What are lymphoid nodules and where are they located What functions.pdf

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What are lymphoid nodules and where are they located? What functions are served by these? (1 paragraph) Solution These are small localised ovoid or kidney shaped organs containing collection of lymphoid tissue. They are generally located in the loose connective tissue under wet epithelial membranes eg-digestive system, respiratory system etc. They are located in the walls of alimentary canal (tonsils, appendix and caecum, Peyer\'s patches), genitourinary passages, respiratory tract and also in other parts of the body. Peyer\'s patches are permanently localized lymphoid tissue in the sub mucosa of ileum. To defend nasal and oral cavities in the body lymphatic nodules are grouped together forming tonsils which are of three pairs viz. Palatine, Lingual and Pharyngeal. They help in the proper functioning of the immune system. They act as a filter for foreign particles and cancer cells. They guard the body and respond to entry of infectious organisms and toxins. Lymphoid nodules are the sites of proliferation/activation of lymphocytes (B cells). It occurs in the germinal centre..

What are lymphoid nodules and where are they located? What functions are served by these? (1
paragraph)
Solution
These are small localised ovoid or kidney shaped organs containing collection of lymphoid
tissue. They are generally located in the loose connective tissue under wet epithelial membranes
eg-digestive system, respiratory system etc. They are located in the walls of alimentary canal
(tonsils, appendix and caecum, Peyer's patches), genitourinary passages, respiratory tract and
also in other parts of the body. Peyer's patches are permanently localized lymphoid tissue in the
sub mucosa of ileum. To defend nasal and oral cavities in the body lymphatic nodules are
grouped together forming tonsils which are of three pairs viz. Palatine, Lingual and Pharyngeal.
They help in the proper functioning of the immune system. They act as a filter for foreign
particles and cancer cells. They guard the body and respond to entry of infectious organisms and
toxins. Lymphoid nodules are the sites of proliferation/activation of lymphocytes (B cells). It
occurs in the germinal centre.

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what are the five major activities of an operating system in regard to file management? Solution Operating systems perform the vital function of being the bridge between a computer\'s hardware and software. They provide an environment where software can be written without the need to cater to the specifics of the underlying hardware, which was necessary in the earlier days of computing. There are several widely-used operating systems which differ from each other in many respects. However, they each perform a number of similar functions including executing basic instructions, either compiled or interpreted; and also managing processes, memory, input and output, storage, network operations, and file and folder/directory operations. There are five major file management functions that an operating system controls. CREATING AND DELETING FILES : File creation and deletion are fundamental to computer operations. In the former, data can\'t be stored in an efficient manner unless arranged in some form of file structure. In the latter, permanent storage would quickly fill up if files were not deleted and the space occupied by them reallocated to new files. CREATING AND DELETING DIRECTORIES: As a corollary to the need to store data in files, files themselves need to be arranged in directories or folders in order to allow their efficient storage and retrieval. This is particularly so in the case of personal computers where the user needs to navigate to one or more specific files to access them. Without some form of compartmentalization, this would prove an onerous if not impossible task. Much like file deletion, unnecessary directories or folders need to be removed in order to keep the system uncluttered. FILE MANIPULATION INSTRUCTIONS: Since operating systems allow application software to perform file manipulation using symbolic instructions, the operating system itself needs to have a machine-level instruction set in order to interface with the hardware directly. The application\'s symbolic instructions need to be translated into the machine-level instructions either by an interpreter or by compiling the application code. The operating system contains provisions to manage this machine-level file manipulation. BACKING UP FILES : Files represent a considerable investment in time, intellectual effort and often money as well, thus their loss can have a severe impact. Computer\'s permanent storage devices generally contain a number of mechanical devices which can fail, and the storage media itself may degrade. A function of operating systems is to obviate the risk of data loss by backing files up on additional secure and stable media in a redundant system. MAPPING TO PERMANENT STORAGE : Operating systems need to be able to map files and folders to their physical location on permanent storage in order to be able to store and retrieve them. This will be recorded in some form of disk directory which varies according to the file system or systems that the opera.

what are the five major activities of an operating system in regard .pdf

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amritashinfosalys

What are the key components of a typical centralized all-air HVAC system? Write the component name and their corresponding function/role. Based on the heat transfer media, HVAC systems can be classified into how many systems? Which system is the most popular system and why? Solution HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning. The key components and their functions are as follows: 1. Thermostat. - to keep the home at a desired temperature. When the ambient temperature becomes too cold or too hot, the thermostat will trigger the heat exchanger or the evaporator coil- condensing unit combo to begin circulating warmed or cooled air as needed. 2. Furnace. - to heat a supply of air which is to be distributed to various rooms of the building via the HVAC. This heating process is accomplished using one of four possible heat sources -- combustion (burning natural gas, oil, coal, or propane), electric resistance, heat pump, or solar energy collected on site. 3. Heat exchanger. - switches on when the furnace is activated by thermostat to produce warmer temperatures in winter. The heat exchanger pulls in cool air, heats it, and circulates the resulting heated air via your ducts and out through the vents. 4. Evaporator coil. - it acts to cool the air when the thermostat is set to lower temperatures in summer. which is then circulated through the ductwork. 5. Condensing unit. - When the refrigerant has been cooled to a liquid by heat exchange with the exterior air, the condensing unit pumps the liquid to the evaporator coil to be evaporated into a gas once more. 6. Refrigerant lines. The refrigerant lines carry a refrigerant substance to the condensing unit vaporized in the form of a gas, and return it to the evaporator coil in liquid form. 7. Ductwork. - system of ducts that transports air warmed or cooled by the system to the various areas of the building. 8. Vents. - transfer the heated or cooled air from the duct system into the individual rooms of the building..

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