Woods: properties, uses, aplications, how to proccess wood...

1. WOODS
DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY
2º ESO

2. TREES, A LIVING RESOURCE
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Wood is one of the most
abundant and versatile natural
material on earth.
Wood comes from trees.
Wood is made up of cellulose
grains (fibras).
Trees contain other substances
such as water, oils, resins,
mineral salts...
What is sap?It’s a solution of water and
nutrients that circulates in the tree from
roots to trunk, branches and leaves.

3. WOODS GIVE US...
HEAT.
 TOOLS AND
WEAPONS.
 CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS.
 RELATED PRODUCTS:
paper, cardboard…
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4. PARTS OF
A TRUNK
1. BARK (corteza): it is the most external layer of the tree and protects tree
from damage (extreme temperatures, bad weather, insects).
2. CAMBIUM (líber): it takes the sap from the roots to the various parts of the
tree.
3. SAPWOOD (albura): the youngest part of a trunk, which has a clear colour.
4. HEARTWOOD (duramen): it is the part of a trunk that gives harder and
more consistent wood. It is the wood used for making things.

5. PARTS OF A TRUNK
How old is a tree?
tree
It’s possible to know how old
a tree is thanks to the
annual rings are seen when
a trunk is cut.
The clear rings represent
the tree´s growth in spring
and the dark ones are
related to autumn, when its
growth is lower.

6. THE PROCESS TO GET
SOLID WOOD
TO
FELL (TALAR): It is carried out in
winter. Bark and branches are all removed
from the tree and they are used for gardens
or like a combustible.
TIMBER
TRANSPORTATION
(TRANSPORTE): To carry timber to
sawmill by lorry, train or fluvial/maritime
transport.
CUTTING UP (CORTE): Timber is cut in
different pieces and sizes in the sawmill.

7. THE PROCESS TO GET
SOLID WOOD
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DRYING (SECADO): It consists of removing natural
moisture from timber. This can be done in two
ways:
Natural (slower and cheaper) and with kilns or
air-dried (quicker but more expensive)

8. WOOD PROPERTIES
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How does it feel?: Color, texture, brightness…
Hardness: Can tools, nails, screws...make holes in it?
Does it wear or scratch by other objects?
Density: It depends on mass and volume. Let us know if it
is a heavy or light wood.
Moisture content (grado de humedad): Different woods
have different mass of water and their properties and
durability depend on it.
Thermal and electric conductivity: Woods are not a
good conductor of heat and electricity.
Strength: The ability to resist forces without breaking and
bending depends on the type of wood. It´s very good when
forces act along the grain (fibra).
Renewable.

9. TYPES OF WOOD
HARDWOOD
HAYA
ROBLE
Deciduous (hoja caduca)
trees which drop their leaves
in winter and are the typical
round top tree shape.
WALNUT
OAK
BEECH
SOFTWOOD
PINO
PINE
ABETO
FIR
Coniferous (coníferas), which are
cone bearing evergreen (hoja
perenne) trees which generally
have the typical Christmas tree
triangle shape.
Softwoods are cheaper than hardwoods and easier to work.
Hardwoods are attractive woods but they are not easy to work.

10. MAN MADE WOODS
Man-made wood has been made up of bits of
wood which originally came from a tree.
PLYWOOD
CHIPBOARD
CONTRACHAPADO
AGLOMERADO
HARDBOARD
TABLEROS DE FIBRA

11. WORKING WITH WOOD
To make a wood object we must follow the next steps :
MEASURE,
MARK AND DRAW
HOLD
CUT
AND SAW
DRILL
PLANE
JOIN
AND SAND
PIECES
FINISH

12. COMMERCIAL WOODS
Natural woods can be sold with different shapes:
Thick plank
Wood sheet
Board
Plank
Strip
Frame