Feminist Theory Essay Ideas

The Feminist Theory Essays
Feminists rely chiefly on the contention that the traditional analysis of world politics is
fundamentally gendered. Gender–sensitive analysis begins with the premise that societal institutions
are made by humans and are therefore changeable by humans. Feminists systematically deconstruct
the notions traditionally held by realists and taken for granted as how the world works.
Gender–sensitive analysis takes many factors into consideration that the realist does not. As history
dictates, the world, both in the domestic and international scenes, has been predominantly ruled by
men. Women have historically been almost entirely excluded from policy–making positions
throughout the world. Until recently there have been almost no women ... Show more content on
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Through gendered analysis, i.e. without taking into consideration those qualities we have come to
categorize as 'feminine', traditional realist theory has ignored what may well be a fundamental
aspect of human nature.
Feminist theory questions the traditional Waltzian levels of analysis. They contend that the
individual, the state and the international system are arbitrarily determined and are not discrete
levels of analysis. They hold that they are, in fact, "mutually reinforcing constructs, each based on
behaviors associated with hegemonic masculinity" (Tickner, 131).
Feminists attack what some have termed "economic man" and "political man". These figures,
constructed out of masculine characteristics, have been defined by autonomy, independence, power–
over relations, and an instrumental notion of reality (Tickner, 131). These constructs have become
an integral part of the traditional analysis of world politics. Feminists attempt to deconstruct these
(traditionally) highly valued notions by contending that there are other human characteristics, such
as the desire for community, interdependence, and cooperation that define human nature as much as
the traditional.
Some feminists argue that male–dominated foreign policy making marginalizes the importance of
individuals and their families "in the name of an abstract conception of the 'national interest'" (True,
121). Christine Sylvester specifically
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Passive Feminist
The dictionary tells us that feminist are women fighting for political, social, and personal equality.
The dictionary however, is not always correct because anyone in society, whether young or old, man
or woman, can be a feminist. What makes a person an active feminist, a passive feminist or if they
are solely against feminism? Many people have passively agreed with feminist ideals without
realizing they are doing so. I can say I am a passive feminist because I disagree with construction
signs indicating men working when woman may also be working at the same construction site, but
have never created action to change the name of the signs indicating construction. I have no problem
associating myself as a passive feminist because I agree with ... Show more content on
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Anthony and Disney I placed Anthony as an active feminist and Disney as a passive feminist. When
I look at America today, I would place a majority of men and woman under the passive feminist
category. I feel a majority of people fall into those ideals because there are small arguments
regarding feminist issues, but no action is taken on a broader scale to promote change. When I think
of a feminist I think of someone such as Susan B. Anthony, who did something regarding women's
rights and made a positive change within society. In today's society, technology regulates much of
our daily life and technology is where people go to voice their opinions about feminist ideals. Often
times, celebrities will tweet about how woman can stand alone from men and how woman should
not be sent home for what they wear because it could distract a male classmate. Those tweets
circulate for a while but are soon forgotten. Those celebrities who type those messages are not an
active feminist, they are simply an American utilizing their right of freedom of press under the First
Amendment. Anyone can be a feminist, but to be a feminist he or she needs to do more than tweet to
create change. Circulating the idea is a minimal step, one needs to advocate the issue on a more
public level to create change for woman and therefore be considered an active feminist. Some
celebrities often argue for woman having more equality with men and their ideals follow feminist's
ideals, but they deny ever associating themselves with the word. These people feel that if they say
they are a feminist than, they are saying that woman are better and more superior then men. These
celebrities are acting as passive feminist who are voicing their opinions about subjects related to the
matter but doing nothing more to create change. In another sense some celebrities are active feminist
and want to promote change but will still deny associating themselves with the name. People feel
that if they

Feminist Geography
Feminist Geography
Since its conception, geography has been involved in the development of races and genders,
mapping the boundaries that separate and exclude the world of privilege from the other. The
imposing eyes that facilitated this domination have recently been challenged to quash their
perpetuation of racial difference, and although existing more obscurely, to challenge the sexist
legacy remaining in geography.
"As part of geography, feminist approaches within our discipline take the same set of central
concepts as their focus as other sub–areas of geography. Thus over the decade feminist geographers
have addressed three of the central concepts of the discipline – space, place and nature – and the ...
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The under–representation that occurs at the moment can also be linked to similar practices occurring
in the nineteenth century; "the gendering of science in the nineteenth century effectively excluded
women, both from science in general and those particular techniques that loosely constituted
physical geography in the years before the institutionalization of the discipline" (McEwan, 1998).
This problem is not helped by the situation today that the differences in numbers of female human
and physical geographers is negligible;
"women are almost equally likely to be physical geographers as they are to be human geographers"
(Bartram & Shobrook, 1998). If this is the case, then feminist geography is definitely less about
feminism and more about geography since we must first strive to explain this apparent phenomenon
and then redress the balance. One explanation offered through feminist scholarship follows thus; "in
particular,

Feminist Synthesis
By "essentialism," Barry refers to the "pure essence of the feminine" which is assumed through
Cixous' concept of écriture feminine (128). This idea is one which identifies femininity as a "given
entity which is somehow just mysteriously 'there'" in a singular form, thus denying its existence as a
social construct that is shaped and conditioned in unique ways across different cultures (128).
Cixous presents it as "impregnable" to any form of conditioning, therefore characterizing the
writing's syntax with spirit that naturally emanates due to one's physical existence as a woman
(128). These "overarching generalizations" ultimately limit women to a very narrow identity
category, consequently granting the ability to critique the concept's

Feminist Interview
Well, for this interview doing this was nothing new to me mainly because I was recently in another
Women Studies class and we always had to do something or this sort and hear people's different
perspectives about certain issues. But the people I decided to interview were women who I knew
were college educated and worked in three different type of career fields. Furthermore I decided to
interview all women and in particularly I interviewed a women who worked for the government, a
woman in the medical field, and finally a college professor. The reason I picked these particular
ladies because I knew I would get three different answers but also the same answer for how it
corresponds with their careers. When conducting the first interview which ... Show more content on
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Well when the interview started out she didn't know what feminism was as well but what she though
it was included the lifestyle of women and gender equality. My second interviewee answer was yes
she qualifies herself as a feminist and she for anything that is for the empowering of women and
anything that will push them forward. She believes that women over the years have been a pillar
towards men and women are starting to dominate fields that were originally for men especially in
the hospital. Well from this interview the answers didn't surprise me as well because this person is
my sister and I am starting to get the impression after a while people seem to forget about the
aspects of feminism and what actually is going on. But moving on to the last interview with a
Professor at BG. The reason I choose this women in particular because she also is a women studies
teacher and I wanted to get her opinion and how she felt about this. I didn't experience anything bad
from this professor as always she answered the questions thoroughly and gave me some great
answers. Well previously having a class with this teacher I knew she was a feminist just by the
topics we used to talk about and how she expressed her feelings towards it. Out of all the interviews
I had I do agree with what everyone has been saying and how it relates to my own personal opinion
about

Feminist Steampunk Feminist
Steampunk Feminist is curated by Wilhelmina Thomas, Cos–player, student of history, Docent Oak
Hill Cemetery and volunteer at the Birmingham Museum of Art, who is looking forward to earning
an Associate degree in Architectural Design and Drafting Technology in 2016.
Feminist Steampunk was established in 2011. It is a Facebook page only; there is no website or
other type of Internet presence. I do not have the time, expertise or equipment for more. The current
mission is to provide historical reference for female Steampunkers, follow feminist issues in
fandom, promote female artist, diversity and encourage dialogues about women history and
diversity. Within the Steampunk community most female characters are taken from literary
conventions and other fictional sources (mostly created by males); there were and still are few ...
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I have been banned from a few and left a few because of derogatory remarks which I felt reflected
conscious and unconscious racist pints of view. After all this is just a hobby, a form of
entertainment, not a job. If someone does not appreciate my input I should leave. Let's face it, I have
an agenda. My agenda is to promote non–mainstream histories, point of views, images and to start
dialogues which include many points of views. What surprise me the most about curating Feminist
Steampunk is just how many people have the same agenda and how they interact with the page. For
most of our history Feminist Steampunk has had a small loyal fan base that are very articulate about
their likes and dislikes without being abusive or discouraging. When I add content they do no like or
they think needs more research they let me know or provide more links. I love it when I learn
something new. It is always wonderful when I get a thank you from a follower, a comment about
adding something to a to do list, to a reading list or I did that and here is the

Feminist Theory : A Feminist Life
Writer, feminist theorist, and professor Sara Ahmed wrote Living a Feminist Life alongside her blog
feministkilljoys.com. She started writing it before and completed it after her resignation in 2016
from her post as director of the Centre for Feminist Research at Goldsmiths at the University of
London after a lengthy struggle to hold the school accountable for incidents of sexual harassment on
campus (Ahmed, n.d.). Her resignation, and location both in and out of the academy informed a lot
of the content of this book. In her work, Ahmed successfully argues that feminist theory is generated
from everyday life and the ordinary experiences of being a feminist at work and at home. Living a
Feminist Life is well supported through Ahmed's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She starts with experiences that she had growing up, and concludes by demonstrating how these
individual experiences are ways of integrating oneself into a collective feminist history.
Ahmed structures the second section of this book, "Diversity Work" (Chapters 4–6), by using the
concept of diversity work to show how efforts to transform organizations, such as universities, relate
to everyday experiences and the creation of feminist theory. Moreover, she examines diversity work
in two senses: the work that we do when we aim to transform the norms of an institution, and the
work we do when we do not quite inhabit those norms. In the third section, "Living the
Consequences" (Chapters 7–9), Ahmed explores how being a feminist is also about living the
consequences of being a feminist, or describing oneself as a feminist. In this part of the book,
Ahmed discusses the consequences of being a feminist not only in terms of being worn out or worn
down by what we come up against, but also in terms of how we find the energy and resources to
keep going. Finally, Ahmed concludes her book with a two–part conclusion. The first part, titled the
"Killjoy Survival Kit" comprises a personal list of resources to sustain feminist labour, and the
second part, the "Killjoy Manifesto" offers practical tools for how we

Feminism : A Feminist Perspective
Throughout history, women have fought for equality in areas such as politics, religion, careers and
many more. Specifically, women fight to be treated with respect and equality in criminal justice and
law enforcement careers. Criminology in particular is one of the most male centered fields of study
in social sciences. As a female who plans to one day hold a career in this field, this issue is very
personal to me. In 1960, Canada and Britain began interest in the argument that women are ignored
in criminology. After this, the second wave of feminism interest came mid–twentieth century. This
wave led to renewed interest in female offenders.
Feminism is a set of theories and strategies to make gender the central focus in social change. This
will help in attempts to understand relationships, institutions and processes. To broadly summarize,
feminism is the belief that women are inherently of equal worth to men. Many feminist views
believe women suffer from oppression and discrimination due to living in a male dominated society.
When a society is run by a majority of males, the laws and customs are more likely to be created in
order to benefit their gender.
The first wave of feminism initially began in the 1800's when women began demanding the right to
vote. The peak of this first wave was between the years 1870–1928. In 1920, the nineteenth
amendment to the constitution was passed, finally granting women the right to vote.
Although this was a huge victory for women

Feminist Theology
Feminist Theology
Feminist theology is based on the idea of "not lord but brother". Jesus Christ himself stepped outside
of societies norms by befriending the outcasts of society, which included women. Women are often
portrayed as the cause of or focus of evil and misdeeds in the bible. The focus of feminist theology
is the perspective of theology from those who were outcast and therefore considered themselves as
equals and friends to Jesus Christ. "If there is anything they desire to know, let them ask their
husbands. For it is shameful for a woman to speak in church." (1 Cor.14:33–35) Feminist
theologians are logical and educated with their approach to the view of the Lord as an equal who is
to be believed in and epitomized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Holy Spirit itself seems to have a feminine quality to its nature. The mystery of the Trinity is by
no means that simple. But the fact that it is a mystery would indicate that it is presumptive to assume
that any part of the Trinity other than Jesus is either male or female. The significance of Jesus is not
his maleness but his humanness. In the movie, The DaVinci Code, (although many liberties are
taken with the biblical basis and texts), there is a very real focus on the feminine idea behind
Christianity. What if women were supposed to carry on the Christian tradition and the church? This
idea shakes the very foundation of early and modern Christianity to the core. The Bible itself was
written by men, the Council at Nicaea was attended by men, is it so far fetched that maybe the men
got it wrong? This idea is radical but has an affect on the feminist perspective that is found in
several sources of research. There are several ideas from a feminine point–of–view that even change
the focus of Jesus as simply a man.
There is much feminist imagery related to Jesus as well. He gave birth to humanity through his
death. This "birth" language is feminine and using maternal images to describe the life, teachings
and sufferings of Jesus is powerful indeed. It has the potential to link inevitable stereotypes for
woman to be mothers and nothing else but women in the church have left their mark

Feminist Inequality
Considered superiority to be tendered man accustomed by women to respect men. Whether at home
or any work environment. There is no equality between genders, even men who identify as gay may
not have the same privileges. And as a feminist, all I seek is for equality. The effort the feminists'
strive for equality inspired me to seek equality, because a female deserves to be valued just as a
male. The understanding of inequality is from the friendship of females I am a part of. My female
friends have more masculine traits compared to me and I appreciate their strong traits, but females
should be treated with respect and carry the same value, not degraded for being a woman. Women
are just as capable as men, but are not recognized. My friends are ... Show more content on
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Just because one has an entitlement of being a man, does not give the right to be above women.
Females are taken advantage of sexually, verbally, and consciously. It is wrong and should be
handled. Being a man will give me an advantage positively. How women are treated and degraded is
not acceptable to me. Females have amazing mind and great ideas, but are always brushed off and if
a man steals a woman's idea it is acknowledged and appreciated. I am a feminist to tell with a man's
advantage and spread equality. It is seen through many roles that there will be a greater male
representative compared to a female in any entitlement which should progress. In conclusion, I am a
feminist because I am a man. My word will be valued more, but brings sight to gender inequality.
Being a feminist, is to progress inequality within homes and community and not entitle gender to
compare which is more superior, but rather the

Feminist Theory
Feminism refers to political, cultural, and economic movements aimed at establishing greater rights,
legal protection for women, and or women's liberation. It includes some of the sociological theories
and philosophies concerned with issues of gender difference. Nancy Cott defines feminism as the
belief in the importance of gender equality, invalidating the idea of gender hierarchy as a socially
constructed concept.
Feminism has earned itself a bad reputation, but it never undermined gender differences that exist
between males and females. A man can never be as good a mother as a female can. Similarly, a
woman can never be as good a father as a male can. While accepting these anatomical and
physiological differences between the two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They challenge the assumption that gender oppression is the primary force of patriarchy. They
object to portrayals of women of non–Western societies as passive and voiceless victims and the
portrayal of Western women as modern, educated, and empowered.
Today, they struggle to fight gender oppression within their own cultural models of society rather
than through those imposed by the Western colonizers. They, thus, react against both universalizing
tendencies in Western feminist thought and a lack of attention to gender issues in mainstream
postcolonial thought.
Some postcolonial feminists, such as Chandra Talpade Mohanty and Black feminists, such as Angela
Davis and Alice Walker, are critical of Western feminism for being ethnocentric. Chandra Talpade
Mohanty criticizes Western feminism on the ground that it does not take into account the unique
experiences of women from third–world countries or the existence of feminisms indigenous to
third–world countries. This discourse is strongly related to African feminism and is also associated
with concepts such as black feminism, womanism, Africana womanism, motherism, Stiwanism,
negofeminism, chicana feminism, and femalism.
Pro–feminism is the support of feminism without implying that the supporter is a member of the
feminist movement. The term is most often used in reference to men who are actively

Feminist Theory Of Feminism
Introduction
How can we effect change in the world when only half of it is invited to feel welcome to participate
in the conversation ( Watson, 2014). In the feminist perspective, which is an extension of feminism,
there is support of equality for both women and men. Feminism is a belief that women and men
have equal rights and opportunities. There are many different branches in the feminist perspective,
one of the most interesting one is intersectional feminism. Intersectional feminism believes that
experiences of class, gender, and race can not be adequately understood unless we understand that
women of different races have different experiences.
Women of color are told everyday how they have to fit in with the beauty norms that ... Show more
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This period was concurrent with the anti–war and civil rights movements. Still persistent issues that
existed from the first wave carried on to the second wave. These issues regarded sexuality and
reproductive rights (2005).
The third wave of feminism started in the mid–1990's and is referred to as a response to the
perceived failures of the second wave. In the third wave we saw a new type of feminist. The new
feminist rejected that the notion of lipstick, high heels and exposed low cut necklines, identified
with male oppression. (Feminist and Intersectionality, 2017). The third wave of feminism also was
the first to emphasize that feminism was more specific to the rights of white women, rather than
women on minorities.
Intersectional feminism is often times called black feminism. It was coined as a movement by
Kimberlé
Crenshaw. The creation of this type of feminism was concurrent with the Civil Rights Movement.
Crenshaw believed that the intersectionality experience of black women was far more powerful than
the sum of their race and sex. She believed that observations that do not take intersectionality, fail to
accurately address how black women are subordinate (DeFrancisco & Palczewski, 2007).
Intersectional feminism argues that gender, race and class are intersecting oppressions ( Jones e.t al,
quoting Crenshaw, 2013). Intersectional feminism allows us to understand that while some women
are subject to sexism, some women are greater affected because

Feminist Manifesto
During these last thirteen weeks, I have discovered a lot about myself, not only as a student, but as a
feminist. Before taking this class, I knew that I wanted to be a feminist. I believed that women
should stand up and exercise their rights to be equal to men on every level. Be that as it may, I
lacked the education required to develop my own sense of feminism––my feminist manifesto, if you
will. When approaching the topic of feminism, every person needs to ask themselves a list of
questions: Who am I? Who do I want to be? What has influenced me as a person? How can I help?
These are the beckoning questions we, as developing and purposeful human beings, ask ourselves
every day, and these are the questions that will lead each and every person

Feminist Theory Of Feminism
Feminism is a figure of social philosophy and radical movement predominantly centered on and
determined by the familiarities of womenfolk. Whereas, commonly delivering an evaluation of
social interactions, countless advocates of feminism likewise, concentrate on studying gender
discrimination and the advancement of women's privileges, benefits and problems. Feminism is the
idea that women must have financial, social and political egalitarianism with men. This concept
signifies a political movement that helps to increase equivalence within a masculine and feminine
relationship. In a heterosexual relationship, both the male role and the female role ought to be
identical. Equivalent in various ways; they need to trust one another, take on the same
responsibilities, listen and admire one another.
Feminist theory is based on socio–phenomenon matters relatively than biological phenomenon. The
theory understands masculine and feminine disparity, but studies the social positions acted by
feminists to encourage the curiosities, concerns and moralities of women in society. Spotlights on
gender legislations, supremacy affairs and sexuality. The theory is also established on the belief that
women participate in supplementary positions in the society. They take on the household, education,
children and other positions within a day. The concept of feminism has, nevertheless, faced
obstacles in the shape of stereotyping by the close–minded individuals in society.
On the other hand,

Feminist Critique Of The Awakening
FThe Awakening: A Feminist Critique
The Awakening by Kate Chopin depicts the "awakening" of a lady named Edna
Pontellier. Set in New Orleans (Chopin 1), this novel follows Edna as she skirmishes with the life
she is living and the life she wants to live. Moreover, one could view Edna as a model of feminism
in her time. Chopin conveyed many feminist ideas throughout her writings in a time where it was
uncommon; Chopin wrote The Awakening in "a time when married women held no legal rights over
their bodies and when few other female and feminist writers hazarded openly to explore a woman's
sexual desire" (Beer, et al 88). Chopin expresses feminist ideas through the actions of Edna
Pontellier, supporting characters, and how Edna's husband both treats his wife and his stereotypical
view of women.
Throughout the novel, Edna becomes dissatisfied with her life, and decides that something needs to
change. Right from the beginning of the novel, Edna immediately defies her husband when she feels
she is being treated incorrectly. " She said nothing, and refused to answer her husband when he
questioned her" (Chopin 6). These subtle defiances monsoons into greater ones, transforming Edna
into a radical feminist. As Enda starts to realize what she desires, she figures out that "love and sex
do not necessarily coincide in the same object of desire" (Beer, et al 90). Edna decides to leave her
husband, saying that " I am no longer one of
Mr. Pontellier's possessions to dispose of or not. I give myself where I choose"(Chopin 108).
Spicher 2
Edna leaving her husband shows her independence from her husband and that she decides not to live
with these traditional stereotypes any longer.. Edna also undergoes a sexual realization. "
Edna grapples with the conflict between her romantic and sexual impulses, both urging her towards
adultery" (Beer, et al 91). Between her love for Robert (Chopin 91) and her affair with
Alcée (Chopin 92), her departure from her husband allows her to sexually explore, thus making her
more independent. All of the events described depict Edna's feminist attitudes towards her life. Even
though Edna is a prime example of a feminist figure, she isn't the sole feminist character in the
novel. Another illustration

Halsey: A Feminist Analysis
Though some people can be ignorant when it comes to what one can do or say, its good to
understand we all have different opinions on things, but you shouldn't say you believe or follow
something just because one of your peers does, its good to have a voice and state what you believe.
Margaret J. Wheatley once said, "There is no power for change greater than a community
discovering what it cares about"("Margaret J. Wheatley Quote"). The message behind the quote is
that when one can support one and other despite their own personal opinions, good things can come
out of it. You don't have to agree with what others say, but you should respect that they feel
differently than you might. This essay will show you how Halsey is connected to the idea ... Show
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It helps you think for yourself and make decisions based on your own needs. Independence also
helps you embrace who you really are, which means you'll learn to know care for others opinions.
You don't want to rely on your parents all of you life, because you should one day have what is
needed to form your own opinions ("Being Independent"). Surprisingly, it is needed to survive, this
is because you can't always rely on others, because in the end, you are the only one who has your
own back.. Which is a good thing. It is good to be there for yourself, and know how to care for
yourself. Those are essential for life, and for having a good self esteem ("Being Independent").
People who are dependent usually have a low self esteem, because they rely on others to make them
feel highly about oneself: "a person who is accustomed to being depend may become stuck in this
familiar behavior because it is comfortable and well known to them" ("Being

Intersectionality And The Feminist Movement
Ever since Intersectionality was introduced as a component of feminism, the movement has
progressed exponentially. All individuals have many different characteristics and diverse
experiences that influence them as beings. Intersectionality addresses the fact that feminism is not
just about gender, but about society as a whole. The idea is that feminism is there to help all women,
but the issue is privileged women often times don't see that they are ostracizing minorities.
Intersectionality is used as a framework for feminist analysis. It is also needed for the progression of
the feminist movement because it acknowledges all categories that shape lives and proves that
women's oppressions are not just because of their gender, but the interaction of structural influences.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Intersectionality theorizes from a position of simultaneity" (2012). This means that when thinking
about feminism and feminist movements, society cannot just think of one category but all
categories. For example, throughout history white feminists who advocated for equality among
gender, made movements but neglected the inclusion of women of color. If the concept of
intersectionality had existed during those shifts, women of color would not have been left out and
the progression would not only include white women and women of color, but those with
disabilities, transgendered people, all social

The Feminist Approach
Feminist literary criticism is approach that is most concerned with the role of women within the
context of literature. This includes how female characters are created and understood within any
given text, in addition to the role of female authors and female readers. This paper shall focus on
some of the theoretical concepts which have been contributed to the feminist literary discourse. It
shall compare and contrast aspects of theory put forth by three prominent feminist critics, while also
considering the arguments raised by three écriture feminine scholars. The feminist critics to be
considered in this essay are Simone de Beauvoir, Elaine Showalter, Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar.
Their arguments about the role of sexual difference, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Showalter also refers to this approach as "gynocritics", appropriated from the French terminology
"la gyncritique" (147). What this approach relies upon for its focus of analysis is the role women
themselves play in the creation and understanding of literature. The focus then is upon literature
created by women themselves, and is not limited in its analysis to female characters because of this.
Showalter describes this approach as "more self–contained and experimental, with connections to
other modes of new feminist research" (147). One of the majour goals in literary criticism that the
gynocritic approach aims for is the creation of a specialized language unique to the criticism of
female created literature. This is required, Showalter describes, in order to truly step away from the
male–dominated rhetoric often associated and employed in the criticism otherwise. The third
feminist critique to discuss is put forth by the theorists Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar, from their
text, "The Madwoman in the Attic". Within this text, Gilbert and Gubar discuss the phenomenon in
male–authored texts of creating two very distinct binary roles which categorize their female
characters. The female characters within these texts are either angels, so to speak, or monsters. As
Gilbert and Gubar identify, for "every angelically selfless Snow White must be

Feminist Judgments
Feminism: the advocacy of women's rights on the ground of equality of the sexes. The laws claims
to neutrality and objectivity have been challenged by the Feminist Judgements Project using
immanent critique to expose gender bias, reflecting the widely held belief that society will remain
underrepresented whilst the legal system is male dominated. The 'dynamic and innovative' project
involves the creation of alternative feminist judgements to significant English cases. Within this
essay I will use the "landmark judgement" of R v A (No 2) to consider how a court without female
voices "unconsciously favours male defendants" before defending the feminist judgement.
R v A (No 2) was decided in 2001 within the House of Lords and involved a challenge under the
Human Rights Act to the 'rape shield' section 41 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act.
The complainant met the defendant on 26th May 2000 after forming a sexual relationship with the
defendant's housemate. On 13th June 2000 the three friends went out drinking on the bank of the
River Thames but en route home the housemate collapsed and was taken to hospital. Early on 14th
June 2000 the complainant and the defendant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the Fawcett Society noting female underrepresentation as 'internationally embarrassing and
unacceptable in a modern, democratic society,' I agree that a declaration of incompatibility may be a
more appropriate remedy. R v Seaboyer highlighted that underrepresentation makes the law
'vulnerable to the application of private beliefs,' consequently amounting to a biased decision but a
declaration of incompatibility could stop

Equality: The Oppression Of A Feminist
I'm average. I don't hate you, I'm not looking to take over the world, and I certainly don't own a
"free the nipple shirt."
So if I were to tell you that I was a feminist, you may be surprised. And that's because our idea of
what a feminist is, is entirely distorted. Those responsible for this distortion however are not merely
immature boys and even more immature men, but many extremist feminist groups who in an attempt
to gain equality, are creating an even larger divide between the two genders.
I believe the end goal is unity, rather than divide. I recall sitting in my French 102 class at COC,
where the tendency was to veer off into less language related discussions. We began speaking about
FEMEN, an international women's movement of topless ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A divide that not only impacts how women are perceived, but how they're treated at home and in the
workplace. Why wouldn't every woman want to fight for equal pay and equal opportunity? Because
the reality in our country is that a woman is going to make seventy–eight cents on every dollar a
man makes. The reality is that no matter if you are just as qualified as your male counterpart, he's
probably going to get that corner office or that bonus. That's how our world works and it's
something that won't stop until we take a serious look at the reality of this movement we call
feminism, a movement which seems to have veered off course. So, next time you're asked if you're a
feminist, think about what that really means, not the distorted perceptions of our society. Once you
do this, your answer may change, and once that answer changes, our world can begin to change as

Beyonce Feminist Analysis
When Beyonce stood in front of a large LED screen that displayed "FEMINIST" at the 2014 VMA
awards, like–minded women everywhere cheered. There stood a celebrity who did not shy away
from the word that had become similar to a curse. Very few women were willing to own up to the
title of Feminist before Beyonce did. It is, perhaps, a leftover sentiment from the raging second
wave of feminism, the so called "bra–burners" who would protest Miss America Pageants. Today,
Feminism attempts to speak for a broader definition of women than in the past. In the midst of the
second wave of feminism, non–white women were still trying to be heard in the feminist movement.
In the Combahee River Collective, Black Women state that, "The only people who care enough
about us to work consistently for are liberation are us." Though truly it is difficult to discuss the
history that we are living today, Feminism has tried to embrace both queer feminists and non–white
feminists, and also feminists who are unafraid to embrace their femininity. Rio Grrl is particularly
famous for publishing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Together, they uncovered shared injustices that, for the housewives, transcended from a personal
problems to political. For instance, once many women discovered that the housework fell solely on
their shoulders and even those whose claimed their husbands "helped out" could identify the issue of
women being assigned a task based on their gender was an issue. Second Wave Feminists began to
use Consciousness raising to identify some of the issues they wanted to fight for, such as:
reproductive rights, work place equality, and domestic violence awareness and prevention. However,
many of these sessions revolved around the white middle class women, which guided feminists
goals towards benefitting only one

Feminist Therapy : Feminist Therapy
Feminist Therapy
Feminist Therapy is a type of therapy that integrates a psychotherapy approach. Feminist Therapy
focuses on empowering women and helping them break stereotypes that may otherwise hold them
back from growth and development (Feminist Therapy, n.d.). An example of a stereotype that
suppresses women's growth is the stereotype that women are meant to stay home and raise the
children as well as cook and clean for her husband who goes to work to provide for the family. This
stereotype can lead women to believe that they shouldn't go to college to continue their education so
they can have a career, because they are supposed to be stay at home moms and house wives.
Feminist Psychology really started to flourish in the 1960's and 1970's. There isn't any one particular
theorist that can be credited for Feminist Therapy; rather there were a combination of psychologist
who aided in the creation of Feminist Therapy. Feminist Psychologist tried to eliminate the sexist
aspects of other traditional theories, but still integrate parts of those other theories that worked. The
goals that the original Feminist Psychologist established in the 60's and 70's are still used today. One
of the goals of Feminist Therapy is to establish a relationship with a mutual understanding of power.
The therapist should understand that the client is the expert on her own issues. It is important for the
therapist to know that the therapist is only there to help the client develop the tools that are
necessary to reach her maximum potential as a valuable and unique individual. The second main
goal of Feminist Therapy is change. Feminist Therapy strives to not only help the individual change
for the better, but also society (Mahaney, 2014). Gender issues, like gender stereotyping and gender
roles, can lead to psychological distress in individuals therefore they need to be addressed. Gender
stereotypes and gender roles can negatively impact a person's identity, because of this Feminist
Therapy is not only for women, but for men as well. Both women and men can benefit from
Feminist Therapy because it helps individuals better understand the impact the gender stigmas play
on a person's mental health. Females live in a mostly

Essay On Feminist Practice
In the process of evaluating Feminist Practice: Who I am or What I do? By Kate Seymore of the
School of Social Services & Liberal Studies, Charles Sturt University, Australia conducted a study
with 10 participants who were involved in domestic violence work. The small sample size is
symbolic to the fact that all of these social workers had worked with domestic violence in the past
and consisted of both male and female participants. The findings of this study are hard to decipher
due to the fact that feminist theory is based off of a way of looking at the world and recognizing that
oppression of women exist. This is hard to quantitate as many individuals are bias to the word
"feminism" and therefore struggle with truthfully acknowledging ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This study demonstrates the connections between Feminism and Postmodernism in a way that opens
the biases of Feminism. Some modern theorist complain about the lack of research to back
postmodernism, while others are for gaining more, so that balance will develop. This study works
towards showing how feminism could be restructured in a way that promotes social change so that
modern Feminist would be more inclined to accept it (Morley, Macfarlane

Feminist Reflection
On Tuesday August 29, 2017 it was my first day of WMST 250. I was nervous and had so many
thoughts and questions running through my mind. "I hope my professor is nice," "She didn't have
any reviews on ratemyprofessor.com," (Yes...I did look you up on there! LOL!) and "I wonder what
the class material will be?" The questions we started off with were about feminism. Before our first
class we were assigned to watch "We Should All Be Feminists" TED Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi
Adichie. Our first activity was ordering images from least to most feminism. Before I began this
activity I googled the definition of feminism because truthfully I was not familiar with feminism or
feminist. Also one of our first readings was "Feminist Politics: Where We Stand" by Bell Hooks. We
had several assignments throughout the semester. We had Reading Responses, Museum Visit
Writing Assignment, Presentation in Pairs, Art–Activist Intervention, and Final Learning Analysis.
The reading responses allowed students to ask questions and keep the reader engaged while reading.
Personally, if I did not have to create questions from the readings I would not have been engaged in
the reading or read as carefully as I did. The Museum Visit Writing Assignment allowed students to
go outside of their comfort zone because we went to museums which many of us probably would
not have done in our free time. Cara wanted us to feel like we belonged at museums and her goal
was accomplished on my end. Before I went on my museum

Feminist Activity Book
For my creative project, I am designing a feminist activity book. The book will include games,
puzzles, coloring pages, word searches and more. Specifically, this book will outline how feminism
has progressed since the 1900's starting with the first feminist wave until today as well as an outline
of the history of the different movements we have learned. The book will also include some of the
difficulties that women endure in today's society that we have discussed in class, such as unpaid
maternity leave or the wage gap. This also includes the different stereotypes, prejudice, and
discrimination women face in different aspects in their life (i.e. in the work place) by having the
audience complete different word searches and interactive puzzles.

The Feminist Movement
The feminist movement has been developing its method of solving social and economical issues in
three consecutive waves, from the end of the 19th century till present. Each stage had its
benchmarks and significant shifts in the treatment of women – from viewing them as objects and
commodity to perceiving them as citizens in full rights and creators of their own destiny. Gradually,
together with the growth of self–consciousness and demand for more rights and freedoms,
suffragists and later feminists managed to secure more legal precedents and norms manifesting and
consolidating their achievements, including the right to vote, to own property and participate in
public life. As the number of these precedents accumulated and their visibility in the legal field
became clearer, as their practical application turned from the exception to a norm, then the issue
raised: is the system which needs such significant amendments viable and whose interest does it
represent? As one of the most prominent spokespersons on the issue, Catharine A. MacKinnon,
described it, the existing system of justice and the power itself attained the male shape; and lack of
power and inability to influence the happening got the female shape. The overall message
broadcasted by the society as a whole and the legal field in particular was that the established state
of affairs was normal and universally accepted, and women should be contended with it, as everyone
else was. Everyone else in this case meant the

Radical Feminist Analysis
This paper will analyze, the bill dubbed as the "slapping law", in Russia. Using the perspective of
Radical Feminist Thought, I argue that such violence is normalized through the lack of current
public resistance to this crime and contends that women themselves begin to see this type of
treatment as acceptable. Structurally, this paper will begin by providing a concise summary of the
values of Radical feminism to give clarification on the standpoint of this feminist position in
analysis of the current event. It will describe the history of criminalizing domestic violence; how
liberal and radical feminist views differ in looking at the private/public and how popular
understanding of domestic violence has shifted significantly over the years ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Any society that is committed to equality between the sexes must then be particularly responsive to
crimes that are based on sex or gender. It is that radical feminist theory has impacted society on both
the micro and the macro level, resulting women's movement for equality in bringing social changes
impacting the responses to domestic violence issues. Our popular understanding and legal approach
to domestic violence has shifted dramatically throughout the years. There has been a shift from the
"private" response, where domestic violence was considered a product of relationship dysfunction,
to a fully "public" campaign in which the state takes the lead in combating domestic violence
through arrest and prosecution of abusers. This shift, I have argued, reflects a radical feminist
understanding of domestic violence as patriarchal force and was informed by earlier radical feminist
theorizing on

A Feminist Stance In Politics
A Feminist Stance in Politics in the Middle East During the first few weeks of my Women
Filmmakers in the Middle East class we watched two films and did a few readings to start the
semester. One of the readings was The Political Aesthetics of the Feminist Documentary Film by
Julia Lesage. This reading was informative and also had arguments about feminist documentaries
based in the Middle East that I really agreed with. The first film we watched was a documentary
called The Play the second documentary was called The Four Women of Egypt. Although the
women in the films are very different, they all have a very strong feminist perspective that have
assisted in making a difference in this world and to me. Pelin Esmer, the director of The Play really
emphasized that the women in this documentary were real in the sense that they had a low level of
education and had gone through some really hard times. Theses factors played such a huge role in
Esmer's political voice because they were displayed for the audience to become ... Show more
Lease says "Because women's identity is shaped and sustained in a sphere where men are largely
absent, and because girls grow up in an emotional continuum with their mothers and the other
women in their intimate environments (unlike a boy's Oedipal development), their emotional ties are
deep to other women" (231). I agree with this because in both films you are able to see the women
influencing each other. In The Play the men (except for the principal) are not really involved and
don't necessarily have a feminist opinion on female oppression. In The Four Women of Egypt, there
is no man that is being interviewed or shown talking about feminism. Lesage's argument also makes
sense to me because I was able to personally be inspired by these two

The Feminist Analysis
For decades, women have been continuously fighting for equality with men and because of their
reluctance to never give up their fight, women have gained many more rights throughout the years.
The feminist ideology is incorporated in "Pride and Prejudice" through Elizabeth Bennett and her
blatant reluctance to marry a man any reason other than love. Feminism is still incredibly relevant in
today's society and is very important because to this day, men and women are not considered and
treated as equals. The feminist movement is such a great movement because it has so many pros to
it. A pro of the feminist movement is that it raises awareness to the unequal treatment of men and
women. If the feminist movement never started, there would hardly ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The feminist movement has positively impacted society by giving women and girls their natural
born rights and it is still needed today so that men and women will eventually be considered and
treated as equals. "Feminism isn't about making women stronger. Women are already strong. It's
about changing the way the world perceives that strength." – G.D.

Feminist Perspectives On Criminology
In this paper, I will set out to uncover the impact of feminist approaches within criminology. It will
demonstrate how these theoretical perspectives have changed our opinion on women as victims, as
well as criminals themselves. By exploration of taboo subjects such as the danger of prostitution
looking into how it can prove problematic for feminism. In addition to the labelling of domestic
violence, whilst uncovering a variety of key theorists and perspectives. Feminism is crucial to the
study of criminology as it takes away traditional explanations of crime and uncovers an entirely
different perspective of crime and criminal behaviour. Feminist Criminology contains many
different extensions Liberal, Radical, Marxist, Socialist etc.. This ... Show more content on
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In Criminology, altogether makes space for the voices of women. There are different contentions put
crosswise over women in the field of criminology that offer a perspective as to women as criminals
or victims of crime (Mallicoat, 2012).
Feminist opinions on prostitution are widely varied, with differing opinions both for and against
prostitution. Those opposed to prostitution believe it to be a form of exploitation of women, it is
thought that it makes women appear redundant which in turn keeps male domination intact resulting
in an unfair patriarchal society. It reinforces negative stereotypes of the acceptance of women being
sexually objectified for the sexual gratification of men. Therefore, prostitution is viewed as a crime
an act of violence against women of which should be deemed unacceptable in modern day society
(O'Neill and Maggie, 2000). These feminists put forward the notion that entry into prostitution in the
majority is not a freedom of choice. It is an entrapment in which either women in financial difficulty
are driven too or they are often victims of human trafficking. Their argument is that no one truly
enters into prostitution through their own free will. Women who enter prostitution do so through
desperation to feed an alcohol/drug addiction, or to fill a void of damage caused by previous sexual
abuse or simply because

Black Feminist
According to Oxford English Dictionary, Black Feminist can be defined as a movement consisting
of African American women advocating social, political, legal, and economic rights for women
equal to those of men (Oxford English Press). Black feminism argues that sexism, social class
oppression, and racism are inseparably bound together (Collins). The feminist movement has been
around since the 1880s when the word "Feminism" appeared in the French language (Collins). The
word found traction in Britain in the 1890s, and the United States in 1910, feminism sought to
influence popular culture by its very presence and by its persistent demands to be recognized as the
official voice of all women ("What is Feminism"). Although the Black feminist ... Show more
These explanations analyze factors such as fear of dividing the minority community, lack of
knowledge of feminism, the focus on male liberation in the black social movement in the 60's, and
the idea of matriarchy (Simons). Overall, black feminist, on the other hand, believe that racism, the
major factor, hinders the development of feminist awareness among minority women and other
problems that seem to arise within the feminist movement and community (Simons). To conclude,
Black feminist are constantly striving to overcome sexism, class oppression, and racism. They have
also argued that black women are positioned within structures of power in fundamentally different
ways than white women (Collins). Black feminist organizations had to overcome three different
challenges that no other feminist organization had to face. The first challenge these women faced
was to prove to other black women that feminism was not only for white women (Burns). They also
had to demand that white women share power with them and affirm diversity, and fight the
misogynist tendencies of Black organizations (Burns). Black feminism argues that sexism, class
oppression, and racism are inextricably bound together (Collins). All three aspects are related to one
another through intersectionality, which is the study of intersections between different disqualified
groups or groups of minorities; specifically, the study of the

Where are the Radical Feminists?
Where are the Radical Feminist?
A review of the available literature provides a wealth of examples of authors advocating women
movement or feminism essential for defending the rights of women in a vast array of society across
the globe. Feminism reflects "a world view that values women and that confronts systematic
injustices based on gender" (Chinn & Wheeler, 1985, p. 74). The oppression of women had existed a
long time ago and is still evident today and it is not a new issue in today's society. Radical feminism
attributes the oppression of women to men. Male power must be analyzed and understood and not
reduced to other explanations, such as labor relations. Cultural feminism has been critiqued, because
it provides moral grounding for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a basic structure of a family, this inequality is common because the men act as the head of the
family who has authority and autonomic influence over his family with little consideration of his
counterpart. I generally think that this act is far from rational in today's modern society. Women now
is not merely a tool of men to produce offspring and whose sole duty to raise them. They too have
the right to work as equal as the men in the family and that the duty of raising the child should be
done together. Studies show a well bonded father and youngsters had a positive effect that could last
for over 20 years. "Our detailed 20–year review shows that overall, children reap positive benefits if
they have active and regular engagement with a father figure" stated Anna Sarkadi, of Sweden's
Uppsala University. In accordance to that, men too share the same responsibility as women in
raising their child which put them as equals in this matter as what radical feminism had fought of.
Men's Superiority Challenged?
Now, as we all know, men are the key features in today's society in terms of politics, education and
economy. They have the power and influence over all these aspect regardless of where we are in this
world. Due to this, women are constantly denied the right of gaining the positions of power or even
their influence in a society .According to urbandictionary.com ,

Artemisia as a Feminist
Nanette Salomon, a very well known feminist writer, wrote the article, "Judging Artemisia: A
Baroque Woman in Modern Art History." The article opens up with a discussion about the 2001–2
exhibition of Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi: Father and Daughter Painters in Baroque Italy. The
author explains that three things are unusual here: the fact that two famous artists were presented at
the same time, that they were related as father and daughter, and the fact that the woman was better
known than the man. Her intent in this article is to look at the effects of this trope (figure of speech)
in the past and in the present.
Salomon argues that this comparison technique has been the main feature or art historical analysis. It
puts a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The author also talks about the story of Susanna and the Elders. Apparently Artemisia Gentileschi
painted three versions of this biblical story at three different stages in her life, 1610, 1622, and 1649.
The author did a comparison on the three Susanna paintings and she argues that it is noticeable that
the abstracting qualities of the 1610 painting change its concept or meaning from one form of story
telling to another. She argues that the abstract form of story telling serves the purpose of finding a
visual equivalent to the "deafening silence". She explains that the 1622 Susanna and the Elders
speaks a different language, and so does the 1649 version.
Nanette Salomon emphasizes that there are different ways to make sense of the changes in
Artemisia's three "Susannas". One explanation may be that Artemisia's work show progressive
naturalism or realism which can be attributed to her development as an artist.
Judging Artemisia Gentileschi is a practice that is believed to have begun at the same time as
aesthetic judgment, back in the time of Vasari in the late sixteenth century.
To me, those are the main points of the article by Nanette Salomon. I think that she made a very
good historical and psychological approach on the subject. The strength of this article is that she
provides a lot of historical facts, and blends it together with her words and opinion.

Socialist Feminist Criticism
Socialist Feminist Criticism: You Dropped the Bomb on Me, Baby
Feminism and gender studies have been described as having the ability to "challenge literary and
culture theory to confront the difficult task of assimilating the findings of an expanding sphere of
inquiry" (Contemporary Literary Criticism 567). This area of study has taken center stage during the
last fifty years, not only in our society, but also in literary criticism. Although the terrain Feminism
traverses can hardly be narrowed down to one single definition, the exploration of the genre can, at
times, be the most intriguing feature of the criticism itself. While feminism has undoubtedly
changed the way women and gender roles are considered in society today, it has ... Show more
This definition of feminism situates sex and gender alongside the subjects of focus of the Marxist
theory, even going as far as to intertwine the two. While I, myself, have been trying to determine
how much I agree with the points that each individual theory makes, I have found that Socialist
Feminist Criticism has had the greatest impact on my writing, reading, and understanding of the
world.
It has been noted that "in literature the languages of class, race, and gender are fused." This,
throughout history, and in our society specifically, is true. Every role that is developed in literature is
"not natural or self–evident but is always articulated within a system or relationships predicated
upon exclusions of gender, race, and class" (CLC 592). Every character is described within a system
of a culture that is based on stereotypes, specific gender roles, and societal issues. Cora Kaplan
makes her most significant point when she suggests that "We must redefine the psyche as a
structure, not as a content, so that we can move toward a fuller understanding of how social
divisions and the inscription of gender are mutually secured and given meaning. Through that
analysis we can work towards change" (Kaplan 609). An understanding of the issues that Socialist
Feminist criticism tackles can help a reader determine why the literature they are

Feminism And The Feminist Movement
Feminism is a movement that I have never really claimed myself to be a part. I have nothing against
those who want to stand for what they believe in, but I think there's a way it should be done.
Feminism is something that I have questioned a lot and have looked into. I am completely for
women feeling empowered; however, I find many things that I disagree with when it comes to the
feminist movement. I've listed five of them:
1. Feminists tend to paint the picture like men are the only problem. It seems as if it 's easier to put
the blame on men. Why do we have to bash men who are doing their jobs? As women, we find it
disrespectful when men use derogatory terms towards us; however, it's okay for women to use the
same derogatory terms. In my opinion, it's not okay. Feminists also seem to see one side to certain
issues. For example, feminists do not see men as being victims of domestic violence. Men are not
always the abusers and I think that is is very reactionary to have this belief. Why is that if a woman
does this action then there is a "reason" that follows. It doesn't make it right and this makes
feminists come across as being hypocritical. You have men who do the right thing and they are
degraded. Do you honestly want the responsibility of a man?
2. When it comes to oppression we haven't necessarily faced oppression like women in other
countries. We can complain about the job market and how we should get certain pay and jobs, but
there are women dealing with far worse

All Be Feminist
Study Question #1 In the collective empowerment for women, the term feminism creates an
avoidance that society have come to not fully accept yet. In We Should All Be Feminists,
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie tells the personal story of her experience as a woman advocating for
gender equality while changing her perception on the social norms in Nigeria through the African
culture. Adichie additionally compares the experience her friends in the United States face to her
own to indicate the situation as an international dilemma. Adichie mentions our fixed perspective,
"The waiters are products of a society that has taught them that men are more important than
women, and I know they don't intend harm, but it is one thing to know something intellectually

Latinx Feminist Theory
The term feminism encapsulates a vast variety of topics important to women's rights. Unfortunately,
feminist theory is often talked about within the restrictions of a reproductive binary. Latinx feminist
theory is more than just a reproduction binary. As women of color, Latinx women have historically
been undermined and excluded from social narratives. Latinx women however, challenge various
forms of oppression, such as the perpetuations of sexism, racism, and violence, by sharing their
testimonios to the world– a vulnerable yet incredibly strong form of resistance. This specialized
theory addresses many of the barriers that intersect and impact Latinx women on a daily and
generational basis. Evident in my resistance poem, through the use ... Show more content on
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I demonstrate the importance of allywork to the Latinx feminist theory in stanza six by which I call
for readers to help "Liberate not only women, but anyone oppressed." Despite the differences of our
experiences, Latinx feminist theory believes that our differences should serve as an incentive to
establish solidarity towards justice, not another borderland to cross. Similar to the reproductive
justice theory's utilization of the Ubuntu philosophy, – the "belief in the universal bond of sharing
that connects all humanity"(201 RJT) – Latinx feminist theory embraces unity as a direct path to the
realization of the left world concept. Furthermore, I emphasize the essentiality of allywork to the
theory through the motif of "It begins today/Empezando hoy." The motif functions as a reminder of
how vital it is to Latinx feminist theory to being unified among marginalized groups as a way of
creating effective change for

Feminist Counselling : A Feminist Perspective
Intro: This essay will thoroughly explore feminist counselling and take into consideration the
theoretical ideas and practice skills that will include the following issues The key figures (founders)
and major focus, philosophy and basic assumptions, key concepts, therapeutic goals, techniques and
procedures, applications, contributions, and the limitations and criticisms of feminist counselling. To
develop a better understanding of the feminist counselling approach, the next few paragraphs will
look at the forms feminist counselling uses to address these issues and inequities within individuals
that have been affected.
Key Figures (Founders)
There is no one founder when it comes to the discovery, and accreditation of feminist counselling.
These women have all contributed to the founding of feminist counselling – Jean Baker Miller,
Carol Gilligan, Carolyn Enns, Laura Brown, Lillian Comas–Diaz, and Olivia Espin, Judith Worrell,
Pam Remer, Sandra Bem, Ellyn Kaschak , Bonnie Burstow, Judith V. Jordan and Mary N. Russell.
Major Focus:
The central focus of feminist counselling is gender, therapists must understand and be sensitive to
how psychological oppression and socialization influence identity development.
(Sommers–Flanagan 2012) states that the term for "feminist theory was developed by women to
address the social and cultural oppression and unequal treatment of women. Implied in the feminist
perspective is the tendency for humans who wield more power to use that

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