Nature And Nurture Debate Essay

Nature And Nurture Debate Essay
Hypothesis Obesity has become one of the biggest health threats to today's society. Current research
has surrounded the cause of the disease as they try to pinpoint the reason why individuals are
gaining weight at an alarming rate. Rather than just nature and nurture, this debate has been long
influenced by the culture in which it stands in. The combination of society, reflexes and learned
behaviors have all influenced why this health crisis has remained so relevant in culture.
In order to describe how nature versus nurture has been influenced, a theory encompassing both
behavior and social influences is needed. This theory should analyze the extent to which natural
forming experiences and social constructs influence one another within ... Show more content on
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Although humans have instinctive reflexes in response to stimuli and society influences these
responses, it is a combination of both habit and society. This combination has sculpted why the
nature and nurture debate has stayed so relevant. If taken away from the context of obesity, the
popularity of the debate deals with an individual 's ability to believe the ideology that is most
aligned with their preexisting negative ideals. These negative stereotypes surrounding popular
opinion are more easily followed than scientifically backed data and information. In the general
theory of behavior, it is shown that individuals act in a specific response to certain stimuli. The
behavior theory predicts that the population would respond in a predicted manner to more scientific
facts about obesity. As noted through the debate, individual's thought process about obesity affects
how they view this new information. The media helps to distort this behavior as some people prefer
to follow negative stereotypes over the proven logic. Most individuals believe that obesity is caused
by willpower alone. Although current research predicts a combination of genes and the environment,
three quarters of a study of 1,509 adults proves that participants believe that obesity results from the
lack of willpower and the best treatment would be to take responsibility
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Human Nature Vs. Moral Logic Essay
With numerous wars, murders, and rapes it's normal to think that humans tend towards disorder.
Even at a young age, humans are selfish and think egocentrically. If they are lucky, they grow up to
think abstractly, only to use those thoughts to outsmart another human. However, human nature is
fundamentally good: if one was to strip a human of their social responsibilities and influences, they
would realize that a human is simple–minded and morally good. They openly donate their time and
resources to care for their loved ones. It's only when societal beliefs interfere with moral logic does
one not care for their family members, justifying their reasoning with something like, "I don't have
enough time to get my mom her medication. I have to go to work." To Zhu Xi, humans contain a
basic understanding of the "principles" or "patterns" of human nature. In that, they possess
ethical/moral principles that are naturally ingrained in them. Humans are morally good since they
contain the knowledge of what is right or wrong. For example, a human would shy away from
killing a person, since it's wrong to kill, and they would give their money to a poor man on the
street, since that would be the right thing to do. Zhu Xi sees these basic ethical principles as li. Li is
the basis of human nature, as it structures reality. It is the moral pattern, li, that influences our
actions and thoughts, which helps build our character. Qi is the basic building block of the world:
the physical shape and

The Principles Of Aristotle, Bertrand Russell, And...
Logic can be defined as the study of the methods and principles of correct reasoning or arguments.
Logic teaches the techniques and methods for the correctness of different kinds of reasoning. It
helps to detect errors in reasoning by examining and analyzing the various reasons. Logic
investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of
formal systems of inferences and through the study of arguments in natural language. It deals only
with propositions that are capable of being true and false. Modern logic descends mainly from the
ancient Greek tradition. All three philosophers; Aristotle, Bertrand Russell, and Immanuel Kant
theorized the question of what is logic. The greatest and most ... Show more content on
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But at the same time, scholars trained in modern formal techniques have come to view Aristotle with
new respect, not because of the correctness of his theory but for the remarkable similarity in spirit
between much of his work and modern logic. As Jonathan Lear put it, "Aristotle shares with modern
logicians a fundamental interest in metatheory." Aristotle saw logic as a tool that underlay
knowledge of all kinds and undertook its study because he believed it to be a necessary final step for
learning. Logic enables one to recognize when a judgment requires proof and to verify the validity
of such proof. Aristotle's thought had clear limitations, and his contribution to logic is generally
considered to be his greatest achievement.
Bertrand Arthur William Russell was a British philosopher, logician, essayist and social critic best
known for his work in mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. Russell is generally recognized
as one of the main founders of modern analytic philosophy. His most influential contributions
include logicism which is the view that mathematics is in some important sense reducible to logic.
Russell's main contributions to logic include his discovery of Russell's paradox also known as the
Russell–Zermelo paradox, his development of the theory of types, his championing of logicism the
view that mathematics is reducible to formal logic, and his general theory of logical

Lord Of The Flies Piggy Analysis
Piggy, with the help of his glasses and the conch, advances civilization on the island through logic
and knowledge but the other children begin to ignore him and therefore support Golding's theme of
savagery and its role in civilization. Savages, as stated by Golding, do not follow the rules of society
and ignore the voice of reason. This is exactly what the boys did throughout the novel– ignore
reason and society which led to their corruption. Golding utilized Piggy's personality to represent
society and civilization– the adult world– in order to demonstrate that knowledge itself is the only
thing keeping society from descending back into uncivilized savagery. Piggy is the stereotypical,
overweight, erudite outcast who follows every ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From personal experience, Piggy knew that the loud sound of the conch would attract other people
and because of this, the blowing of the conch helped create the island society. Piggy's suggestion
was a catalyst in forming civilization on the island through the establishment of a symbol of
authority– the conch. Throughout the majority of the novel, the conch represents the law and order
of their "society." Piggy, who gave value to the conch, is directly responsible for the establishment
of rules on the island. Once Jack created his group of savages, the importance of civilization and the
conch began to diminish on the island. Unlike before, the conch no longer held power but, Piggy's
beliefs still remained. The more the novel progressed, the less importance the conch was given and
consequently, indifference to knowledge as well. Piggy never stopped believing in the power of the
conch and everything that it represented– law, stability, and organized humanity. The power of the
conch however, died along with Piggy himself. When Piggy the voice of reason on the island was
brutally killed by Roger, so did the importance of order and logic in their society. Piggy's murder
perfectly ties Golding's theme of humanities descent into savagery and its relationship with
knowledge together because Roger's savage ways directly killed the only logical person on the
island. While describing the death of Piggy, Golding included the phrase "cease to exist" to refer to
both Piggy and

Essay on Nature vs Nurture: Twin Studies and Adoption
The nature– nurture debate has many different case studies, which often questions environmental
and hereditary aspects of the nature– nurture debate. A tangent which is focused on in this essay is
how the case studies of schizophrenia and IQ, specifically affect twin and adoption studies. This
essay will firstly, give a brief outline of the nature–nurture debate and the definitions of twin and
adoption studies. Secondly, it will illustrate two main case studies, which are IQ and Schizophrenia
studies. Thirdly, will contrast and compare the two and research's impact on the case studies in
regards to nature vs. nurture and finally, will conclude with the impact of the nature–nurture debate
and twin and adoption studies. "The term "nature ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Extending on from these, factors in each layer are influenced by elements within and outside of their
layers. For example what a child is exposed to as a result of his/her parent's beliefs. (Social Issues
Referencing, 2007) Due to these factors, the nature– nurture theory has impacted and influenced
many studies, one of these being the twin and adoption case. Twins, share a bond that no parent,
child or sibling relationship can ever compare. There are two main types of twins, and these include:
monozygotic (identical) twins and dizygotic (fraternal) twins, and they are compared by their
emotional, behavioural, and cognitive similarities. (Robert Plomin, 1997). According to Social
Issues Referencing, 2007, whereas Identical twins are formed from a single (mono) zygote and are
genetic "carbon copies", fraternal twins develop from two (di) separate zygotes, as a result of two
eggs being fertilized by two sperms independently. (Social Issues Referencing, 2007, para. 8)
Ultimately adoption is "the legal process which permanently transfers all the legal rights and
responsibilities of being a parent from the child's birth parents to the adoptive parents", (Human
Services, Community Services, 2009 p. 1) so parents who are not related to the child in any form are
adopting the child. In a sense, Twin studies relates to nature, as

The Basic Understanding Of Knowledge
Everything in the world needs structure, even concepts. Logic is the structure of the relationship
between concepts, in other words, logic is the study of thinking itself. Concepts can be organized by
mutual exclusion, overlap, inclusion, and mutual coincidence. Also, there are two types of reasoning
(logic), deductive and inductive. In philosophy, knowledge can be described as justified true belief.
Logic, or reasoning, is used to justify beliefs to determine whether they are true or not. Hence,
knowledge is dependent upon logic because logic is needed to justify the true belief. Experience
along with logic and reasoning helps to derive knowledge.
First, there must be a basic understanding of knowledge. Epistemology is the theory of ... Show
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Logicians are interested in how to form rules to figure out if a particular type of reasoning is logical,
whereas psychologist are concerned with the mental process of thinking. Reasoning is used as
evidence to come up with a conclusion and thus, justify a belief.
Furthermore, logic can be split up into two parties, inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.
Inductive reasoning is a theory concerned with the relationship between evidence and a conclusion
that is drawn from that evidence. This type of reasoning goes from the particular to the general. In
addition, inductive reasoning deals with inferences that are probable, not valid. This form of logic is
usually used in science and is often used interchangeably with the process, 'scientific method.'
Inductive reasoning usually bases its conclusions on prior patterns that have occurred. For example,
if a person were to state the following: "All so far observed, water boils at a 212 degrees Fahrenheit,
this is water, therefore it will boil at 212 degrees Fahrenheit." The particular portion of this
statement would be 'water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.' This is based on the previous patterns of
water boiling at 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Thus, if said liquid is water then one can conclude that
water will boil at 212 degrees Fahrenheit with disregard to location.
On the other hand, deductive reasoning deals with valid inferences. This branch of logic goes from
the general to the

Abraham Cowley's Argument For Drinking
Individuals usually tend to justify themselves in positive light rather than admitting the truth. It is
quite a natural thing to do whether it's admitting you are wrong or justifying why you are not guilty.
Abraham Cowley clearly illustrates this in poem "Drinking" where he tries to justify drinking is
natural. Which is true nature is constantly drinking water to survive and flourish whether it's from
living organisms or the cycles involving water. This logic is flawed because the author is using the
term drinking loosely as he uses alcohol whereas nature uses mainly water. He does have a strong
argument that nature needs to drink so why shouldn't he but abuse the term for his guilt.
Abraham uses nature to justify why drinking alcohol is natural because everything in ... Show more
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Going with the interpretation that there is no alcohol in water you cant get drunk. Water gives and
sustains life in nature but it does not get anything drunk. If nature were drunk it would not preform
the way it does now. When someone gets drunk your body has to eventually clear out the toxins in
the liver. If it was natural you wouldn't be making impaired judgments and doing things you regret
the next day. The author says, "Should every creature drink but I, Why, man of morals, tell me
why?" this exemplifies how the author knows that most readers are going to disagree with him. We
cant tell he talking about alcohol when he says, " Fill all the glasses then," meaning more glasses
with alcohol so they can drink which is natural. The author comes from the perspective that he is
drunk and is trying to make a joke at how drinking is natural. He just laughs about his justification
for drinking alcohol but trying connecting to nature. He is using the term drinking loosely because
drinking for him is alcohol and for nature it is water. Water is an essential for everything living and
alcohol is

The Nature of Logic and Perception Essay
As we grow in our lives it is necessary to stop to understand, what we do and how we think. How
did we come to a certain conclusion or perception? This paper will explain the nature of logic to
critical thinking. Also covered will be my own perceptual process and a description of the types of
blocks that influence my views. It is the ability to hone the thinking skills necessary to become a
well–rounded contributor to a society or an organization.
The nature of logic to critical thinking begins at an early age. From the time one learns the
difference between hot and cold, right and wrong, and so on, are the roots of critical thinking. Where
we grow and live are the elements of the nature of logic and perceptions. We continue to build ...
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To understand critical thinking, one has to have some sense of how human beings process
information. We are biologically set up to make sense out of information and experience by
summarizing it to reduce the amount of detail using concepts. Each was accomplished by taking
information currently known and mastering cognitive skills.
Cognitive skills must be considered at the core of critical thinking. These skills should include
interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, and explanation. These cognitive skills can be
simplified as mental abilities that one possesses. "The logical roots of critical thinking in the reading
are as ancient as its etymology. It is traceable as far back as to the teaching practice and vision of
Socrates 2,500 years ago" (Kirby, et al. 1999 p. 12). He discovered by a method of probing
questioning that people could not rationally justify their confident claims to knowledge. Confused
meanings, inadequate evidence, or self–contradictory beliefs often lurked beneath smooth but
largely empty public speaking of his time.
In order to think more critically, we must be willing to identify and explore our own emotional
positions on issues, and our biases and perceptions. Interestingly enough increasing our own
awareness of these factors with respect to particular problems helps us avoid ineffective decisions,
while at the same time, helping us learn about ourselves.
Many things can

Lord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis
Lord of the Flies, a novel by William Golding, is about a group of young boys that get stranded on
an island with nothing but the clothes on their backs. They are left to survive on their own, and
chaos naturally ensues. Throughout the book, Golding presents objects that have hidden meanings
that can become apparent if the reader only looks deeper. In Lord of the Flies, the fire and Piggy's
specs symbolize how pure emotions can and will be corrupted by human nature.
The fire the boys strived to maintain throughout the book represents their hope for rescue and the
unity they require. Once Ralph is elected as leader, the first thing he does is think of rescue. He
planned a fire to be made so if any ships sailed by, they would see the smoke. Their hope and blind
faith in rescue relies on the smoke from this fire, but the fire also relies on them. They have to work
as a team to keep the fire burning at all times. "Even the smallest boys, unless fruit claimed them,
brought little pieces of wood and threw them in" (41). The hope and unity the boys display at the
beginning of the book is represented by their precious fire on top of the rock.
Piggy's specs symbolize the logic and rationality that, however hard to hold on to, is desperately
needed by the boys. Being stranded on an island is a stressful and terrifying situation. Rational
thinking is one of the most important things in this type of situation, yet the voice of panic usually
drowns it out. Glasses, however stereotypical,

The Revolutions Of The Celestial Orbs By Nicolaus...
The texts The Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs by Nicolaus Copernicus and Two New Sciences by
Galileo demonstrates a powerful illustration of heliocentric hypothesis. In each book, astronomer
Nicolas Copernicus and Scientist Galileo Galilei describes their theory and assumption about the
motion and shapes of the planets and objects based on their understandings and advocating earlier
scientist's thoughts. Nicolas Copernicus describes "Sun" as the center of the universe, which is
spherical in shape and other planets(wanderers), which are also spherical revolve around the sun in a
Uniform, Eternal, and Circular motion. Likewise, Galileo defines the motion of massive bodies
(planets) are steady and uniform, and distance traveled by these bodies are equivalent at equal
intervals of time. However, in "Idols of the Mind," Francis Bacon demonstrated that there were
flaws in the assumptions made by the scientists because they conducted the practical experiments
and theories based on their own understanding. According to his scientific investigations, past
scientific thinkers used tests and experiments based on their thoughts, which he thinks corrupts the
"nature of things" as they try to compound their nature with it. Copernicus and Galileo commit
errors by demonstrating theories and performing experiments based on the human understandings of
themselves and other scientists, like Aristotle. However, because this leads to the corruption of a
more natural way of thinking, Francis

Characteristics In The Movie : The Hero Of The Hawkeye
When a movie is romantic the first thought that came to mind was epic and this movie delivers on
that word, epic. This movie revolves around a set of characters that show romantic traits, but one
character comes to mind more than all the others, Hawkeye. Remember back to the beginning of the
movie he appeared though the dense fog, Hawkeye standing in the middle of the last two Mohicans
to rescue Cora and Alice from there rogue guides.Hawkeye stands out as the romantic theme of the
movie not just because he is the hero of the movie, but his desire for individual freedom, love for
nature, and use of emotion and logic.
Hawkeye lived on his own terms he did not let anyone push him into doing something he did not
want to do. Hawkeye held himself accountable for the group by being a leader. The movie depicts
one scene that really captures Hawkeye and his individual freedom, Hawkeye goes to the chief of
the Huron's, Sachem where the Mohicans are by his side and they are beaten before they talk to the
Huron chief yet he still holds himself high when he meets the chief surrounded by his people while
he talks his mind. Hawkeye knew he was in dangerous territory and position yet he still went and
held himself with honor even though he was beaten and taunted before he got there.
To a Native American the wilderness is your home it's you life source. Hawkeye although he was
not a true Native American he lived with the natives and developed a strong kinship with nature.
The movie shows a

Overview Of Plato And Plato's Theory Of The Four Forms
Throughout history, many philosophers have discussed the question: is human behavior driven by
the mind (logic) or is it driven by a greater force (soul)? This question has been a major topic of
many philosophical discussions. This debate has caused many philosophers to give potential
answers to the problem, yet no one agrees on one idea. Of these potential answers, two well–known
ones are Plato's Theory of Forms and Aristotle's Theory of the Four Causes. Despite their common
focus on knowledge, the two philosophers differ in their beliefs in how knowledge is obtained. Plato
places a bigger emphasis on the soul being the source of true knowledge, while Aristotle argues that
true knowledge comes from logic and reason. Of the two, Aristotle ... Show more content on
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True knowledge is information that cannot be refuted or even argued against. In his mind, true
knowledge is absolute truth. Plato uses his Theory of the Forms to explain the nature of everything
in existence. In "Phaedo," Plato gives the example of why a beautiful person or a beautiful object
truly has beauty. Plato argues "that if anything is beautiful besides absolute beauty it is beautiful for
no other reason than because it partakes of absolute beauty; and this applies to everything" (Phaedo
100c). In order for people to identify something that is beautiful, we must have a general
understanding of beauty as an abstract concept. This means that people have the ability to identify a
person or object as beautiful because the person or object is participating in the general form of
beauty. This general form of beauty cannot be seen nor change; it is unlike people and objects in the
visible world which can lose their beauty. Just as with the idea of beauty, Plato argues that his
Theory of Forms applies to all of reality of stating that there is a form for every concept that there
exists. These forms are eternal and unchanging, unaffected and unhindered by the ever–changing
nature of the visible world. The ambiguity of the concept of the forms in Plato's Theory of Forms
lessens the strength of Plato's overall argument. Plato uses the concept of the forms as the basis of
many of his

Nature of Logic and Perception Essays
Nature or Logic and Perception
Outline:
1. Definition of logic and its connection with critical thinking.
2. An everyday example is given when use of logic and critical thinking takes place.
3. Nature of logic defined.
4. Perceptual shortcuts and factors influencing it.
5. How these shortcuts affect our decisions.
6. My personal experience of perceptual shortcut.
7. What I learned from this experience.
8. Importance of logic and critical thinking.
9. Resources
This paper is aimed at the relation logic has with perception. It kicks off with the meaning and
process of logic and how it then relates to critical thinking. It further gives a very common example
of how one makes a decision with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You hear that one of your choices is severely backed up, so you decide to go with you other decision
to arrive to work punctually and safely.
The nature of logic as understood is when you have a situation, belief, custom, etc. that is examined
and reviewed in great detail to discover the reasoning behind certain deeds. Critical thinking as I
understand is when you view a situation in numerous ways to get a precise answer or best results.
The nature of logic relates to critical thinking by examining the situation and thoughts to get a
clearer decision of possible outcomes, or reasoning.
We make one major judgment when we first encounter a person or situation and then we carry that
impression forward into subsequent interactions, is what we call perceptual shortcuts. Viewing
people as steady or constant is directly related to first impressions and involves a belief that people
will not, or can not, change their behavior.
There are factors that can affect this process such as; biological, social/cultural and language factors.
Apart from these values, beliefs and attitudes have a sound effect on a person?s perception.
Since people make judgments based on their perception, a lot of misinterpretation and conflict is
caused. So in order to keep things on the right track, all one has to do is listen and look well and
definitely not jump to conclusions; for this patience is necessary.

My perceptual blocks developed from the environment I resided in.

Lord Of The Flies Ralph Leadership
Leadership is a powerful and highly valued trait; however, it is one that not all possess. Look closely
at the characters in William Golding's novel Lord of the Flies. In a well–written essay, consider the
importance of leadership as it pertains to the central theme and the novel as a whole.
By examining the quality, nature and presence of leadership in the characters of William Golding's
Lord of the Flies, a reader gains vital insight to several of the central themes of the novel. Ralph and
Jack both display strong leadership qualities throughout the novel, but Jack ultimately garners more
support. This is important to Golding's argument because it shows that the use of fear, violence, and
immediate gratification are more effective methods ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the first chapter it is clear that Piggy has the most rational, logical and adult mindset of the
group. Piggy, however, cannot impose his judgments on the group because he is fat and whiny and
therefor cannot lead. Age, stature and appearance are the gauges by which the group selects a leader,
all superficial criteria that are not directly tied to true leadership ability. Simon is similar to Piggy in
that he possesses the greatest capacity for truly 'right' morality, and yet holds no power over the
group as a whole because of his lack of superficial leadership qualities. By emphasizing Piggy and
Simon's positive character traits while simultaneously underscoring their lack of influence on the
group, Golding proves his argument that power is more important than logic and

Differences Between Informal Logic, And Theoretical...
Introduction
Philosophy is commonly divide to theoretical and practical.Theoretical philosophy is sometimes
confused with analytic philosophy, but the second is a philosophical movement, embracing certain
ideas and methods but dealing with all philosophical subject matters, while theoretical philosophy is
a way of sorting philosophical questions into two different categories in the context of a
curriculum.The topics included in theoretical philosophy are metaphysics/ontology, philosophy of
language, epistemology, philosophy of mind, and logic.
Through studies in theoretical philosophy, it provides an introduction to human reasoning and the
knowledge relating to it, and its different fields support each other. The studies will gain systematic
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Natural language here means a language that is spoken, written or signed by humans for general–
purpose communication, as distinguished from formal languages (such as computer–programming
languages) or constructed languages (such as Esperanto).
It focuses on the reasoning and argument one finds in personal exchange, advertising, political
debate, legal argument, and the social commentary that characterizes newspapers, television, the
Internet and other forms of mass media
Symbolic Logic
Symbolic Logic is the study of symbolic abstractions that capture the formal features of logical
inference. It explains and deals with the relations of symbols to each other, often using complex
mathematical calculus, in an attempt to solve difficult problems traditional formal logic is not able
to address.Symbolic logic is often divided into two sub–branches:
Predicate Logic
Predicate Logic allows sentences to be analysed into subject and argument in several different ways.
Predicate Logic is also able to give an account of quantifiers general enough to express all
arguments occurring in natural language, thus allowing the solution of the problem of multiple
generality that had perplexed medieval

Aristotle's Book One Essay
Aristotle's focus in the beginning of Book One is partnerships, he takes it from the simple being to a
man and woman partnership to villages coming together to create a city. Aristotle is similar to Locke
in their belief that man is ruled first by themselves, he says "the mind is the naturally ruling and
naturally mastering element." (Aristotle 36; 32) On the same topic, Locke says in the state of nature
man is equal, it is only in the laws of government where inequality exist. (Locke 8) Both men also
agree that it is a necessity to have the relationship of the man and woman for the sake of
reproduction. Later in Book One Aristotle expands on these partnerships between men and women;
in their purest form men and women come together to make communities, which together in the end
comes to form cities. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is what allows man to be made into a society. Aristotle continues on to say "the city belongs
among other the other things that exist by nature, and man is by nature a political animal" (Aristotle
37; 1–3) This means that man has reason and with that reason man is going to make a form of
government. Since this government is created by the very people it rules over this government
should be just. In chapter 11, Locke the first and fundamental natural law is the establishment of the
government by the commonwealth. (Locke 69) This is evidence that both men believe that in state
of nature man is logical enough to come together and form a sense of

Aristotle's Balance of Eudaimonia
Aristotle's balance of Eudaimonia
Aristotle, the son of Nicomachus(Aristotle), known as 'the philosopher, was born in 384 B.C.E, in a
small city named Stagira in northern Greece. During his lifetime, he studied variety of subjects and
brought knowledge to all aspects (Blackburn). He viewed that as a human, a subject who's
determined goal is to reach virtue and Arête, is connected with nature and its balance (Golden
Mean). Aristotle also viewed a good life as political questions. He analyzed that human's basic shape
of desire and aim is formed at the age of six (Hare). The good life, then, was defined by Aristotle as
'the activity of the soul in accordance with virtue.' According to Aristotle, a good life is maintaining
the balance of virtue and vice, and Eudaimonia of the soul in that one would be satisfied with the
accomplishments done (Bambic).
Aristotle believed that everything has a function aiming for the good, and that politics are an
important factor for functioning well. He stated in Nicomachean Ethics, one of his manuscript
books, that the purpose of living is functioning well and learning moral philosophy. Aristotle studied
logic to explain phenomenon's, and believed that logic is the precondition of knowledge ( Palmer
91). Using this logic, He claimed that every act has a purpose, which is defined as 'good'. Aristotle
proves that everything has a function, and that human beings have a function. Hence, if something
functioning well is good, living is

The Power And The Promise Of Ecological Feminism Summary
In the reading "The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism", the author, Karen J. Warren,
explains her argument on the inevitable connection between the oppression of women and the
oppression of nature. She further suggests that ecofeminism provides a framework to re envision
feminism and create an environmental ethic which takes into account the connection between
sexism and naturism.
Understanding feminist issues conceptually helps to understand environmental issues. The
conceptual framework of the identical dominations of women and nature is oppressive and
patriarchal, which justifies the oppression. The three main components of oppressive conceptual
framework are vertical thinking, or thinking in terms of rank, value dualisms, or exclusive
oppositional ideas, and the logic of domination, which is the logic structured to lead to the
justification of subordination. The logic of domination component, when coupled with the the other
two components, creates the problem of subordination justification and ... Show more content on
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Not only are the dominations of women and nature both patriarchally justified through the logic of
domination, but the historical and social realistic conceptions of gender and nature are also both
socially fabricated.
Warren brings up the important use of the first–person narrative to make people aware of the
pertinent ethical issues often forgotten. She claims it is a substantial mechanism in both feminism
and ecofeminism for four reasons: 1) it is a method that exhibits the importance of relationships, 2)
it reveals many attitudes and behaviors of ethics often neglected, such as the ethic of care, 3) it
provides a realistic situations in which moral beings can relate, and 4) it demonstrates what counts
as a good outcome or decision in an ethical

Compare And Contrast Sleepy Hollow And The Legend Of...
In 1820 Washington Irving wrote the classic short story, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow". In his
version no one knew what happened to Ichabod Crane, however there was some theories. The
townsfolk of a small backwoods town, Sleepy Hollow, just knew the Headless Horseman had come
for him. Thus, making nature win. In 1999 Tim Burton directed a movie that was "based" on
Washington Irving's short story. In his version everyone knew what happened to Ichabod Crane. He
left the little town with Katrina Van Tassel and Young Masbath after finding out how to stop the
Headless Houseman. Which, is making science win. The film version and the short story version
both had the same theme, science will kill nature or nature will kill science. However, was this ...
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Even though Ichabod Crane saw the Headless Horsemen with his own eyes, he still thought science
and logic was superior. When he saw the Headless Horsemen for the first time he was in a state of
panic, did not know what to believe in anymore. Eventually, he got a grip on himself and says there
must be an explanation for everything, and therefore believes there is a perfectly logical explanation
for what is happening in the town of Sleepy hollow. However, once Ichabod Crane, Young Masbath,
and Katrina Van Tassel went into the Western Woods and found the Headless Horseman burial site
and they saw him spring forth from the dead blood tree. This made Ichabod Crane question
everything aging since the tree represents the bringing together of two worlds. (50:00) He came
back to logic and science when he figured out that someone was controlling the Headless Horsemen
to kill all these people. (59:01) He always managed to find his way back to science and logic. When
Ichabod Crane left the town he had won the heart of Katrina Van Tassel and they left with Young
Masbath to go back to the life he had known before going to Sleepy Hollow. If he didn't believed
that science and logic wasn't superior than he wouldn't have left the

Arcadia Essay
The objectivity of the enlightenment, which explains everything through mathematical and scientific
laws, is in itself the impediment within progress because to detach the emotional aspect of reason
within rationale results in fragmented knowledge; it is only when both realms of knowledge and
emotion intertwine within the genius that progression will readily manifest and prosper in
ratiocination. While certain personas and events in Arcadia typify Enlightenment characterization,
others depict characterization of personas and events peculiar to Romanticism. Wither exemplifying
Enlightenment or Romantic ideals, Arcadia serves to communicate the chaos that transpires when
only one realm is effectuated. Arcadia inaugurates the dissonance of the two historical periods that
result in pandemonium through Thomasina's equation. "Each week I plot your equations dot for dot,
x's against y's in all manner of algebraical relation, and every week they draw themselves as
commonplace geometry, as if the world of forms were nothing but arcs and angles. God 's truth,
Septimus, if there is an equation for a curve like a bell, there must be an equation for one like a
bluebell, and if a bluebell, why not a rose?"(Stoppard, 37). Thomasina's ultimate goal is not to find a
mathematical equation that expresses only perfect geometric shapes, but rather a mathematical
equation that evinces all natural forms and occurrences of nature in addition. Septimus is content
with the detachment of the two

Critical Thinking Chapter 16 Summary
Chapter 16 is about critical thinking and moral arguments. Critical thinking is a mode of thinking in
which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and
reconstructing it. A moral argument is an argument with a conclusion that expresses a moral claim.
Logic is rational thoughts and formats tool or ways of reasoning. Formal logic is the use of
deductive reasoning and is a structured argument with a set of premises and one conclusion.
Informal logic is the use of inductive arguments. A fallacy– a flaw in thinking or reasoning.
Deductive logic is if the argument is valid and if the premises is true or sound then the conclusion
must be true and inductive logic is practical knowledge.

Symbolism In Piggy's Glasses By William Golding
Eyes help us see the world. But sometimes it fails to see the truth; Golding shares the same view. He
was born on September 19, 1911. His view of the world changed after participating in WWII in a
royal navy. He shared the limit of human destruction in his book, The Lord of the Flies. The book
predicts what the human civilization would do, when they have to form their own government. In
The lord of the flies Golding uses the changing symbolism, Piggy's Glasses, to connect with the
boys who were slowly going into destruction as would every human because their hatred can't stay
in democracy. At the beginning, bunch of kids are lost in an island during a plane crash in WWII.
These kids are separated from adults, so they have to be independent ... Show more content on
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Everyone at this point is covered with hatred. Jack leaves Ralph's pack, making his own group after
the incident with Piggy. The boys start joining the other group. Golding separates the group to form
the two opposing groups, democracy and anarchy. He also uses Piggy's spec to connect with the
current event. Jack has to make his own fire since it's a basic need for survival. He opts to raid
Ralph's tent at night, to steal the broken glass from Piggy. '"Piggy – where are you, Piggy?"'(166).
"Dark figures drew themselves out of the wreckage and flitted away, till the screams of the littleuns
and Piggy's gasps were once more audible...He was a chief now in truth; and he made stabbing
motions with his spear. From his left hand dangled Piggy's broken glasses" (167–168). This is the
point of total destruction. The logic is in the hands of a human who has disrespected reasoning since
the beginning of the story. Jack and the group "drew themselves out of wreckage" and "he was a
chief now" and he carried the "dangled Piggy's broken glass". In the end Jack's group is victorious
since they have achieved the ultimate logic that had been the base of Ralph's group which
represented democracy. The boys join the dictator since their hatred couldn't stand democracy which
was the system for

What Intimate Relationship Between Transparent Logic,...
Japanese autodidact modernist architect Tadao Ando, explores the intimate relationship between
transparent logic, abstraction, nature and place through the study of material and form and the
interaction between the everyday human life and it's surrounding in his architecture. The interplay of
these elements are evident through his body of work especially his residential Koshino House and
Extension project. His broad depth in understanding the inherent fundamental human needs and his
close study of famous modernist architects such as Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright has
resulted in his prevailing success.
"I create architectural order on the basis of geometry... and in this way to develop a theory of parts
that is founded on the sensibility of the Japanese people". As a child growing up in front of a wood
workshop, being fascinated by what he saw, at the age of 10 – 17 Ando became an apprentice,
learning to create wooden models and the skills of a carpenter. There he discovered the beauty of the
balance between a form and the material it is made of. However it was not until he was 18, when he
discovered a book about Le Corbusier and began to travel and analyse traditional and contemporary
architecture in Japan, Europe and the United States, he came to understand these relationships in
actual architecture as an entire physical being. (pritzker prize). His visit to the Pantheon in Rome
and Le Corbusier's Únite d'Habitation flourished his own understanding of spatial

The French Revolution Of The 18th Century
The French Revolution of the 18th Century presented a theme of hope and change for new political
and artistic thought processes as it fought for equal rights over oppression. This Revolution marked
the beginning of the Romantic Period, effectively inspiring poets to pursue raw emotion rather than
logic or reason as in the previous age. In turn, the revolution gave great influence to several key
social poets of the time such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge. Accordingly, these
poets illustrated the ideals of these revolutionary beliefs to reach the public consciousness of their
society through poetic portrayals of the individual achieving greatness or personal understanding
through the emotion of nature. As a result, this explication will demonstrate an exploration of
romantic techniques to create an interpretation of my poem while examining the elements of
Romantic poetry in general based on the works of Coleridge and Wordsworth. The romantic period
in English literature revolves around several focal points including imagination, nature,
individualism and romantic love centering on human emotion. In turn, original Romantic Poets
William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge embodied these themes within their poetry while adding
supplemental concepts to develop the overall story. My Poem "Awake" embodies these same themes
in interpreting the techniques and concepts of Wordsworth and Coleridge. Firstly, "Awake"
illustrates a speaker commanding a common individual to

How Is Conflict Presented In Lord Of The Flies
Discuss the Development in the Conflict as Represented in Lord of the Flies The slow development
of conflict in Lord of the Flies reflects ideas relating to the authenticity of society and civilisation.
This is revealed through the characters quick decent into tribal behaviour upon an absence of
humanity, casting off the chains of society in favour of violence and savagery. These controversial
ideas presented throughout Lord of the Flies are communicated through four main characters who
each play important roles in portraying these concepts through the medium of conflict between each
other. The protagonists Ralph, Piggy and Simon all depict the 'good' themes of civilisation, each
portraying either intellectuals, humanitarians or affiliations ... Show more content on
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Jack is initially depicted as a strong willed yet disciplined schoolboy but rapidly transforms into a
brutal savage, adopting depraved values in favor of his old, civilised values. Jack is symbolic of all
the negative segments and attitudes of civilisation such as the desire for power, money, control and
fame. He naturally conflicts with the other characters representing the positives of civilisation such
as Ralph and Piggy and tries to silence them for his own personal gain. This conflict between good
and evil is rendered immediately when Jack joins the group in the beginning of the film. With a
show of power he marches his intimidating choir into the meeting and attempts to take control from
Ralph and Piggy. "I think we ought to have a chief to decide things. I ought to be chief." he
announces, unashamefully declaring his desire for power. Later in the film conflict between these
characters flare up, such as when Ralph and Piggy try to call a meeting. Jack openly declares
hostility and resistance against them "Who are you to tell us what to do anyway? You can't hunt.
Why should being chosen matter?". His rationalisation for breaking the rules is simply "Who cares
about the rules, we're strong.", openly admitting to believing he is above the law. During the final
stages of the film Jack had successfully persuaded almost all of the boys to

Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime And Punishment
Fyodor Dostoevsky, who was considered to be a genius of his time, was spared from a death
sentence he received for his involvement in a literary group that discussed banned books. As he was
close to being killed, this experience provides an explanation for his belief that killing is unjust and
does not better society. In Dostoevsky's book Crime and Punishment, this belief is developed
through a criticism of the theories and actions of the main character Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov
believes that he has the right to kill an old pawnbroker because he views himself as extraordinary
and her as a negative member of society. Porfiry, an older, logical detective, invalidates
Raskolnikov's extraordinary man theory through his questions and his own ... Show more content on
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This trait of Porfiry emphasizes Raskolnikov's lack of logic. He easily fell into Porfiry's first trap,
and he did not consider the consequences of writing an article about becoming ill from a crime and
then actually becoming ill from committing a crime. This oversight takes credibility away from
Raskolnikov because it makes him seem less sharp than before. Similarly, Raskolnikov falls for
Porfiry's second trap. This time, Porfiry misrepresents one of Raskolnikov's ideas from his article
stating "the extraordinary have the right to commit all sorts of crimes and in various ways to
transgress the law" (259). In this trap, Porfiry appeals to Raskolnikov's pride for his article to bait
him into revealing incriminating details of his theory. This tactic exemplifies Porfiry's clever logic
and characterizes him as a skilled detective. Oppositely, Raskolnikov's response characterizes him as
an easily manipulated criminal as he falls into the trap, explaining "I merely suggested that an
'extraordinary man' has the right...to allow his conscience to...step over certain obstacles, and then
only in the event that the fulfillment of his idea––sometimes perhaps salutary for the whole of
mankind––calls for it" (259). Not only does Raskolnikov reinforce that he believes the extraordinary
man can commit crimes because of

The Nature of Logic and Perception Essay example
Critical thinking is the use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a
desirable outcome. It is used to describe thinking that is purposeful, reasoned and goal directed – the
kind of thinking involved in solving problems, formulating inferences, calculating likelihood's, and
making decisions when the thinker is using skills that are thoughtful and effective for the particular
context and type of thinking task. Thus, critical thinking involves: following evidence where it
leads; considering all possibilities; relying on reason rather than emotion; being precise; considering
a variety of possible viewpoints and explanations; weighing the effects of motives and biases; being
concerned more with finding the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This requires that they develop sound criteria and standards for analyzing and assessing their own
thinking and routinely use those criteria and standards to improve its quality.
Broadly speaking, critical thinking is concerned with reason, intellectual honesty, and open–
mindedness, as opposed too emotionalism, intellectual laziness, and closed–mindedness.
Wordnet views perception as "insight, intuition, or knowledge gained by perceiving, a way of
conceiving something" (Wordnet, 1997). Perception, to me is the way I view something or situation,
it may not necessarily be the way the situation happened.
I was recently involved in a situation at work when my co–workers and me perceived that weekly
department meeting would be unpleasant and hostile. The reason for the misperception was because
our supervisor sent us a hostile email. He was having a bad

Short Essay On Islamic Philosophy
This paper is designed about the discussion on what is philosophy and what is Islamic philosophy
and philosophy itself. In first discussion is explain about the philosophy and the second discussion is
discuss about the Islamic Philosophy. Generally, philosophy is the study of general and fundamental
problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason and so forth.
First and foremost, the term of philosophy is derived from combination two Greek words which is
'Philos' and 'Sophia' which means 'love or pursuit' and 'wisdom or knowledge or hikmah', so it is
called as 'love of knowledge'. Those who love of wisdom known as philosopher. The consideration
of philosopher is always seeking the wisdom or truth without any prejudice. Wisdom also can be
regarded as full of beneficial knowledge without any injustice and it had been mentioned many
ways in the Quran verses, one of them from the verses 31:12 "We bestowed (in the past) Wisdom on
Luqman: "Show (thy) gratitude to Allah." Any who is (so) grateful does so to the profit of his own
soul: but if any is ungrateful, verily Allah is free of all wants, Worthy of all praise."
Generally, the classification philosophy is discussed about metaphysic, epistemology, logic, ethic
and aesthetics. It all about nature of things and the mother of knowledge (matter scientiarum).
Actually, metaphysic derived from Greek word which "meta" means "after", so "metaphysic" mean
"after physic". Metaphysic is the study of

Mark Haddon's The Curious Incident Of The Dog In The...
Unpredictability is a source of spontaneous emotions such as suspense, excitement, and angst. These
mixture of feelings are simultaneous and conflicting which the brain has difficulty processing. To
avoid this conflict, people use logic to make predictions about the future and create a sense of order.
In Mark Haddon's The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night–Time, Christopher Boone's
Asperger's syndrome makes it more difficult for him to understand social cues and the meaning of
things. Christopher's lack of basic understanding is a major cause for additional unpredictability in
his life. In order to cope with the unpredictability, Christopher resorts finding order through his use
of logic. Christopher also detaches himself from emotions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Emotions are the spark of inspiration to create goals and can often help achieve them. At the same
time rational thinking allows for the goal to be seen clearly and can help achieve the goal.
Intertwining emotion and logic allows for people to make better decisions by weighing both sides to
determine a form of action. Overall, this combination increases empathy. When Christopher is
kneeling beside the dog Wellington, he thinks to himself, "I like dogs. You always know what a dog
is thinking. It has four moods. Happy, sad, cross, and concentrating" (Haddon 3–4). Christopher
often has a difficult time connecting with humans because of his social drawbacks. In contrast,
Christopher feels a strong emotional connection to Wellington because a dog's emotions are basic
and easy for Christopher to understand. Because of Christopher's connection to Wellington, he
decides to embark on a journey to solve the mystery of who killed Wellington. In Siegelman's
literary criticism, she speculates that "the book is presumably Christopher's attempt to create order
out of uncertainty by writing a mystery novel, under the aegis of Siobhan" (Siegelman 50).
Christopher's emotional attachment to the dog drives him to solve the unpredictable. Throughout the
case, Christopher uses his logic to guide him. The combination of emotion and logic allow him

The Ontological Argument By Anselm
I will begin my paper by discussing the two major versions of the ontological argument by Anselm
presented in the proslogion. The first being "Possible and actual existence", and the second being
"Contingent or Necessary". One should start off with the first summarized in the standard form as
follows: #1 It is a conceptual truth that God is a being than which none greater can be imagined. #2
God exists as an idea in the mind. #3 A being that exists as an idea in the mind and in reality is,
other things being equal, greater than a being that exists only as an idea in the mind. #4 Thus, if God
exists only as an idea in the mind, then we can imagine something that is greater than God. #5 But
we cannot imagine something that is greater than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[Ia] Unfortunately to properly render a complete discussion of the ontological argument One must
begin by defining a few keywords. Definitions for P2 are as follows. first, conceptual truth:
something that can be understood or perceived by the use of reason or imagination. Second, a being:
one's basic nature, or the qualities thereof; essence or personality[3]. Third, greater: of ability,
quality, or eminence considerably above the normal or average [4]. Forth, imagined: form a mental
image or concept of [4]. Fifth, Idea: a thought or suggestion as to a possible course of action [4].
Sixth, mind: the element of a person that enables them to be aware of the world and their
experiences, to think, and to feel; the faculty of consciousness and thought [4]. Definitions for P3
are as follows. Seventh, actual: existing in fact; typically as contrasted with what was intended,
expected, or believed [4]. Eighth, existence: the fact or state of living or having objective reality.
Ninth, contingent: occurring or existing only if certain other circumstances are the case; dependent
on [4]. Tenth, necessary: present; needed; essential [4]. Due to the nature of definitions, I will not
give an argument for the lack of implied meanings.
[IIa] For P2 axioms #1 and #3 appears that using a loose form of relativism the argument holds.
For axiom #2 its entirety is an assumption that is to be disproved. Axioms #4–6 are logical
deductions from Axioms #1 through #3. For P3

Edgar Allan Poe 's A Descent Into The Maelstrom
In Edgar Allan Poe's "A Descent into the Maelstrom," the power of nature is underestimated.
Aspects of the natural world are depicted in an extreme, otherworldly and almost unfathomable
form, and serve as indicators for a journey into a world that is within nature, but simultaneously
borders on the supernatural. Common elements of the natural world are intensified and serve as
symbolic, rather than everyday elements. Their exaggerated forms signify a break from a more
familiar, assumed understanding of nature, which man thought he could predict and control, to a
more powerful force. The protagonist in "A Descent into the Maelstrom" attempts to use reasoning
and science to prepare to map out nature's workings, which proves to be unreliable as he encounters
natural forces that surround supernatural events. The end result is that a reliance on the principles of
science and reason are exchanged for a renewed understanding of the powerful role of nature and its
relation with the cosmic. Through the sailor's changed perspective after encountering the maelstrom,
the reader is able to see the relationship between the nature of the cosmos and man's place in it. It is
through the comparative theme of the cosmic versus the small that Poe challenges the favored
prevalence of scientific thinking that stemmed from the Enlightenment. In a time where the
complexities of religion and nature were being overwhelmed by a preference for scientific
explanation and thought, Poe challenges that

Dalai Lama's Essay-Moral Is A Complex Thing
Do Moral Is A Complex Thing Humans' emotions are very complex. It is hard to tell others when
people do moral, they ways are true and wrong. The behaviors that humans appear are also
influenced by their values. And their values are influenced by many aspects. Such as cultures and
religions. Thus, when humans know that we need to think things in moral ways, the ways that to be
moral are different. As the Dalai Lama mentions in his essay called "Ethics and the New Genetics,"
the ways to close to the moral thinking need to follow humans inner emotions. However, humans
emotions are such a complex thing. Because everyone has his/her own values, when they talked to
others, humans are easily to be confused by others' values. To be moral is ... Show more content on
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In some religions such as the Buddhism, people need to be comprehensive. However, the Dalai
Lama as a person who live in that religions, his word are opposite to his education: "Because of the
profoundly interconnected reality of today's world, we need to relate to the challenges we face as a
single human family rather than as members of specific nationalities, ethnicities, or religions."(139)
In his words, if humans do moral, humans cannot consider what they are educated. Education
includes many aspect and humans thoughts also include the education which we learned these years.
It is hard that when humans do moral just do moral with their inner feeling. Actually, the feeling also
impacted by people's values. When the Dalai Lama wrote this essay, he also use his value to tell
people how to do moral rather than tell people think more about their inner feeling. Hence, the value
and inner feeling is same thing. They are difficult to be consider as two parts. Herzog puts forward
an idea called "the trouble middle," its concept is "I also believe that our vastly greater capacity for
symbolic language, culture, and ethical judgment puts humans on a different moral plane from that
of other animals."(247) Because people's values are different, the ways people treat animals are
different. Just as Herzog says, there are many

Into The Electronic Millennium: Article Analysis
Nowadays, people spend more and more time "doing stuffs" on electronics rather than reading texts
on pieces of paper. Some scholars have been started to discuss the positive and negative of using
electronic devices but they still do not have any results. According to the article Into the Elec–tronic
Millennium, the author Sven Birkerts shows his concern that the Electronic Millennium would
likely to bring people a disaster which my effect generations. His points are correct because e–
reading can't provide a logic effect, electronic communication will affect the way that people
understand the world and electronic information will not be able to keep for historical study. The
title Into the Electronic Millennium reflects the mainstream of this era. Reading is the most basic
way that people to acquire information from the out world of their bodies. People get information
and learn knowledge through reading–how important the reading is, it could affect people's
personalities and attitudes even worldviews. Someone says logic is the 6th feel of human. Cops need
logics to detect criminals, students need logics to solve math problems, and also the SAT reasoning
test requires ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Traditional products can make people feel closer to nature; and the cold high–technology products
make people far away from nature. In the modern society, people should teach their kids something
closer to tradition and then kids can understand how the tradition is important to their lives.
Struggles will continue between electronic products and paper products; there will certainly be one
winner, but nobody knows who will win. Both products have advantages and disadvantages.
Electronic products bring convenience to people but also make people under the trap. When the time
that descendants ask about "What is a book?" elder generations should having introspections of their
own

Metaphysics: Video Analysis
Each video offers different insights in these four subjects. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy
which investigates the fundamental nature of being and the world that encompasses it.[1]
Metaphysics attempts to answer two basic questions such as what is there and what is there. This
branch tries to find the meaning of life through thought alone.
Metaethics, investigates the origin and nature of ethical concepts and the language we use to talk
about them. Such things encompass the idea of "right" and "wrong." This subject is present in the
business sector, the video we watched emphasized this a few times. This group of philosophers are
tasked with what is the right way about going about a task or decision. The ethics side, plays a large
part from what I have seen, this is the speaking point which makes us question, the decisions and
beliefs of our nation vs what another country believes. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After watching the video it did. The purpose of logic is to help find the right way of doing
something. Much like the metaphysics.
Epistemology, asks what do instances of knowledge have in common and what is the scope of
knowledge? This group tries to differentiate beliefs from

Philos And Logos Research Paper
The story of Western philosophy began in Greece, which is known for its famous Greek
philosophers, leaders, poets, and scientists. Greece is also famous for being the birthplace of
democracy. The Greek word "Logos" translates into the English word "logic", where logos means
the theory, study, or rationalization of something. "Logos" also means "word" in Greek, so it
involves the act of speaking, or setting forth an idea in a clear manner (Palmer, 2). Consequently, the
word "Logos" signifies an irrefutable style of thinking about the world and provides an explanation
of them with a clarified effort of thought and theory. Philosophy derives from two separate words
combined. "Philo" which equals love, and "Sophia" which equals wisdom. Philosophy means the
love of wisdom, or philosophers meaning lovers of wisdom. The definition of the word value as a
mass noun, is the regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulness of
something. The definition as a verb is to consider (someone or something) to be important or
beneficial; have a high opinion of. The definition of the word values are principals or standards of
behaviour; ones judgment of what is important in life. (English Oxford 1–4) What makes
philosophy so fascinating, is that we half–know everything. There is no person who has lived or
who lives in the world that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And this is ultimately the greatest value that philosophy has to offer. The question "What is the
value of philosophy?" is itself deeply philosophical. Historically, a number of different philosophers
have attempted to answer the question we're asking. Many of them argue that philosophy's value
comes from its unique methods and objectives. Socrates famously said, "The unexamined life is not
worth living" (Apology,

Chapter One: A Brief Look Into Stoicism
Chapter One – Introduction to Stoicism
A Brief Look into Stoicism
An early Greek philosopher known as Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early third century BC
founded stoicism, which is school of Hellenistic philosophy. Other forms of Hellenistic philosophy
include Pythagoreanism, Sophism, Cynicism, Cyrenaicism, Platonism, Peripateticism, Pyrrhonism,
Epicureanism, Eclecticism, Hellenistic Judaism, Neopythagoreanism, Hellenistic Christianity and
Neoplatonism. What separates stoicism and makes it a distinctive form of Western Philosophy is the
understanding of cosmic determinism and human freedom and their continual and symbiotic
relationship. The main tenant is that one's free will should be one with the will of nature and this
makes one happy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Virtue in this case would also mean one would need to be free of anger, grief, and jealousy and
would treat all men, including slaves (in early Greece) as equal because if everything is an aspect of
Nature then all men are products of that very nature. Moreover, Stoicisim advocates a deterministic
worldview – in other words, there is no other way but one certain cause, in general terms, that leads
to an effect. This is the simplest definition of determinism, although there are varieties of this logic.
In the context of Stoicism, however, it refers to the power of leading a virtuous life, as opposed to
one filled with vice, in which case leads to disaster.
A virtuous Stoic would be one who faces everything yet remains internally happy. According to
Epictetus, a true Stoic would bring their free will to adapt to that of the natural will and would
remain, "sick and yet happy, in peril and yet happy, dying and yet happy, in exile and happy, in
disgrace and happy." In this regard, Stoicism says that yes, the world is certainly deterministic, but it
still considers free will as valid and thus in order to be virtuous and a sage, one must mend one's free
will to the deterministic

Religion In The Crucible
The idea of religion has been around for millennials. It has shaped the way humans think and feel in
their society. All have different ways of practicing and expressing their religion. This can be seen in
the three time periods of Puritans, Deists, and Transcendentalists. Puritans focused on their religion
by being heavily involved in the church. Deist focused on their religion by looking for proof of God
in nature by using logic and reason. Transcendentalist believed that nature was their church and that
they could be truly connected with themselves and God while immersed in nature. Throughout the
major literary philosophies in the United States, one can see how the ways of connecting with God
have developed from revolving around the church ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nature, an essay written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, is about his views on Transcendental life.
Emerson is explaining that every living thing is the same because in the end everybody will go to
the oversoul. He explains a time when he was "on the same level" with a vegetable. He describes
how the experience made him feel and said that "Yet it is certain that the power to produce this
delight, does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both". (Emerson 242). Emerson's
words reflect back to Transcendentalist views of spirituality by describing the amount of happiness
that can result from being one with nature on a spiritual level rather than being in church trying to
connect with God. Emerson describes how he feels when he is in nature and how he feels spiritually
connected with himself and God. He says that "standing on the bare ground...I am nothing. I see all.
The currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God." (Emerson
242). He notices that he becomes one with the oversoul. Through nature he becomes one with
himself and God. He can feel the energy of the universe within him. Unlike Puritans,
Transcendentalists believed God was found through nature but unlike Deists, Transcendentalist were
not as heavily involved with using logic and reason to find proof of God. Evidence shows that
Transcendentalist used nature to connect spiritually with

Nature And Nurture Debate Essay

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