QUESTION 1 Describe the difference between bulk data flow and interactive data flow. -Give examples of where each is used. QUESTION 2 Describe the process of terminating a connection in TCP. Be sure to discuss specifics on why TCP uses the mechanism it does. Solution Question 1: Actually, the bulk dat transfer and interactive data transfer are the two catogories of TCP applications. Bulk data transfers are ftp,mail,and http and the interactive data transfers are telnet,rlogin like that. Bulk data transfer : If the tcp connection is exchange more data\'s that is bulk number of data\'s, then one can dealing the different set of problems.so the receiver meets trouble to keeping up with sender, this will cause overruns the receiver with the sender\'s information. To overcome this, Tcp implements sliding window flow control.This will prevent the overruns the receiver with information of sender. By using sliding window, sending acknowledments are separating from setting window size in sender. And the receiver returns the two parameters to the sender. i.e acknowledgement number and window size. And the receiver can acknowledge the data without window opening. And also receiver can change the window size without data ack. The interpretation of receiver is, SeqNo=AckNo,AckNo+1,...AckNo+Win-1. example, lets consider,there are two hosts named A and B a) Host b can send acknowledgement of data received with reduced window sizes. b)when window opening up, then sends window update message Bulk data uses ethereal to trace an ftp session. Interactive data transfer: The other category of tcp is interactive data transfers, which is used in telnet and rlogin as i mentioned earlier. Telnet and rlogin is tends to sending interactive key stroke in separate packet and server side echos and that will be same in local screen back.And the acknowledgement of data can be piggy back on echo of data.And then the return acknowledgement can delaying if there is no data to send. Interactive data transfer uses ethereal to tracing a telnet and rlogin session. So the differences are: -Interactive transfer trying to accumulate more dat together without compromising acceptable interactive experience. -Bulk data transfer having a problem with overwhelming the receiver but no problem with accumulating data together. -Interactive not using link But bulk transfers trying to utilize the link fully. Question 2: Actually after completed data transmission then the device will terminate the connection. Here, the device makes initiating of termination and place the tcp segment with fin flag set to one. And the fin flag enable the tcp to terminating the established session. After that, it will enter in to fin wait state then the one device receives tcp segments contiguosly from other device so the segments stands in the queue and it make sure not to accept addition data\'s of application..

1. QUESTION 1
Describe the difference between bulk data flow and interactive data flow. -Give examples of
where each is used.
QUESTION 2
Describe the process of terminating a connection in TCP. Be sure to discuss specifics on why
TCP uses the mechanism it does.
Solution
Question 1:
Actually, the bulk dat transfer and interactive data transfer are the two catogories of TCP
applications.
Bulk data transfers are ftp,mail,and http and the interactive data transfers are telnet,rlogin like
that.
Bulk data transfer :
If the tcp connection is exchange more data's that is bulk number of data's, then one can dealing
the different set of problems.so the receiver meets trouble to keeping up with sender, this will
cause overruns the receiver with the sender's information.
To overcome this, Tcp implements sliding window flow control.This will prevent the overruns
the receiver with information of sender.
By using sliding window, sending acknowledments are separating from setting window size in
sender. And the receiver returns the two parameters to the sender. i.e acknowledgement number
and window size.
And the receiver can acknowledge the data without window opening. And also receiver can
change the window size without data ack.
The interpretation of receiver is, SeqNo=AckNo,AckNo+1,...AckNo+Win-1.
example,
lets consider,there are two hosts named A and B
a) Host b can send acknowledgement of data received with reduced window sizes.
b)when window opening up, then sends window update message
Bulk data uses ethereal to trace an ftp session.
Interactive data transfer:
The other category of tcp is interactive data transfers, which is used in telnet and rlogin as i
mentioned earlier.
Telnet and rlogin is tends to sending interactive key stroke in separate packet and server

2. side echos and that will be same in local screen back.And the acknowledgement of data can be
piggy back on echo of data.And then the return acknowledgement can delaying if there is no data
to send.
Interactive data transfer uses ethereal to tracing a telnet and rlogin session.
So the differences are:
-Interactive transfer trying to accumulate more dat together without compromising acceptable
interactive experience.
-Bulk data transfer having a problem with overwhelming the receiver but no problem with
accumulating data together.
-Interactive not using link But bulk transfers trying to utilize the link fully.
Question 2:
Actually after completed data transmission then the device will terminate the connection.
Here, the device makes initiating of termination and place the tcp segment with fin flag set to
one.
And the fin flag enable the tcp to terminating the established session.
After that, it will enter in to fin wait state then the one device receives tcp segments contiguosly
from other device so the segments stands in the queue and it make sure not to accept addition
data's of application.