How do humans localize sound In other words, how does someone with .pdf
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How do humans localize sound? In other words, how does someone with their eyes closed know where sound is coming from? Solution Localization of sound refers to the ability of a person to identify the location or the origin of sound, its direction and the approximate distance from which it is comming. In order to investigate this complex ability, mammalian auditory system has been studied in detail. Sound localization ability involves psychological and physiological acoustics as well as person\'s artificial intelligence. It includes the interpretation of cues from the environment regarding the information recognition, feeling of living in 3D environment, spectral information, sense of timing and correlation analysis. These cues also include changes which occur with direction of sound and the time its arrival at the ears. Cues of differences between the sound reception of two ears (binaural) and sensing pressure difference reception of the two ears, is also used as information. The sound travels between ears and eardrums are activated at its outer and inner surface. This helps the animal locate the source of the sound. The ear which faces closer to the sound source vibrates with a larger amplitude, compared to the eardrum facing away. Humans have very good ability to determine the source of sounds and they use the \'pressure reception\' as a major cue. The resonance effect in external auditory canal causes the sound signal amplification. In humans, only the outer surface of the ear is exposed to sound. Eustachian tube equalizes the pressure, and does not allow the sound to enter the middle ear. Hence the outer ear serves dual function of localizing the source of sound and amplifying the acoustic signals. Inner ear is protected by middle ear. Cochlea, which is the main part of the inner ear convert the acoustic signals to nerve stimulation..
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vehicles and another thread should simulate westbound vehicles. The vehicles do not have a
reverse gear, so the bridge would become deadlocked if both an eastbound vehicle and a
westbound vehicle were allowed to drive onto the bridge at the same time. Therefore, mutual
exclusion must be enforced. Your solution should avoid both deadlock and starvation (e.g. the
bridge being monopolized by westbound vehicles while the eastbound vehicles never get to
cross). Vehicles traveling in either direction should wait (sleep) for some amount of time, then
attempt to cross. Once a vehicle is on the bridge, it should sleep for some amount of time to
simulate how long it takes to drive across the bridge. Output a message when each vehicle drives
onto the bridge and another message when that vehicle has completed the crossing. Simulate
several vehicles traveling in each direction.
Solution
public class baboon{
public static boolean eastLock = false;
public static boolean westLock = false;
public static int onBranch = 0;
public static void main(String [] args)
{
BaboonEast bEast = new BaboonEast();
BaboonWest bWest = new BaboonWest();
for (int i=1; i<=10; i++)
{
new Thread(bEast, \"E: \"+i).start();
new Thread(bWest, \"W: \"+i).start();
//bEast.start();
}//for
}//main
}//class
class BaboonEast extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
while (baboon.westLock == true)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + \"
waiting\");
try
{
sleep(50);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {}
}//while
//baboon.eastLock = true; //stops west baboons entering
baboon.onBranch ++;
baboon.westLock = true;
baboon.eastLock = true;
System.out.println(\"Baboon \" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + \" is
entering\");
try
{
sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {}
baboon.onBranch --;
System.out.println (\"Baboon \" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + \"
has crossed\");
if (baboon.onBranch <= 0)
{
baboon.eastLock = false;
baboon.westLock = false;
}
//System.out.println(baboon.onBranch);
}//run
}//class
class BaboonWest extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
while (baboon.eastLock == true)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + \"
waiting\");
try
{
sleep(50);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {}
}//while
baboon.westLock = true; //stops east baboons entering
baboon.onBranch ++;
System.out.println(\"Baboon \" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + \" is
entering\");
baboon.westLock = true;
baboon.eastLock = true;
try
{
sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {}
baboon.onBranch --;
System.out.println (\"Baboon \" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + \"
has crossed\");
if (baboon.onBranch <= 0)
{
baboon.westLock = false;
baboon.eastLock = false;
}
//System.out.println(baboon.onBranch);
}//run
}//class.
African and white abolitionist often did not get along whySoluti.pdf
African and white abolitionist often did not get along why?
Solution
Black and white abolitionists have worked together, but by the 1840s there was a notable
difference in their philosophy and method. Mainly because the white abolitionists focused on
slavery, but the black Americans tended to couple anti-slavery activities with demands for racial
equality and justice..
What unique properties of the genome do forensic scientists use to g.pdf
What unique properties of the genome do forensic scientists use to generate a DNA footprint and
this footprint enough to identify a specific (one) suspect?
Solution
only one tenth of a single percent of DNA differs from one person to another, forensic scientist
use these variable regions to generate a DNA profile of an individual using samples from blood ,
hair ,etc.
scientist find markers in a DNA sample by designing a small pieces of DNA(probes) that will
bind to a complementary DNA sequence in the sample.A series of probes bound to a DNA
sample creates a distinctive pattern for individual.scientist compare these DNA profile to
determine whether the suspect\'s sample matches the evidence sample.if they don\'t match the
person don\'t contribute to the crime scene.If it match it means the suspect may have contributes
to the evidence sample.
There are variable number of tendom repeats which are used to identify the suspects, which vary
in each person.
RFLP(restriction fragment length polymorphism ) is a technique used in this concern as it
analyze variable length of DNA fragments that results from digesting a DNA sample with a
special kind of enzyme.
various other techniques are also there as- PCR,STAR analysis.
what are the five major activities of an operating system in regard .pdf
what are the five major activities of an operating system in regard to file management?
Solution
Operating systems perform the vital function of being the bridge between a computer\'s hardware
and software. They provide an environment where software can be written without the need to
cater to the specifics of the underlying hardware, which was necessary in the earlier days of
computing. There are several widely-used operating systems which differ from each other in
many respects. However, they each perform a number of similar functions including executing
basic instructions, either compiled or interpreted; and also managing processes, memory, input
and output, storage, network operations, and file and folder/directory operations.
There are five major file management functions that an operating system controls.
CREATING AND DELETING FILES :
File creation and deletion are fundamental to computer operations. In the former, data can\'t be
stored in an efficient manner unless arranged in some form of file structure. In the latter,
permanent storage would quickly fill up if files were not deleted and the space occupied by them
reallocated to new files.
CREATING AND DELETING DIRECTORIES:
As a corollary to the need to store data in files, files themselves need to be arranged in directories
or folders in order to allow their efficient storage and retrieval. This is particularly so in the case
of personal computers where the user needs to navigate to one or more specific files to access
them. Without some form of compartmentalization, this would prove an onerous if not
impossible task. Much like file deletion, unnecessary directories or folders need to be removed in
order to keep the system uncluttered.
FILE MANIPULATION INSTRUCTIONS:
Since operating systems allow application software to perform file manipulation using symbolic
instructions, the operating system itself needs to have a machine-level instruction set in order to
interface with the hardware directly. The application\'s symbolic instructions need to be
translated into the machine-level instructions either by an interpreter or by compiling the
application code. The operating system contains provisions to manage this machine-level file
manipulation.
BACKING UP FILES :
Files represent a considerable investment in time, intellectual effort and often money as well,
thus their loss can have a severe impact. Computer\'s permanent storage devices generally
contain a number of mechanical devices which can fail, and the storage media itself may
degrade. A function of operating systems is to obviate the risk of data loss by backing files up on
additional secure and stable media in a redundant system.
MAPPING TO PERMANENT STORAGE :
Operating systems need to be able to map files and folders to their physical location on
permanent storage in order to be able to store and retrieve them. This will be recorded in some
form of disk directory which varies according to the file system or systems that the opera.
What are the key components of a typical centralized all-air HVAC sys.pdf
What are the key components of a typical centralized all-air HVAC system? Write the
component name and their corresponding function/role. Based on the heat transfer media,
HVAC systems can be classified into how many systems? Which system is the most popular
system and why?
Solution
HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning.
The key components and their functions are as follows:
1. Thermostat. - to keep the home at a desired temperature. When the ambient temperature
becomes too cold or too hot, the thermostat will trigger the heat exchanger or the evaporator coil-
condensing unit combo to begin circulating warmed or cooled air as needed.
2. Furnace. - to heat a supply of air which is to be distributed to various rooms of the building via
the HVAC. This heating process is accomplished using one of four possible heat sources --
combustion (burning natural gas, oil, coal, or propane), electric resistance, heat pump, or solar
energy collected on site.
3. Heat exchanger. - switches on when the furnace is activated by thermostat to produce warmer
temperatures in winter. The heat exchanger pulls in cool air, heats it, and circulates the resulting
heated air via your ducts and out through the vents.
4. Evaporator coil. - it acts to cool the air when the thermostat is set to lower temperatures in
summer. which is then circulated through the ductwork.
5. Condensing unit. - When the refrigerant has been cooled to a liquid by heat exchange with the
exterior air, the condensing unit pumps the liquid to the evaporator coil to be evaporated into a
gas once more.
6. Refrigerant lines. The refrigerant lines carry a refrigerant substance to the condensing unit
vaporized in the form of a gas, and return it to the evaporator coil in liquid form.
7. Ductwork. - system of ducts that transports air warmed or cooled by the system to the various
areas of the building.
8. Vents. - transfer the heated or cooled air from the duct system into the individual rooms of the
building..
What are lymphoid nodules and where are they located What functions.pdf
What are lymphoid nodules and where are they located? What functions are served by these? (1
paragraph)
Solution
These are small localised ovoid or kidney shaped organs containing collection of lymphoid
tissue. They are generally located in the loose connective tissue under wet epithelial membranes
eg-digestive system, respiratory system etc. They are located in the walls of alimentary canal
(tonsils, appendix and caecum, Peyer\'s patches), genitourinary passages, respiratory tract and
also in other parts of the body. Peyer\'s patches are permanently localized lymphoid tissue in the
sub mucosa of ileum. To defend nasal and oral cavities in the body lymphatic nodules are
grouped together forming tonsils which are of three pairs viz. Palatine, Lingual and Pharyngeal.
They help in the proper functioning of the immune system. They act as a filter for foreign
particles and cancer cells. They guard the body and respond to entry of infectious organisms and
toxins. Lymphoid nodules are the sites of proliferation/activation of lymphocytes (B cells). It
occurs in the germinal centre..
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