Chapter1 3

Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
CAGWAIT CAMPUS
Cagwait, Surigao del Sur
1
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
The growth of mobile phone market is phenomenal in recent years and the
need for charging the mobile battery is required anytime and anywhere. In many
developing countries the grid power is not available for few hours to several
hours on daily basis especially in semi urban and rural areas where the mobile
phones are the essential communication device. While the urban population use
more sophisticated mobiles with good power batteries lasting for few days, the
rural population buy the pre-owned mobile phones that require charging
frequently even two or three times a day. A coin- based universal mobile battery
charger is designed and developed in this paper. This device is will be using a
cellphone for mobile battery charging and the user has to plug the phone into one
of the adapters and insert a coin for charging at a constant current for a definite
duration.
Furthermore, the mobile phone market is a vast industry, and has spread
into rural areas as an essential means of communication. While the urban
population uses more sophisticated mobiles with good power batteries lasting for
several days, the rural population buys the pre owned mobile phones that require
charging frequently. Many times battery becomes at in the middle of conversation
particularly at inconvenient times when access to a standard charger isn’t
possible. The coin-based mobile battery chargers are designed to solve this

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
2
problem. The user has to plug the mobile phone into one of the adapters and
insert a coin; the phone will then be given a micro-pulse for charging. It does not
bring a mobile from dead to fully charged state. The charging capacity of the
mobile is designed with the help of predened values. It is, of course, possible to
continue charging the mobile by inserting more coins. This compact and
lightweight product is designed to cater for the growing number of rural mobile
users worldwide. A suitable PIC microcontroller is programmed for all the
controlling applications. The source for charging is obtained from direct power
grid and solar energy in case of non availability of grid power. (Patil Sachin B.,
et.al.,2015).
Energy plays a very important role for powering the system to work well
either in Humans or in any artificial system. Communication is fundamental need
for humans and a mobile system provides the power to communicate with the
world so easily. Mobile phone is like a part of our day to day life. Without it, one
feels incomplete and unsecure because most of the work is done with the help of
it. Smartphone is the most common gadget in cities and also in the small towns
now. But a big backlog of this phone is high battery consumption due to several
features. Thus, most of the time the smart phones users runs out of battery,
suppose on a Railway station a person is waiting for train by enjoying music on
phone or surfing internet for any important information and suddenly run out of
battery. That time if the charging facility is available somewhere then it is like
boon. So, this necessity is being conceptualized in this paper. A Coin Insertion

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
3
based mobile charger can be useful in today’s scenario. It can be used on bus
stations, railway compartments, railway stations, etc. (Akash Verma, et.al.,2016).
The coin-based mobile battery charger can be quickly and easily installed
outside any business premises. The mobile phone market is a vast industry, and
has spread into rural areas as an essential means of communication.While the
urban population use more sophisticated mobiles with good power batteries
lasting for several days, the rural population buy the pre-owned mobile phones
that require charging frequently. Many times battery becomes flat in the middle of
conversation particularly at inconvenient times when access to a standard
charger isn't possible. The coin-based mobile battery chargers are designed to
solve this problem. The user has to plug the mobile phone into one of the
adapters and insert a coin; the phone will then be given a micro-pulse for
charging. It does not bring a mobile from 'dead' to fully charged state. The
charging capacity of the mobile is designed with the help of pre-defined values. It
is, of course, possible to continue charging the mobile by inserting more coins.
This compact and lightweight product is designed to cater for the growing
number of rural mobile users worldwide. A suitable microcontroller is
programmed for all the controlling applications. The source for charging is
obtained from direct power grid and solar energy in case of non-availability of
grid power. (Wasim Akram, 2013).
In other words, this study posits that the use of Piso Automated Cellphone
Charging:a Utility Model is a technology to be designed/invented in order to make

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
4
charging and recharging of mobile phones easy and convenient for it is manned
and controlled by the use of a coin to be inserted in the gadget.
Conceptual/Theortirical Framework
The following are identified conceptual/theoretical framework that
significantly supports the study.
In all walks of life, machine automation is essential to make sophisticated
approach to the mankind. Of course the machines cannot be replaced by human
beings in exact recognition of coins. Nowadays, most of the work of the human
being is replaced by machines. With mobile phones becoming the major source
of business/personal communication, the mobile phone business is currently
worth billions of dollars, and supports millions of phones. The need to provide a
public charging service is essential. There is a basic need of highly accurate and
efficient automatic coin recognition systems in our daily life. (K.Nalini,et al.,2013).
There are three types of coin recognition systems based on different
methods used by them available in the market. They are mechanical method
based systems, electromagnetic method based system and image processing
based system. The mechanical method based systems use parameters like
diameter or radius, thickness, weight and magnetism of the coin to differentiate
between the coins. But these parameters cannot be used to differentiate between
the different materials of the coins. It means if we provide two coins one original
and other fake having same diameter, thickness, weight and magnetism but with
different materials to mechanical method based coin recognition system then it

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
5
will treat both the coins as original coin so these systems can be fooled easily.
(K. R. Kashwan,et al.,2011).
The electromagnetic method based systems can differentiate between
different materials because in these systems the coins are passed through an
oscillating coil at a certain frequency and different materials bring different
changes in the amplitude and direction of frequency. So these changes and the
other parameters like diameter, thickness, weight and magnetism can be used to
differentiate between coins. The electromagnetic based coin recognition systems
improve the accuracy of recognition but still they can be fooled by some game
coins (Yamini Yadav, et al.,2013).
In the recent years coin recognition systems based on images have also
come into picture. In these systems first of all the image of the coin to be
recognized is taken neither by camera or by some scanning. Then these images
are processed by using various techniques of image processing like FFT, DCT,
edge detection, segmentation etc. and further various features are extracted from
the images. Based on these features different coins are recognized. This paper
presents existing systems and techniques proposed by various researchers on
image based coin recognition (Shatrugan Modi, et al., 2011).
The mobile battery charger starts charging a mobile connected to it when
a coin is inserted at the input stage. The type of coin and the size will be
displayed at the LCD display for the user so as to ensure correct coin insertion.
Any other coin if inserted in the slot it will be returned to refund box. A sensor
attached to the coin insertion slot accepts the coin into the battery charging unit

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
6
and start charging the mobile battery for a specic period controlled by the
software of the pic microcontroller. The sensor is an IR sensor. The resistance of
the sensor decreases when IR (infrared) light falls on it. A good sensor will have
near zero resistance in presence of light and a very large resistance in absence
of light. When the coin obstruct the IR light falling on a sensor, it sends a pulse to
the control unit authorizing the start of charging the mobile battery connected to
the device. Two IR sensors are used for positive authentication of the charging
process. The salient feature of the universal mobile battery charger is that it
draws power from the solar energy during the day time for charging the internal
battery of the controller. Only if additional power is required, then the grid power
is used. AC Power supply for supplying 230v, 50Hz so that both grid power and
the solar power are use with a switch to changeover from one to the other
(M.S.Varadarajan, 2012).
PIC Microcontroller acts according to the input signal from the sensor
circuit. Coin accepted or rejected is based on the diameter of the coin. This
invokes PIC microcontroller along with LCD interface displays the selection of
mobile option if particular mobile is selected for charging the corresponding
routine is activated and charge the mobile for a particular duration of time .When
the routine completes, it indicates charge complete message through LCD
display. Similarly the same procedure is followed for charging more than four
different mobiles simultaneously. The LCD displays all the information to the
customer as and when required. When the mobile battery is connected, it
displays Insert Coin. While charging it displays Charging and at the end of

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
7
charging cycle it displays Charge completed. For charging continuously the coin
has to be inserted when the display shows insert coin (S.B shridev, et al., 2013).
The mobile battery charger starts charging a mobile connected to it when
a coin is inserted at the coin insertion slot at the input stage. The type of coin and
the size will be displayed at the LCD display for the user so as to ensure correct
coin insertion. Any other coin, if inserted in the slot will be returned to refund box.
A sensor attached to the coin insertion slot accepts the coin into the battery
charging unit and start charging the mobile battery for a specific period controlled
by the software of the microcontroller. The sensor is an IR sensor. The
resistance of the sensor decreases when IR (infrared) light falls on it. A good
sensor will have near zero resistance in presence of light and a very large
resistance in absence of light. When the coin obstruct the IR light falling on a
sensor, it sends a pulse to the control unit authorizing the start of charging the
mobile battery connected to the device. Two IR sensors are used for positive
authentication of the charging process ( Barth, H. Schaeper, et al., 2008).

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
8
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram
To understand this study, the schematic diagram represents the entire
concept of the study which actually guides the researcher to undertake the study
in the design of a Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model to prove
its effectiveness and efficiency through experimental set ups and comparative
analysis. Furthermore, it examines mechanisms and functions of the design
system in relation to charging cellphones/mobile phones.
Statement of the Problem
This study is planned and conceptualized to design technologically a Piso
Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model. Furthermore, it will involve
series of experimental activities to prove its effectiveness and efficiency in terms
Design
Layout
Mechanisms
Functions
Piso
Automated
Cellphone
Charging:a
Utility Model

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
9
of charging cellphones. Thus, this study embraces the design, layout,
mechanisms and functions of a Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility
Model.to be used for charging and recharging of mobile phones.
This study specifically sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the actual design of the Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A
Utility Model to be developed in this study?
2. What are the special features that are found in the design of Piso
Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model.?
3. What are mechanisms that are found in the design of Piso Automated
Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model as an effective and efficient
technology in charging and recharging mobile phones/cellphones?
4. What are its functions in terms of design mechanisms of the Piso
Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model as a technology to be
used for charging and recharging mobile phones/cellphones?
5. What are experimental set ups/scenarios involved particularly in the
charging and recharging of mobile phones/cellphones in the utilization of
Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model?
Significance of the Study
The findings of the study would provide enough concepts and pieces of
information to the following group of individuals or entities:
To the Electrical Technology Students. This study will provide them
enough information on the basic knowledge of Piso Automated Cellphone
Charging: A Utility Model including its design, features, mechanisms, functions

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
10
and experimental activities that involved in the production of electricity, charging
and recharging of mobile phones. Moreover, salient concepts and guided
principles will be applied with the help and guidance of the electrical instructors
so that this study will be possible and to be realized with respect to the actual
designing of f Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model.or mobile
phones.
To the Electrical Technology Instructors. This study will help them
design an instruction that involves invention for their electrical technology students
particularly in the design of a Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility
Model. In this study, it will also give the electrical technology students the
opportunity to conceptualize and design piso-based cellphone charger in order to
apply the concepts and theories learned in this field of specialization.
To the Future Researchers. This study will help them understand the
theories and applications on the Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility
Model to be used for charging and recharging mobile phones including its design,
features, mechanisms, functions and experimental activities. In fact, previous
studies and related literatures of this study are modeled and used for an effective
framework in the realization of the design.
To the Community. This study will give them pieces of information in the
significance of the design of the Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility
Model for charging and recharging mobile phones which include its mechanisms,
features, functions and experimental activities. Thus, the design will be a new

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
11
technology to be used in charging and recharging of mobile phones at home or in
the community.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study is focused in the design of a Piso Automated Cellphone
Charging: A Utility Model which will be done/conducted at the Electrical
Technology Laboratory Room of Surigao del Sur State University-Cagwait
Campus, Poblacion, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur for Academic Year 2016-2017.
Furthermore, it aims to establish a more comprehensive understanding in its
design, features/layout, mechanisms, functions and experimental set
ups/scenarios involved particularly in the production of electricity, charging and
recharging of mobile phones by the use of Piso Automated Cellphone Charging:
A Utility Model of this study.

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
12
Definition of Terms
For clearer and better understanding of the terminologies used in the
study, the following are defined, to wit:
Activity refers to the routines and functions of a Piso Automated
Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model to be used in the charging and recharging of
mobile phones. In this study, the term is used to identify the different activities
and experiments conducted for Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility
Model for charging and recharging mobile phones.
Experiment refers to a series of tests and of specific tasks that
determines the usefulness and effectiveness of Piso Automated Cellphone
Charging: A Utility Model In this study, the term is used to identify and describe
the Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model as a technology for
charging and recharging mobile phones.
Design refers to the external and internal features/craftmanship of a
particular technology. In this study, the term is used to identify the different parts
of the Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model as a technology for
charging and recharging mobile phones
Features refer to the special perspective views and characteristics that
the Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model in the production of
electricity including the charging and recharging processes of mobile phones. In
this study, the term is used to determine the process on how the Piso Automated

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
13
Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model to produce electricity for charging and
recharging of gadgets at home or in the community.
Piso-based cellphone charger refers to a new technology to be
designed in this study in which charging and recharging of mobile phones is
manned, controlled and operated by the use of inserted coin to the machine. In
this study, the term is used to describe on how does the technology work in
terms of charging and recharging mobile phones so as to be operated by an
inserted coin.
Mechanisms refer to the specific parts and functions found in a particular
technology. In this study, the term is used to identify the parts of the Piso
Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
14
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Related Studies
To understand this study in a more comprehensive and more relevant
points/views, the following review of related literatures and related studies are
hereby presented:
Related Literatures:
The mobile phone market is a vast industry, and has spread into rural
areas as an essential means of communication. While the urban population uses
more sophisticated mobiles with good power batteries lasting for several days,
the rural population buys the pre owned mobile phones that require charging
frequently. Many times battery becomes at in the middle of conversation
particularly at inconvenient times when access to a standard charger isn’t
possible. The coin-based mobile battery chargers are designed to solve this
problem. The user has to plug the mobile phone into one of the adapters and
insert a coin; the phone will then be given a micro-pulse for charging. It does not
bring a mobile from dead to fully charged state. The charging capacity of the
mobile is designed with the help of predened values. It is, of course, possible to
continue charging the mobile by inserting more coins. This compact and
lightweight product is designed to cater for the growing number of rural mobile
users worldwide. A suitable PIC microcontroller is programmed for all the
controlling applications. The source for charging is obtained from direct power
grid and solar energy in case of non availability of grid power. (Patil Sachin B.,
et.al.,2015).

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
15
Furthermore, energy plays a very important role for powering the system
to work well either in Humans or in any artificial system. Communication is
fundamental need for humans and a mobile system provides the power to
communicate with the world so easily. Mobile phone is like a part of our day to
day life. Without it, one feels incomplete and unsecure because most of the work
is done with the help of it. Smartphone is the most common gadget in cities and
also in the small towns now. But a big backlog of this phone is high battery
consumption due to several features. Thus, most of the time the smart phones
users runs out of battery, suppose on a Railway station a person is waiting for
train by enjoying music on phone or surfing internet for any important information
and suddenly run out of battery. That time if the charging facility is available
somewhere then it is like boon. So, this necessity is being conceptualized in this
paper. A Coin Insertion based mobile charger can be useful in today’s scenario.
It can be used on bus stations, railway compartments, railway stations, etc.
(Akash Verma, et.al.,2016).
Meanwhile, the coin-based mobile battery charger can be quickly and
easily installed outside any business premises. The mobile phone market is a
vast industry, and has spread into rural areas as an essential means of
communication. While the urban population use more sophisticated mobiles with
good power batteries lasting for several days, the rural population buy the pre-
owned mobile phones that require charging frequently. Many times battery
becomes flat in the middle of conversation particularly at inconvenient times
when access to a standard charger isn't possible. The coin-based mobile battery

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
16
chargers are designed to solve this problem. The user has to plug the mobile
phone into one of the adapters and insert a coin; the phone will then be given a
micro-pulse for charging. It does not bring a mobile from 'dead' to fully charged
state. The charging capacity of the mobile is designed with the help of pre-
defined values. It is, of course, possible to continue charging the mobile by
inserting more coins. This compact and lightweight product is designed to cater
for the growing number of rural mobile users worldwide. A suitable
microcontroller is programmed for all the controlling applications. The source for
charging is obtained from direct power grid and solar energy in case of non-
availability of grid power. (Wasim Akram, 2013).
In all walks of life, machine automation is essential to make sophisticated
approach to the mankind. Of course the machines cannot be replaced by human
beings in exact recognition of coins. Nowadays, most of the work of the human
being is replaced by machines. With mobile phones becoming the major source
of business/personal communication, the mobile phone business is currently
worth billions of dollars, and supports millions of phones. The need to provide a
public charging service is essential. There is a basic need of highly accurate and
efficient automatic coin recognition systems in our daily life. (K.Nalini,et al.,2013).
There are three types of coin recognition systems based on different
methods used by them available in the market. They are mechanical method
based systems, electromagnetic method based system and image processing
based system. The mechanical method based systems use parameters like
diameter or radius, thickness, weight and magnetism of the coin to differentiate

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
17
between the coins. But these parameters cannot be used to differentiate between
the different materials of the coins. It means if we provide two coins one original
and other fake having same diameter, thickness, weight and magnetism but with
different materials to mechanical method based coin recognition system then it
will treat both the coins as original coin so these systems can be fooled easily.
(K. R. Kashwan,et al.,2011).
The electromagnetic method based systems can differentiate between
different materials because in these systems the coins are passed through an
oscillating coil at a certain frequency and different materials bring different
changes in the amplitude and direction of frequency. So these changes and the
other parameters like diameter, thickness, weight and magnetism can be used to
differentiate between coins. The electromagnetic based coin recognition systems
improve the accuracy of recognition but still they can be fooled by some game
coins (Yamini Yadav, et al.,2013).
Related Studies:
In the study of Shatrugan Modi, et al., 2011 posited that in the recent
years coin recognition systems based on images have also come into picture. In
these systems first of all the image of the coin to be recognized is taken neither
by camera or by some scanning. Then these images are processed by using
various techniques of image processing like FFT, DCT, edge detection,
segmentation etc. and further various features are extracted from the images.
Based on these features different coins are recognized. This paper presents

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
18
existing systems and techniques proposed by various researchers on image
based coin recognition.
In the study of M.S.Varadarajan, 2012 presented that the mobile battery
charger starts charging a mobile connected to it when a coin is inserted at the
input stage. The type of coin and the size will be displayed at the LCD display for
the user so as to ensure correct coin insertion. Any other coin if inserted in the
slot it will be returned to refund box. A sensor attached to the coin insertion slot
accepts the coin into the battery charging unit and start charging the mobile
battery for a specic period controlled by the software of the pic microcontroller.
The sensor is an IR sensor. The resistance of the sensor decreases when IR
(infrared) light falls on it. A good sensor will have near zero resistance in
presence of light and a very large resistance in absence of light. When the coin
obstruct the IR light falling on a sensor, it sends a pulse to the control unit
authorizing the start of charging the mobile battery connected to the device.
Two IR sensors are used for positive authentication of the charging process. The
salient feature of the universal mobile battery charger is that it draws power from
the solar energy during the day time for charging the internal battery of the
controller. Only if additional power is required, then the grid power is used. AC
Power supply for supplying 230v, 50Hz so that both grid power and the solar
power are use with a switch to changeover from one to the other .
In the study of S.B shridev, et al., 2013 claimed that PIC Microcontroller
acts according to the input signal from the sensor circuit. Coin accepted or
rejected is based on the diameter of the coin. This invokes PIC microcontroller

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
19
along with LCD interface displays the selection of mobile option if particular
mobile is selected for charging the corresponding routine is activated and charge
the mobile for a particular duration of time .When the routine completes, it
indicates charge complete message through LCD display. Similarly the same
procedure is followed for charging more than four different mobiles
simultaneously. The LCD displays all the information to the customer as and
when required. When the mobile battery is connected, it displays Insert Coin.
While charging it displays Charging and at the end of charging cycle it displays
Charge completed. For charging continuously the coin has to be inserted when
the display shows insert coin.
In the study of Barth, H. Schaeper, et al., 2008 stated that the mobile
battery charger starts charging a mobile connected to it when a coin is inserted at
the coin insertion slot at the input stage. The type of coin and the size will be
displayed at the LCD display for the user so as to ensure correct coin insertion.
Any other coin, if inserted in the slot will be returned to refund box. A sensor
attached to the coin insertion slot accepts the coin into the battery charging unit
and start charging the mobile battery for a specific period controlled by the
software of the microcontroller. The sensor is an IR sensor. The resistance of the
sensor decreases when IR (infrared) light falls on it. A good sensor will have near
zero resistance in presence of light and a very large resistance in absence of
light. When the coin obstruct the IR light falling on a sensor, it sends a pulse to
the control unit authorizing the start of charging the mobile battery connected to

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
20
the device. Two IR sensors are used for positive authentication of the charging
process.

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
21
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter covers the research design, research locale, and research
planning and procedure and research time target.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study used developmental-experimental research design in order to
understand and analyze its design and mechanisms, to conduct experimental set
up for Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model and to find out its
differences to other cellphone/mobile phone charger gadgets with respect to its
features, characteristics, durability, utility and performance in charging and
recharging cellphones/mobile phones.
RESEARCH LOCALE
This study was conducted at the Electrical Technology Laboratory Room
of the Surigao del Sur State University-Cagwait Campus, Poblacion, Cagwait,
Surigao del Sur during the Academic Year 2016-2017.
RESEARCH PLANNING AND PROCEDURE
A letter of permission to conduct the study entitled “Piso Automated
Cellphone Charging: A Utility Model” was submitted to the Office of the
Campus Director of this University which allowed the student researchers to use
the Electrical Technology Room (ETR) for their developmental and experimental
research activities. After the approval was secured, the planning, designing and

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
22
organizing of concepts and applications of Piso Automated Cellphone Charging:
A Utility Model was begun.
RESEARCH TIME TARGET
The time target accomplishment of this research falls on June to March of
the Academic Year 2016-2017. Thus, series of experiments and tests have been
involved, initiated and conducted for Piso Automated Cellphone Charging: A
Utility Model for effective analysis on its charging and recharging of mobile
phones.

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
23
References Cited
Ms.S.B.Sridevi, Mr. A Sai Suneel, Mrs. K.Nalini, Coin based mobile charger
using solar tracking system, IJARECE: ISSN 2278-909X Volume 2, Issue
9 (September 2013).
C.M.Velu, Vivekanandan Periyasamy, Dr. K. R. Kashwan, Indian Coin
Recognition and Sum Counting System of Image Data Mining Using
Artificial Neural Networks, International Journal of Advanced Science and
Technology, Volume 31, June 2011.
Yamini Yadav, Apoorvi Sood, International Journal of Engineering and Computer
Science, ISSN: 2319-7242, Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013.
Shatrugan Modi, Seema Bawa, PhD, Image Processing Based Systems and
techniques for the Recognition of Ancient and Modern Coins, International
Journal of Computer Application(0975-888), Volume 47, No.10, June
2012.
M.S.Varadarajan., Coin based Universal Mobile Battery Charger, ISSN: 2250-
3021 Volume 2, Issue 6 (June 2012), PP 1433- 1438.
Barth, H. Schaeper, C. Schmidla, T. Nordmann, H. Kiel, M. van der
Broeck, H. Yurdagel, Y. Wieczorek, C. Hecht, F. Sauer, D.U., Development of a
universal adaptive battery charger as an educational project ,Power Electronics
Specialists Conference, 2008. PESC 2008. IEEE , 15-19 June 2008, Pg 1839 –
1845.
Wasam, Akram, et al., (2013). COIN BASED UNIVERSAL MOBILE BATTERY
CHARGER” A technical seminar report submitted in the partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Technology under BPUT.
Pulvirenti, F. Milazzo, P. Ursino, R, Charger power switch for mobile phones,
Analog and Mixed IC Design, 1997. Proceedings. 1997 2nd IEEE-CAS
Region 8 Workshop, 12-13 Sep 1997, Pgs. 97 –100
Pastre, M. Krummenacher, F. Robortella, R. Simon-Vermot, R. Kayal, M. Ecole
Polytech. Fed. de Lausanne, Lausanne, A fully integrated solar battery
charger Circuits and Systems and TAISA Conference, 2009. NEWCAS-
TAISA '09. Joint IEEE North-East Workshop.
Barth, H. Schaeper, C. Schmidla, T. Nordmann, H. Kiel, M. van der Broeck, H.
Yurdagel, Y. Wieczorek, C. Hecht, F. Sauer, D. U., Development of a
universal adaptive battery charger as an educational project ,Power
Electronics Specialists Conference, 2008. PESC 2008. IEEE, 15-19 June
2008, Pg 1839 – 1845.

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
24
Patil, Sachin B., (2016). Coin Paid Mobile Charging System Using solar
panel as well as AC supply
Akash Verma, (2016). Coin Based Solar Mobile Charger

CAGWAIT CAMPUS
25
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND OPERATION
This chapter presents the results/findings of the study based on the
statement of the problem.

Chapter1 3

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