Criminal Activity And Justice In The American Society...

Criminal Activity and Justice in the American Society...
Title: The Social Problem of Race, Poverty, Punishment
Abstract
Even more than 100 years back, the terrific African American scholar W. E. B. Du Bois stated, "The
problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line" (Du Bois, 1999) Racism and racial
discrimination, he said, were the main troubles dealing with contemporary society.
Similar can be stated about criminal activity and justice in American society today. Virtually every
problem associated with criminal justice problems includes issues of race and ethnic background,
consisting of arrests, sentencing, corrections, participation in criminal offense, and public reliance
and self–confidence in the criminal justice system (Walker, Spohn and Delone, 2012). Some
examples of this are included in the paper along with the recognition of the problem and an
alternative solution.
Exactly what is the social problem?
In 2009 the imprisonment ratio for African American men in state and federal jails was 6.7 times
more than the ratio for white men (4,749 versus 708, respectively, per 100,000). The imprisonment
rate for Hispanic American men was 2.6 times higher than for white men (1,822 per 100,000). There
were likewise variations in the imprisonment of white and African American females, however not
as terrific when it comes to males (BJS, 2010).
A 2010 Arizona law directing regional authorities to examine the migration condition of anybody
they presumed to be undocumented developed a nationwide debate and a
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Tinker Vs Moines Case Study
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District John and Mary Beth Tinker and their friend Chris
Eckhardt wore black armbands to school in Des Moines, Iowa, to protest the war in Vietnam. The
student refused to take off armbands and then were suspended. Parent sued the school and said it
was a violation of their First Amendment. On the ruling the Supreme Court sided with the students
said As long as an act of expression doesn't disrupt class work or school activities or invade the
rights of others, it's acceptable. Engel v. Vitale In New York they started off with a prayer in the
beginning of school. People didn't like that . The law allowed students to absent themselves from
this activity if they found it objectionable. Whether school–sponsored

Goss V. Lopez (1975)
Due process is the legal requirement of anyone to be treated fairly by others in an authoritative
position as stated in the Fourteenth Amendment. This applies to everything including schools. As a
student, I agree that some may feel disrespected by the schools policies and administration. Students
rights issues have evolved over the years with the help of many court cases throughout the late 70's
into the early 2000's, but can schools treat students unfairly according to the law? The first case I
studied is Goss v. Lopez (1975). In the Goss v. Lopez case nine Ohio Appellee high school students
were suspended for 10 days. They were suspended for misconduct and suspended without a hearing,
which is unconstitutional and against Ohio state law. Eventually the principle was challenged and
the case was appealed to the Supreme Court. They ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wright (1977). In this case a James Ingraham, a junior at a nearby Florida high school, was harshly
punished by the principle and assistant principle after classroom misbehavior. Ingraham was
spanked twenty times with a wooden bat and advised by his doctor to stay home and recover from
his injuries, but he knew he had to do something. Himself and another student, who had also been
beaten, filled a complaint against the school knowing it violated their due process rights and the
Eight Amendment. The case was eventually brought up to the Supreme Court and voted 5–4. The
Justices' said that Eighth Amendment was intended for people facing a crime and not school
students. Justice White says "The disciplinarian need only take a few minutes to give the student
'notice of the charge against him and, if he denies them, an explanation of the evidence the
authorities have and an opportunity to present his side of the story" (White). Even though the case
did not end in favor of the standouts it can still teach us a lesson that you have to fight for what you
think is right and that everything happens for a

Massucco 2. Mary Massucco. Professor Derosa. Pos4603 –
Massucco 2 Mary Massucco Professor Derosa POS4603 – Final Paper 02 May 2017 Hamilton 's
#78 The Federalist Papers are an insight into the federal court system of the United States through
the interpretation of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. Through their
understanding of the federal court system, we are aided in making our own connections and analysis
' to better understand how the system works. More specifically, in Hamilton 's essay #78, he
essentially claims that the federal judiciary isn 't given enough authority to properly do their job. He
also makes note that the Supreme Court of the United States should have a substantial amount of
power over the US Congress, but only in times when Congress has threatened the ... Show more
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The case held that congress can create a bank and such laws if they deem them as necessary to the
public. The case also saw the understanding that state laws cannot impede federal laws which have
been provided by the Constitution. Furthermore, while states hold the power to tax, they do not
surpass the laws created and allocated in the Constitution. These support Hamilton 's prediction
because it concluded that Congress may enact laws when the laws have a purpose and prove to be a
proper solution to an issue. However, though the federal government has ultimate authority, states
are also granted their own powers to carry out within reason. State rights are owned by each
separate state instead of by the federal government. However, in some cases, the federal government
must intercede in the state 's affairs. In the case, Strauder v West Virginia a law was in place that
allowed only whites to be placed on jury service. The case required federal intervention which held
it as unconstitutional to bar someone from participating in societal duties merely on the basis of
race. However, in Plessy v Ferguson, a man was arrested for refusing to move from the "white train
car" to a "black train car". This case was found constitutional and in the rights of the states. This is
due to the state 's demonstrating that the segregation mentioned in the case was abiding by the
"separate but equal" clause, because both cars contained equal accommodations. Therefore,

Involuntary Transfers Essay
Involuntary transfers of students to alternative educational placements for disciplinary reasons
generally do not involve denial of public education, but they may implicate protected liberty
interests. Legal challenges to the use of disciplinary transfers have addressed primarily the adequacy
of the procedures followed. Recognizing that students do not have an inherent right to attend a given
school, some courts nonetheless have held that pupils facing involuntary reassignment are entitled to
minimal due process if such transfers are the result of misbehavior or if required by school board
policy. A Pennsylvania federal district court ruled that transfers for disciplinary reasons affected
liberty interests of sufficient magnitude to require procedural due process. Even though such
transfers involved comparable schools, the court reasoned that the transfer carried with it a stigma
and thus implicated a protected liberty right. Noting that the transfer of a student "during a school
year from a familiar school to a strange and possibly more distant school would be a terrifying
experience," the court concluded that such transfers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many states have banned educators' use of corporal punishment either by law or state regulation. In
1971, only one state prohibited corporal punishment; as of 2017, twenty–eight states and D.C.
proscribed its use. Generally, when state law and school board policy permit corporal punishment,
courts have upheld its reasonable administration and have placed the burden on the aggrieved
students to prove otherwise. In evaluating the reasonableness of a teacher's actions in administering
corporal punishment, courts have assessed the child's age, maturity, and past behavior; the nature of
the offense; the instrument used; any evidence of lasting harm to the child; and the motivation of the
person inflicting the

U7A1 Supreme Court Cases
U7A1 Supreme Court Cases Supreme Court Case #1: Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School
District (1969) Background: 1965 three students from Des Moines, Iowa (15 year old John Tinker;
his sister, 13 year Mary Beth Tinker; and a friend, 16 year old Christopher Eckhardt), opposing the
Vietnam War came up with a plan to wear black arm bands to their respective schools. The arm
bands were to serve the purposes of symbolizing a protest against the Vietnam War. School officials
got wind of the children's protest plans and created a policy that if student showed up at school
wearing black bands would be suspended and unable to return to school until they agreed to follow
the "no black arm band" policy. All three children still chose to wear the black arm bands to school
and all three were suspended from school. Issue(s): First Amendment (Freedom of Speech),
Fourteenth Amendment (Due Process) Court Decision(s): The Court ruled in favor of the students.
In accordance with the First Amendment, their actions were constitutional. It was not disruptive, nor
did it invade other's rights. However, this did not give unlimited freedom of speech to the students.
As long as they continued the "peaceful" protesting without causing distractions, they could
continue. Chief Justice: WARREN Legal Impact of the Decision: The new "no black arm bands"
policy at the schools did not prohibit all political symbols, but rather just singled out the black arm
bands used to support no involvement in

New Jersey Vs Tlo Case Study
Legal Research According to New Jersey v. T.L.O Supreme Court Case (1999), a teacher at
Piscataway High School in Middlesex County, New Jersey discovered two 14–year–old freshmen
smoking in a lavatory on March 7, 1980. Since smoking in the lavatory was a violation of a school
rule, the teacher took the two girls to the Principal's office, where they met with Theodore Choplick,
the Assistant Vice Principal. During questioning, one girl admitted that has had violated the school
rule, while the other girl, T.L.O, denied she smoked at all, much less that she had been smoking in
the lavatory. Becoming suspicious, Mr. Choplick asked T.L.O to come into his office and to see her
purse. Upon opening the purse, Mr. Choplick found a pack of cigarettes. When he went to grab for
the cigarettes he noticed a package of cigarette rolling papers. Suspecting evidence of drug use
could be found in the purse, Mr. Choplick proceeded to look through the purse. The searched
discovered a small amount of marijuana, a pipe, a number of empty ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
T.L.O, (1999), the cases of Terry v. Ohio, Hudson v. Palmer, and Rawlings v. Kentucky examined
that a search of a person is an invasion of privacy especially when searches are conduced on closed
items. However, the Fourth Amendment commands that searches and seizures be reasonable, and
what is reasonable depends on the situation in which the search takes place. Regardless of the child's
privacy, it is the administrators and teachers jobs to maintain discipline within schools. Several
cases such as, Terry v. Ohio, United States v. Brignoni–Ponce, Delaware v. Prouse, United States v.
Martinez–Fuerte, and Camara v. Municipal Court, that recognized the legality of searches and
seizures based on reasonable suspicion and not probable cause. Therefore, the Court decided that the
legality of a search of a student should depend simply on the reasonableness of the search and
"justified at its inception" ("New Jersey v. T.L.O,"

Essay on Corporal Punishment
The deciding factor in the future of corporal punishment is seen in the Ingraham v. Wright Supreme
Court case. In 1970, James Ingraham, an eighth grade student of Drew Junior High School was one
of the many beneficiaries of corporal punishment distributed by Willie Wright, the principal of the
high school. The rationality behind Ingraham's punishment was that he was slow to respond to his
teacher instructions. As a result, his teacher sent him to the principal office where he bent over the
table was given twenty licks with a paddle. The paddling was so severe, according to the Ingraham's
doctor, he needed to miss weeks of school due to hematoma on his buttocks. Defined by Merriam–
Webster, a hematoma is clotted blood that forms in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He continues to say, this can develop to be too expensive and time consuming and that the country
is split on this issue... yet we can discern no trend towards the elimination of corporal punishment
by making it so costly (Hyman and Wise, 1979, p. 184).
After a losing battle Ingraham faced, both in the U.S. and State Supreme Court, Principal Wright
and his colleagues around the country were able to continue in practicing physical discipline, even
with the new added uncertainty surrounding it. This case increased the awareness of corporal
punishment in Florida and around the country, especially extreme where this level of discipline was
displayed in schools. As seen in this trial, the collaborative effort by the justice departments and
their want to stay out of state–based issues, sided with the Florida law and educational system
because they believed that the actions toward Ingraham and Andrews were justifiable on the basis
that they were in school and because educators performed the punishment. Questions that I have
developed. The first question is why? Why did the teacher not reprimand the student? Why make
the student miss any class time because he did not respond? Why punish a student because you feel
that the student is not going to be late for class? Were we not taught that late is better than never?
More specifically,

The Importance Of Corporal Punishment In Education
Corporal punishment has been practiced for many centuries, available throughout many countries.
This form of punishment is thought to be an effective method for obedience. However, corporal
punishment is becoming a growing concern throughout the US. Multiple research reveals that the
obedience gained from corporal punishment lasts only for a short amount of time and may cause
other issues, both mentally and physically. Each individual has a set of ethics that differs from every
other person. Due to this difference, there have been many controversies in the use of corporal
punishment. This becomes an issue in multiple environments for teachers and parents alike. As said
before, each individual's set of ethics differethical frame differs and thus each teacher must
incorporate their own ethics into the educational environment. Since there are no defining lines for
the degrees of physical pain dealt to the students,#there are line 2017 its called abuse it is up to
those in charge to see if the physical punishment was fit for the act of disobedience. In Asian
countries, such as India, corporal punishment is often used for academic reasons, howeverbut
western countries, such as the United States, often incorporate corporal punishment to reinforce the
compliance of students. Educators need to reexamine the situation and gauge the student body's
voice.
To understand the complex relation between the educators and students, the ethical frames must be
known. According to Ashwini

The Incident Between Adrian Peterson And His Four Year Old...
This paper seeks to look at the incident between Adrian Peterson and his four–year–old son from the
son's perspective. There are no benefits to hitting a child and causing such undeserved pain and
suffering. There is disagreement as to whether the problems with physical punishment are problems
with frequent and/or harsh punishment or whether problem also exist with infrequent and mild level
of punishment. This paper will look at the upbringing of Peterson and the incident and negative
effects this incident had on his son. Parents have a wide discretion to administer reasonable
punishment of their children. A parent may spank a child who has misbehaved without being liable
for battery, or he may temporarily order the child to stay in his room as punishment, yet not be held
responsible for false imprisonment.
What does Corporal punishment mean? Murray Straus, a sociologist who has written extensively on
the topic, defines corporal punishment as "the use of physical force with the intention of causing a
child to experience pain, but not hurt, for the purpose of correction or control of the child's
behavior." Some common forms of corporal punishment are: spanking, slapping, grabbing or
shoving a child roughly or hitting with objects like belt, paddle, or hair brush.
The debate on parenting is a very interesting topic. There are always two sides to a debate. Parents
have viewed spanking and discipline as a key if not the key to ensure a child can survive and adapt
to

The Tinker Vs. Des Moines Case
United States is one of the few nations that guarantees and protects freedom of expression of its
citizens. Freedom of expression is defined as a right to voice ones beliefs and ideas without any
harm. Under the Bill of Rights, the government has no power to restrict these unalienable rights.
The First Amendment is exceedingly important to the liberty and freedom of individuals. It
guarantees citizens the ability to express themselves, worship, voice their opinions, and rally to
situations they disapprove of and want to be heard. A great amount of laws and cases pertain to
adults and their freedom. It is often unrealized that adolescents and teenagers endure the same issues
in their lives.
The Tinker vs. Des Moines case helped determined and interpret legal rights of young citizens for
the first time. A group of students made a decision to wear black armbands to school to support a
peace establishing agreement during the Vietnam War. As a result, the participating students; Mary
Beth Tinker, Christopher Eckhardt, and John Tinker got suspended for their actions (Tinker v. Des
Moines Independent Community School District).The school outlawed and attempted to penalize
petitioners for a "silent, passive expression of opinion", that didn't cause any commotion (Tinker v.
Des Moines Independent Community School Dist). The parents decided to sue the school for
disrespecting the student's constitutional rights of expression.
The court decision was in favor of the students and

Black Athlete
Legislating the Family: Heterosexist Bias in Social Welfare Policy Frameworks Amy Lind
University of Virginia Studies in Women and Gender Program This article addresses the effects of
heterosexist bias in social welfare policy frameworks on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender
(LGBT) individuals and families in the United States. It discusses the Personal Responsibility and
Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), federal
definitions of family and household, and stereotypes about LGBT individuals. It argues that poor
LGBT individuals and families lack full citizen rights and access to needed social services as a
result of these explicit and implicit biases. Key words: Welfare reform; family ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Jones observe (2002: 15). In these ways, institutionalized heterosexuality is central to some of the
key motivation(s) behind and design of public policy frameworks in the United States. By
"institutionalized heterosexuality" I am referring to the set of ideas, institutions and relationships
that make the heterosexual family the societal norm, while rendering homosexual/queer families
"abnormal" or "deviant" (Ingraham 1999). My queer analysis of social welfare involves examining
how sexuality and gender can be rethought and reorganized in economic and social policy
frameworks, theories and practices. Throughout the article I examine how heterosexuality is
assumed to be the natural basis for defining the family, and by extension, society, both explicitly (by
excluding LGBT people from the analysis and by stigmatizing certain individuals as "non–family"
or "anti–family") and implicitly (by assuming that all people are heterosexual, that marriage is a
given and exists only between a traditionally–defined man and woman, and that all people fit more
or less into traditional gender roles; see Foucault 1978; Fraser and Gordon 1994; Ingraham 1999;
Phelan 2001;

Ethical Responsiveness Of The Criminal Justice System
Explain how the criminal justice system (Cops, Courts, or Corrections) is establishing and
maintaining ethical
standards to address unethical behaviors.
The criminal justice system is comprised of three major institutions which process a case from
inception,
through trial, to punishment. Though a number of rights derived from the Constitution protect the
accused from
abuses and overreaching from law enforcement officer. Much like the law enforcement stage of a
case, there are
dozens of restrictions on the court's ability to prosecute a case, including the right to confront one's
accusers, the
right against incriminating one's self. If the defendant is convicted and the charges merit jail time,
they will be sent to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If Prison is the sentence then the felon goes to prison and that is where the Correctional Officer
comes in
at.
Correctional Officer: As you know the police officer is with the felon for maybe a hour and they are
done.
Correctional Officers are the unknown people to criminal justice. However, barriers to effective
problem solving can
develop in almost any situation (Welsh & Harris, 2004). As stated in one of the peer–revised
articles, we compared
the punitiveness of two groups following a manipulation in which participants were either able to
cheat on a simple

number–matching task, by taking more money than they rightfully earned, or prevented from doing
so on the same
task. One of the most persistent factors affecting ethical decision making is our social structures and
social norms.
Many of the factors involved with ethical decision making appear to be cues to social interactions–
darkness is
considered a measure of anonymity (Zhong, Bohns, & Gino, 2010). Ethics is a code of values which
guides our
choices and actions and determines the purpose and course of our lives. Ethics is the demonstration
of character.
Ethics in law enforcement include values, norms, morals, conduct, and integrity. Law enforcement
is taught

Persuasive Speech : Justice Scalia And Justice Breyer
Third Person: Welcome ladies and gentlemen. I thank you all for being present today for a
discussion with Justice Scalia and Justice Breyer. Welcome Justice Scalia and Justice Breyer. Your
honors, it is a great honor. Scalia: We thank you for inviting us. Well, shall we begin the discussion?
Third Person: Of course. Today, I bring a topic of corporal punishment at schools. Breyer: Oh. The
topic reminds me of the Ingraham v. Wright case in 1977. It was a case brought by an eighth–grade
student named James Ingraham who claimed his principal, Willie J. Wright, had violated his Eighth
Amendment and due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment rights. Scalia: I also remember
the case. The majority ruled that corporal punishment did not violate the Eighth Amendment and the
due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because the Framers of the Constitution did not
write the amendment under consideration of students, and the Florida state law permitted corporal
punishment. Although both of us were not at the United States Supreme Court during the case, I
agree with the majority. When I hear the case, I look into the history, purpose, tradition, precedent,
consequence, and text. Among those, history, purpose, and text are the most important factors to
consider when ruling the case. The Eighth Amendment was written to protect criminals from 'cruel
and unusual punishment'. Although the word, 'criminal' was not written, the content implied the
subject of the amendment to be

The Problems Of School With Student Discipline
According to Webster ethics is defined as: "pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of
morality; pertaining to right and wrong in conduct or being in accordance with the rules or standards
for right conduct or practice, especially the standards of a profession". For this Critical Research
Paper, I decided to focus on the problems that we are having in school with student discipline.
Teachers are confronted with many challenges, from stimulating halfhearted learners to calming or
subduing undisciplined students. We as teachers are working with children whose minds are
susceptible to every thought and whim that they are exposed to, teachers need to remember to
review their ethics every day. Although it may be easy to differentiate unethical behavior, what
would you do if the things you believe are unethical were the standard for your campus? What, then,
is the right choice? "Perhaps there is no area of school law of more interest to parents and the
general public than student discipline" (Wash, Kemerer and Maniotis).
"The starting point for any discussion of the law and student discipline is "due process," a term that
is frequently misunderstood. The expression comes from the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to
the U.S Constitution, both of which require that the state provide "due process" to an individual
prior to taking from that person "life, liberty, or property." There are three key concepts necessary to
an understanding of the due process clause in our

The Bill Of Rights In Public Schools
Honors U.S History Mr. Irvine The Bill of Rights in Public Schools Every American citizen's basic
rights are protected by The Bill of Rights, however do these same rights apply to students of public
schools? Students attending public schools are not protected by the rights guaranteed by the bill of
rights. Aspects of the first amendment, fourth amendment, and eighth amendment do not apply to
public schools. American citizen's right of freedom of expression is a very import part of The Bill of
Rights and is deprived of many students in public schools. There are lots of different situations
where students of a public school are deprived of their right of free expression given in the fourth
amendment. One example of this is the case of Engel vs Vitale. This court case took place in 1962
when a parent of a child sued because of a New York State law that required students to recite a
nondenominational prayer every morning, "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon
Thee, and beg Thy blessings upon us, our teachers, and our country". This law goes against the
Establishment of Religion clause of the fourth amendment. Another violation of The Bill of Rights
is the Tinker v. Des Moines case. This case took place in 1969 when two students, MaryBeth Tinker,
and her brother wore black armbands to protest the Vietnam war. However, the result of this action,
according to the article, Supreme Court Landmarks from the United States Courts, " Fearing a
disruption, the

Corporal Punishment Is The Best Form Of Parenting
Corporal Punishment Many parents argue whether or not corporal punishment is the best form of
parenting. All around America, corporal punishment is and always has been accepted as the correct
way to discipline children. More recently, the practice has been challenged, but despite much
research, many Americans are still not convinced that there is a better way. Unlike drinking milk,
smoking, and texting while driving, corporal punishment remains a silenced public health issue.
Corporal punishment should be stopped in all American schools and homes. Not much is known
about the history of treatment of children, but from what is known, it does not seem to reflect any of
today's values whatsoever. In ancient Sparta, infants that did not match the standards were often left
to die in the wilderness. At the peak of childhood, seven–year–old male children were trained to be
warriors and survivalists. Female children were also put through training, but instead of fighting,
they were placed in a training program to be educated and kept strong. An annual ritual took place
where boys' endurance was tested by whipping them, which occasionally resulted in death. In the
Middle Ages, children were regarded as smaller versions of adults and there was no belief in a
childhood. Infants were commonly killed and punishments for older children were often cruel and
terrible; although, the intention was to instill righteous behavior. By 18th century England,
childhood was regarded as innocent, but

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Corporal Punishment And Its Effect On Children
Each of the reviews has a different viewpoint on corporal punishment; some of the reviews take a
look at who is most affected by corporal punishment in terms of focusing their lens on race, socio–
economic status, gender, culture etc. Some also take a critical look at the advantages and
disadvantages of corporal punishment. Some take a look at the widespread of corporal punishment
in the US. Cases against corporal punishment and the effect of corporal punishment on children
were also looked into. With all the different ways corporal punishment has been looked into by
different research work, there is one common theme every one of them talks about and that is the
detrimental effect of corporal punishment on children. Alternative to corporal punishment is what
every one of them recommended.
My perspective on this is that discipline has no gender or color. Childhood development stages are
phases every child passes through at one time or another, almost with the same level of innocent
stupidity. Correcting innocent stupidity should not bring any harm to any child. There are other
workable and result oriented alternatives to corporal punishment. With my position as a Mom, I
have come to figure out that starting early enough to apply alternative to corporal punishment yields
very positive result. The use of corporal punishment in homes and schools has been widely debated.
Corporal punishment is harmful to children. It could lead to emotional, psychological and physical
problems.

Consequences Of PBL Corporal Punishment
PBL Corporal Punishment April 19, 2017, will mark the fortieth anniversary of the historic
Ingraham v. Wright ruling. Although perhaps not as well–known as other Supreme Court cases such,
as Marbury v. Madison (which will forever be tattooed on any U.S. History student's brain), it is still
a milestone in America's past, one whose repercussions echo to this day. Ingraham v. Wright
concluded that corporal punishment in schools was not a violation of a student's constitutional
rights, as James Ingraham, a student whose severe punishment necessitated medical attention, had
proposed (Oluwole). In the end, the judge adhered to this American tradition by defending it as
reasonable, not excessive, and by allowing it to continue with only a few regulations ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wright case. Forty years since the United States, the same country whose constitution protects its
citizen from cruel and unusual punishment, defended physical aggression against children. It's been
forty years, and many things have changed: the Iron Curtain fell, Britney Spears had her iconic
mental breakdown, and (thankfully) parachute pants went out of style. However, corporal
punishment has continued to be practiced in thousands of schools, despite innumerable case studies,
experiments, and testimonies that deny its validity. Corporal punishment should stop being practiced
in schools because it does not fix behavioral issues and because it leaves lasting physical and
emotional scars on a child. It is a relic of a different era, a method that has been tried and that has
failed. Why our society continues to implement this unqualified method astonishes not only
American citizens, but nations across the world. America, you laud yourself on your equality, your
fairness, your haven for the oppressed and beaten down. However, both allow and defend
unconstitutional, cruel punishment in you schools, where your children spend their days. It is time to
end this practice, if not for the morality of the situation, but for the cost it places on your forward

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