apa citation style

1. TSEM:
Plagiarism and
APA Style
Laksamee Putnam – Research &
Instruction Librarian
Slides:
http://bit.ly/tsemlutherfall2015c3
Please login to a computer
and go to this URL

2. First…
 Laksamee Putnam
 lputnam@towson.edu
 Cook Library Reference:
 410.704.2462.
 IM/email
 Phone: 410.704.3746.
 Twitter: @CookLibraryofTU
 Albert S. Cook facebook profile

3. Agenda
 Class discussion
 APA citation style
 APA worksheet

4. It’s out there, why not reuse it?
ImagebyDuaneHoffmann
www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32657885
Sydell. L. (2015) Online stars feel
cheated as YouTube/Facebook battle
over videos. All Tech
Considered/Morning Edition.
http://bit.ly/youtubevsfacebookvideo
Lang, J.M. (2015) Cheating
inadvertently. The Chronicle of Higher
Education. Retrieved from
http://chronicle.com/article/Cheating
-Inadvertently/229883/
Godin, S. (2014) Why I want you to
steal my ideas. ideas.ted.com
Retrieved from
http://ideas.ted.com/2014/02/03/the-
big-mistake-we-all-make-about-ideas/
• What is your definition
of plagiarism?
• What makes some
plagiarism “wrong” or
“right”?

5. Pre-class citation
Cite this article: http://bit.ly/RYQ2Nz
Kinlaw, C.R., Dunlap, L.L., & D’Angelo, J.A.
(2012). Relations between faculty use of
online academic resources and student
class attendance. Computers &
Education, 59(2), 167-172.
doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.12.028

6. APA Style
 Citations

7. APA Style
 References

8. Style Manuals
 Different disciplines use different
style manuals
 Social Sciences = American
Psychological Association (APA)
 Humanities = MLA Handbook for
Writers of Research Papers (MLA)

9. The point is…
 Acknowledge where you found the
information
 Briefly identify the source
 Allows others to find additional
information

10. What needs to be cited?
 Books
 Web Pages
 Magazine articles
 Graphics
 VHS,DVD, audio, etc.
 Government reports
 Statistics
 Encyclopedia articles
 Any source of information!

11. What needs to be cited?
 Direct quotes
 Ideas borrowed
 Paraphrased material

12. In-text Citation needs:
 Direct Quote
 All authors’ last names
 Year of publication
 Page number
 Paraphrase
 All authors’ last names
 Year of publication

13. Direct Quote: In-text citation
 Obesity was once considered “either a
moral failing or evidence of underlying
psychopathology” (Yanovski and
Yanovski, 2002, p. 592).
 A relationship is defined as “the
interdependence between two or more
people” (Coombs, 2001, p.106).

14. Direct Quote: In-text citation
 Longer than 40 words?
 Indented five spaces from left margin in
block format
 Usually it is better to paraphrase

15. The wrong way to paraphrase:
Failure to Cite Source
 Original
 “They desire, for
example, virtue and
the absence of vice,
no less really than
pleasure and the
absence of pain.”
 Source: Mill, John Stuart.
“Utilitarianism.” On Liberty and
Other Essays. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1998. Quote is
from page 169.
 Paraphrase
 People want
morality just as much
as they want
happiness.

16. The wrong way to paraphrase:
Lack of Significant Rewording
 Original
 “To the young
American architects
who made the
pilgrimage, the most
dazzling figure of all
was Walter Gropius,
founder of the
Bauhaus School.”
 Source: Wolfe, Tom. From Bauhaus
to Our House. New York: Farrar
Straus Giroux, 1981. Quote is from
page 10.
 Paraphrase
 To young American
architects who went
to Germany, the
most dazzling figure
was Walter Gropius,
founder of the
Bauhaus School
(Wolfe, 1981).

17. Paraphrase: In-text citation
 Original
 America today has
veered too far in the
direction of formal
testing without
adequate
consideration of the
costs and limitations
of an exclusive
emphasis on that
approach.
 Paraphrase
 In the United States,
the education system
places too much
emphasis on formal
testing, overlooking the
limitations and
expenses imposed
when that assessment
strategy is employed
exclusively (Gardner,
1993).

18. Paraphrase: In-text citation
 Original
 The Republican
Convention of 1860
… is sometimes seen
as a symbol of Whig
triumph within the
party. A closer look,
however, indicates
that the Whig’s
triumph within the
party was of a very
tentative nature.”
 Paraphrase
 Contrary to many
historians, Eric Foner
(1995)argues that
the Republican
platform of 1860
should not be
understood as an
indication of Whig
dominance of the
party.

19. In-text Citations
 More than one author
 Two authors
 Greenfield and Savage (1990)
 (Greenfield & Savage, 1990, p. 567)
 Three to five authors
 You must first identify all of the authors either in the signal phrase or the
first citation.
 Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, and Bever (1979) believed…
 (Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, & Bever, 1979)
 After you have identified all, you may use “et al.”
 Terrace et al. (1979) stated……
 (Terrace et al., 1979)
 Six or more authors
 Use first authors last name and then et al.

20. In-text Citations
 Organization as author
 Government or other organization
 Use organization name as author in signal
phrase
 Use organization in parenthetical citation
 The National Institute of Mental Health
(2001)…
 (National Institute of Mental Health, 2001)

21. Special cases
 If you have more than one author with
the same last name, use the first initial in
the citation
 (Smith, A., 2002)
 If you have more than one work in the
same year by the same author, use letters
a, b, c, etc. to indicate correct source
 (Entman, 2004a)

22. References
 The in-text citation must match up with the references
entry
 Use the heading “References” at the top of a new
page
 List entries alphabetically
 Author’s last name (if no author, then by organization
name or title)
 Double space each entry
 No extra spaces between entries
 If over one line, entry should have a hanging indent

24. References - Website
 Create a reference for this website
 Author or sponsoring organization:
 Last update or Copyright date?:
 Title of page:
 Format if applicable:
 Retrieved from:

25. References - Website
 Create a reference for this website
 Author or sponsoring organization: U.S. Department of Health &
Human Services
 Last update or Copyright date?: (n.d.).
 Title of page: What is cyberbullying.
 Format if applicable:
 Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-
it/index.html

26. Website example
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
(n.d.). What is cyberbullying. Retrieved from
http://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/w
hat-is-it/index.html
Notes:
1. If you can’t find a date n.d. is inserted as an abbreviation for No Date
2. No italics!
3. Format is inserted between [brackets] and can be used for [Video file]
[Brochure] etc.
4. Date retrieved is only required if content is likely to change

27. References – Books
 Create a reference for this book
 Book authors or editors:
 Last name
 First letter of first name and middle initial
 Date of publication:
 Book Title:
 Publication information:
 City and state
 Publisher

28. References – Books
 Create a reference for this book
 Book authors or editors: Grant, J.
 Date of publication: (1994).
 Book Title: I hate school!: Some common
sense answers for educators & parents who
want to know why & what to do about it
 Publication information: Rosemont, NJ:
Modern Learning Press.

29. Book Example
Grant, J. (1994). I hate school!: Some common sense
answers for educators & parents who want to
know why & what to do about it. Rosemont, NJ:
Modern Learning Press.
Notes:
1. Periods must follow first letter of author’s name and middle initial,
publication date, book title, and publisher.
2. Book title is always in italics.
3. Only capitalize the first letter of book title, any letter following a colon (:),
and proper nouns.

30. References – Journals
 Create a reference for this journal article
 Article author:
 Last name
 First letter of first name and middle initial
 Date of publication:
 Article title:
 Periodical title:
 Publication information:
 Volume number and issue number (if available)
 Page numbers
 Digital Object Identifier number:

31. References – Journals
 Create a reference for this journal article
 Article author: Peleg, R., & Baram-Tsabari, A.
 Date of publication: (2011).
 Article title: Atom surprise: Using theatre in primary
science education.
 Periodical title: Journal of Science Education &
Technology,
 Publication information: 20(5), 508-524.
 Digital Object Identifier number: doi:10.1007/s10956-011-
9299-yx

32. Journal Example
Peleg, R., & Baram-Tsabari, A. (2011). Atom surprise: Using theatre
in primary science education. Journal of Science Education
& Technology, 20(5), 508-524. doi:10.1007/s10956-011-9299-y
Notes:
1. Periods must follow first letter of author’s first and middle initial, publication
date, article title, and publication information.
2. A comma will follow the author’s last name, first initial (if more than one
author), journal title and volume number.
3. Article title is never italicized – always written normal.
4. Always italicize: journal title, volume number, and the commas before and
after volume number. Journal title follows capitol case lettering.
5. Only capitalize the first letter of article title, any letter following a colon (:),
and proper nouns.
6. Place a space between author first name and middle initial

33. Journal Articles Extra Info
 Articles retrieved from a database such as
EBSCO or PsycINFO do not need to
include database information
 Articles not including a doi number should
contain the journal URL after the page
numbers such as
 Retrieved from http://js.sagamorepub.com/pe

34. Library Resources for APA

35. Practice creating citations
 Go here to complete the plagiarism
worksheet
 http://bit.ly/tsemapapractice
 Please ask if you have questions!
 Please provide feedback for ALL the
library sessions here
 http://bit.ly/TUlibraryfeedback

36. Questions?
 Feel free to contact me:
 Laksamee Putnam
 lputnam@towson.edu
 410.704.3746.
 Twitter: @CookLibraryofTU
 Or any reference librarian:
 Visit Cook Library Reference Desk
 410.704.2462.
 IM – tucookchat