width. In these aggregations, we can find several bundles formed by apical dendrites of pyramidal cells. The columnar width was not surpassed by most non-pyramidal cells of dendrites. In layers III and V, the dendrites and somata of pyramidal cells were found to be showing a preferential orientation in the same direction and they will run parallel to the main axis of the gyrus. But in layers II, IV, and V, what aggregations we found in layer III were not found but in layer V, around the giant Betz cells, there was a loose assemblage of neurons of all sizes group were found to be located. The radii of myelinated fibers entering and leaving the white matter were found to be forming radial appearance in Layer VI. The vertical, columnar organization and the asymmetry of somata and dendritic trees were found to be more pronounced when it comes to the boundary of the central sulcus and boundary of precentral gyrus..

Describe the arrangement of neurons in the primary motor cortexS.pdf

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Cell Image Cell type eukaryotic cell t prokaryotic cell Solution.pdf

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An inbred line of Drosophila will drink sugar water to which small amounts of a bitter substance, quinine, has been added. The variance in quinine concentration tolerated is 200. They are crossed with a different inbred line whose variance in quinine concentration tolerated is 110. Their F_1S have a variance of 110, and their F_2S have a variance of 210. What is the heritability of this trait? Solution Generation Variance P1 200 P2 110 F1 110 F2 210 VE = {VF1 + (VP1+ VP2)/2}/2 = {110 + (110 + 200)/2}/2 = 132.5 VP = 210 Vg = VP – VE = 210 – 132.5 = 77.5 Heritiablity H2 = Vg /VP = 77.5 / 210 = 0.369 Generation Variance P1 200 P2 110 F1 110 F2 210.

An inbred line of Drosophila will drink sugar water to which small am.pdf

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ACC312 Federal Taxation Tax avoidance/Tax evasion questions 1. The entity variable: Which entity undertakes the transaction? 2. The time period variable: During which tax year or years does the transaction occur? 3. The jurisdiction variable: In which tax jurisdiction does the transaction occur? 4. The character variable: What is the tax character of the income from the transaction? Solution Tax evasion is the illegal means of reducing taxes. tax planning has four variables. 1. entity 2. Time period 3. Jurisdiction 4. Character so, the above four questions are based on the tax planning variables..

ACC312 Federal TaxationTax avoidanceTax evasion questions1. The.pdf

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a total of 100 students are taking a history exam. each student is r.pdf

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A case study of a young man with a viral infection In the late winter of 2009 Jeff, a 19 year old male, living in the dorms at college came down suddenly with a virus which kept him out of classes for 3 days. Jeff\'s day started out as a regular day and he went to his classes as he normally does. As the day went on Jeff began to tired and worn out but he figured it was just due to a lack of sleep and feel stress. That night he laid down for bed and recognized he was running a slight fever so he thought he would just sleep it off and feel better in the morning. The next morning when he awoke he had a high fever, chills, body aches and nausea. Jeff only left his bed that day to go to the bathroom a couple times fever, or to get a glass of water. As day went on his symptoms only got worse, by that night his fever chills, and aches were also accompanied by diarrhea. The next day Jeff then began experiencing it vomiting on top of his current symptoms and was unable to drink water or eat any food without 2 days making his stomach feel worse. By that night he was beginning to feel much better, and within 2 days he had almost fully recovered. What was Jeff suffering from? How do we know this wasn\'t the flu? How should his illness have been treated? What were his risk factors for becoming infected? How many people are infected each year in the US with this virus? How can you prevent infection with this virus? What is the mode of transmission and reservoir for this virus? Solution ANSWER: 1) jeff was suffering from Gastroenteritis... 2)We know that was not flu because the symptoms of flu was highfever,bodyaches, chills and sweat, persistent cough,headache,nasalcongestion,sorethoratand weakness.diarrhea not occur in flu.... 3)Drinking enough fluids, and learning what to eat will keep you comfortable. have to manage diarrhea,control nausea,and vomiting and get plenty of rest will help to treat disease.... 4)RISK FACTORS: Gastroenteritis is caused by the people with weak immune system , ingestion of viruses, certain bacteria, or parasites. Food that has spoiled may also cause illness. Young children may develop signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis as a reaction to a new food. HIGH RISK FACTORS INCLUDE: 5)It is estimated that three to five billion cases of gastroenteritis resulting in 1.4 million deaths occur globally each year.IN U.S 10,00O PEOPLE ARE INFECTED...... 6)Prevention:Wash your hands after using the toilet and before handling food. Don’t prepare food for other people until your symptoms improve. Avoid close contact with others during your illness. After your symptoms stop, try to wait at least 48 hours before returning to work. You can also help prevent bacterial gastroenteritis infections by avoiding unpasteurized milk, raw meat, or raw shellfish. Use separate cutting boards and utensils for raw and cooked meats when preparing meals. Wash salads and vegetables thoroughly. Make sure to store food at either very hot or very cold temperatures i.

A case study of a young man with a viral infection In the late winte.pdf

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