ROMAN COPIES OF GREEK ORIGINALS Essay

ROMAN COPIES OF GREEK ORIGINALS Essay
The construct of the 'Roman copy' in art history has deeply rooted and extensive origins. Whilst this
prejudiced was attached to Roman sculpture from an extremely early time in modern archaeology
and art history, the construct viewed in a current context reveals issues with both its development
and contribution to historical understanding and education. The construct is formed upon several
main factors that have recently been called into question by revisionist historians. Firstly, the
development of the construct by conservative historians during the 18th century, a context that
valued artistic originality and authenticity, lead to it's popularisation and circulation as a respected
model. Secondly, the construct rests entirely on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The import of these historians in the cannot be understated, as expressed by Tanner, "The practice of
classical art history ... was largely modelled on German exemplars, giving rise to broadly similar
styles of scholarship ... through a process of competitive emulation." Throughout Winckelmann's
influential work, Greek artistic superiority is clearly established, "The only way to become great, or,
if this be possible, inimitable, is to imitate the Greeks." Views towards both Greek and Roman art
have since been influenced by this inherent and negative bias towards Roman sculpture, even
allowing for the traditional art–historical taxonomy of Roman sculpture to include in it the category
of 'copies'. Through the writings of Moon, it is clear that the perception is still apparent, "our
handbooks are littered with scholarly distaste at having to work from such inadequate and second–
rate reproductions [as Roman sculpture]".
In retrospect, many of the conclusions drawn by the contemporary historians on the matter of Greek
artistic superiority have been either realised to be incorrect or simply based on contextual prejudice
and bias by current revisionist historians. In his writings of the 18th century, J. J. Winckelmann
argued strongly to establish the Classical Greek style as the formal standard for modern–day
European art. This argument was based on the notion that all art subsequent to the period of
Alexander the Great was merely a degraded form of
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African Art Essay
African Art African Art does not have specific date to which it evolved because most early African
Art was carved in wood, which perished quickly. This is why most art dates from the 19th and early
20th century. Many 20th century artists admired and collected pieces of African Art. They enjoyed
the bold color, expression, and form that produced a new beginning in art history. African Art was
mostly dedicated to life affirming activities such as healing, pleasure, protection, and
transformation. The first African Art that made a sustained impact on Europe occurred with the
bronze casing and ivory seized in 1897 by the British Royal Army. It was then that African Art
began to become in demand, and seen by all areas of the world. ... Show more content on
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African masks were to establish a different identity for the wearer in order to amuse, teach, or
sacrifice. A great example of an African mask is Bayaka Mask. This mask is used for a form of rite.
When a boy reaches puberty he is circumcised. After this is done, the boy is removed from the
village for one year of seclusion from women. During this time, the boy is taught to hunt and protect
by fellow men from the village. To end the one year confinement, a ceremony is held when the boy
and his teachers return in the Bayaka Masks. Sculptures are another form of African Art that is very
important to its history. Sculptures came in a variety of shapes and sizes. They were often made of
wood, metal, cloth, or clay. These sculptures served as personal protection figures, symbols for
supernatural powers, and representation of ancestors. Most sculptures were made to represent the
human body, but some cultures never carve human faces so it resembled any individual in fear of
accusations of witch craft. A great example of one such sculpture is Cango and Zaire. This sculpture
is of a women breast feeding her child. The face of the two people is elongated, as well as the
breasts of the mother. This is common to all African Art because they wanted representation of what
is being expressed. In this particular sculpture, a supernatural power is being called upon. The
power has been asked to protect the mother and child, and to

Statues and Sculpture: An Art Form that Depicts Human History
Art Stands Tall for Human Values In 2008 a group of archaeologist unearthed what could now be
the world's oldest statue. This larger than life statuette stands at whopping 2 ½ inches tall with an
estimated carving date from 35,000 to 40,000 years ago from a mammoth tusk. The form of the
statuette is that of female figure missing her head and feet with a primary focus on reproductive
organs. Due to the pornographic nature of the statue archaeologist believe that the statue's purpose
and function is to represent longevity and fertility. No matter if you believe man crawled from
primordial ooze or if a being of higher authority created man, humans have continued to express
emotion, experiences and values through the artistic expression ... Show more content on
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Starting in 1870, artist August Bartholdi made a trip to the United States to search out a place to
erect the statue and begin the initial design. The form of the statue is actually created from two
separate forms. The first form used to create the statue is that of a neoclassical sculpture of the
Roman goddess Libertas who represented freedom and democracy. The second form used in the
statue is that of the fictional female character, Columbia who many at the time believe carried the
embodiment of America. The main function of the statue is to represent individual liberty and
freedom from slavery. Liberty has always been a highly held value in the United States so it would
be important that the function of this statue represented that value. The statue's function of freedom
and liberty is carried throughout the sculpture. You will find the date of the independence placed
upon the tablet she carries. At her feet lay broken shackles from slavery. Upon her crown are seven
rays that represent freedom to all the seven continent's citizens who come to this country seeking
freedom. Her right arm is raised in the air above her head carrying a torch that light's the way to that
freedom. Her outer skin is covered in thin copper sheets that over time patina giving the statue her
green hue. Some may not know as well that the statue's internal structure is just as famous as her
outer appearance. The

Scupltors In The Renaissance Art
The Renaissance tried to recapture more than beauty. It tried to reproduce the truth. And that is a
theme that runs throughout the development of sciences, philosophies, arts, music and more,
throughout this revolutionary period of human history. But if we take a closer look at some of the
sculptures from the Renaissance era we see, still, even more than an attempt to bring reality into art,
but to bring history to life somehow–through art. Thus we see a number of scupltors in the
Renaissance strove to recapture the feeling and beauty of Greek and Roman sculptures, as well as
the histories behind the characters those sculptures depict. Indeed there are certainly a number of
sculptures made simply in honor of these lost cultures. But if we look closely and try to compare a
random few of these Renaissance sculptures, we find there is a ... Show more content on
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There are four sculptures we will analyze in this research paper. All of them try to capture, in some
way or another, both a realistic image of the human body as well as mimic a Greco–Roman
approach to sculpture. In order of discussion, those sculptures are "Hercules and the Centaur Nessus
(1599)" by Giovanni da Bologna, "The Fountain of Neptune by Bartolomeo Ammannati (1563)" and
Benvenuto Cellini's "Bust of Duke Cosimo I (1545). Last but not least would be"The Medici
Chappel Statues (1520–1534)," by Michaelangelo. But before looking at

Essay On The American Museum Of Natural History
Museum visitors often admire objects from the past and embrace the artwork without a proper
understanding of the imagery. Viewers react to what they are looking at, comprehend the work
through their own experiences and judge it based on their personal insight of success or failure. The
appreciation of artwork at the American Museum of Natural History, located in New York City has
educated viewers with knowledgeable information on objects from thousands of different artists.
The fossil of a "Tyrannosaurus Rex" and the "Roosevelt Sculpture" are two objects commonly said
to be the most viewed pieces of artwork at the museum. The virtual tour presented generous
information about the history of the objects as well as knowledgeable facts about the artists and
founders. The massive dinosaur to ever exist is mounted in the exhibit hall: Hall of Saurischian
Dinosaurs in a stalking position. The Tyrannosaurus Rex is arguably the most popular and media
exposed dinosaur. The predatory dinosaur is described to have short arms, two fingers, mouth full of
teeth, strong thighs and a powerful tail. The exhibit found in the ... Show more content on
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The two pieces of art are original and have detailed work that demonstrates the cultural and the art
history of the separate pieces. Many visitors notice the museum's contribution to two major subjects
in history. The American Museum of Natural History is located in New York City and is one of the
largest museums in the world. The museum was founded in 1869 and is still known to be one of the
most popular and favorable museums throughout the United States. The objects that are displayed
throughout the museum are displayed with many facts based on history. "Art appreciation does not
require knowledge of the historical context of an artwork (or a building). Art history does."
(Gardner's Art Through the Ages,

Comparing Menkaure And Queen Sculpture
1. The Menkaure and a Queen sculpture is 142.3 cm tall. It was from Giza but is located in the
Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The medium used is graywacke with traces of red and black paint.
The Metropolitan Kouros sculpture is 6 feet 1 .95 m tall. It was found in Attica Greece but located
in New York in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The medium used is marble.
2. The Menkaure and a queen sculpture is standing against a wall or post. Its sculpted on black
stone. The king is standing stiffly and expressionless with his wife holding him while walks
forward. The king and queen step with their left foot forward. His hands are clenched and is wearing
only a skirt. He also wears a hat. The sculpture seems smooth. The Metropolitan Kouros sculpture is
free standing and is made of a beige colored stone. He is naked with his left foot forward as well.
Kouros muscles and body parts are detailed in the sculpture. His hands are clenched and he is
emotionless. His hair looks like dread locks.
3. The fisrt difference you see in the sculpture is that Menkuare and a Queen is in black. Menkuare
looks like an Egyptian sculpture and you can tell by the way they are dressed. It is about four feet
and six inches tall. The king hides his hair with a hat. He is wearing clothing and has his queen
beside him. Metropolitan Kouros is in beige and looks like ... Show more content on
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I see power and strength coming from the Menkaure and a Queen sculpture. It looks like he is ready
to take charge. The pose that he gives shoes leader ship and assertiveness. The way he put his left
foot in front shows power. The way he has his arms and hands places shows that he doesn't back
down and is in charge. It follows follows what a traditional king is considered as which is athletic
and youthful. The Kouros gives the sense of athletic, youth and nudity was allowed and accepted
but only for men. The Kouros was seen as gods and warriors. The young males were thought to be
fertile so this work could have symbolized

Research Paper On Michelangelo Buonarroti
In this essay I be discussing subtractive sculpture which one of the many types of art sculpture and
an artist that truly captured and encompass this type of art work. Subtractive sculpture is the art
works of carving. Usually this works begins with a large block of wood or stone and the artist cuts
away the unwanted material. Stone carving was originated near the Mediterranean around the 13th
century and one of the greatest subtractive artists is Michelangelo Buonarroti, born March 6, 1475
in Caprese, Tuscany. Michelangelo known for his art painting as well. One of Michelangelo's
greatest sculptures is the Pietà, noted to be one of the art history greatest sculpture.
Pietà caved in Rome between 1498–1499, the sculpture created by the young Michelangelo who
was only 25–years–old at the construction of this piece. Viewers would ... Show more content on
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Which ties into the principle of composition of the sculpture, Mary's body is greater than that of
Jesus, yet it looks natural. The proportion of the work gives it mass and draws the viewer into every
inch of the sculptor. Your eyes follow the face of Mary to her drapery as it cradled Jesus body. Her
face looks youthful; stated that her youthfulness attest to her "purity" which the artist portrays in the
sculptor. Her face not depicted in a grief stricken state, however; it portrays "resignation" has to say
she knew and was acceptable of her son's death. The way that Mary is holding Jesus' lifeless body is
the way a mother holds her baby for the very first time. The face of Jesus in this sculpture does not
show signs of suffering. One could say that it was the Michelangelo's intention to create an image
that showed a face of serene and abandonment in Jesus. The sculpture shows the greatest sacrifice
for mankind and the ultimate expression of eternal love. The focal point of the sculptor is Mary's
face; which shows love for her son and blessed by God to have Jesus as her

Humanities Human Figure in Art Work Essay
Humanism vs. Realism with Focus of Human Figure Artwork
Middle Eastern, Egyptian and Greek Civilizations
Throughout history the human figure has been demonstrated in Middle Eastern, Egyptian and Greek
sculptures and paintings. Most of these artifacts tend to focus more on humanism than realism due
to Rulers and Gods, geographical areas, resources and events thus, giving them the idea for the
theme of the art they create. These are the reasons that might explain their commonalities or
differences in the representation of the human figure.
For example, during one of our earliest cultures, the Paleolithic period, the Women of Willendorf
sculpture portrays a grossly heavy female figure representing fertility and beauty of being ... Show
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A perfect example of this type of sculpture was the Human–Headed winged Lion called the Gate
Monster which was made out of limestone, 10 feet, 2.5 inches high, a human head , five legs and
body of a winged lion (Benton & DiYanni , p.13) . In comparison, of the Great Sphinx, Giza,
this also has a human head and animal body therefore this doesn't represent realism either. In
contrast, the ("human head represents a ruler, a Pharaoh out of sandstone and it was enormous 65
feet in height").
In Persia, the Tribute Bearers Bringing Offerings relief sculpture, the human male figures look all
alike except for their heights, head coverings and items they have brought, however their stance is
not natural. In comparison, the Egyptian sculpture of Pharaoh Mycerinus and Queen Khamerernebty
and the Greece sculpture Kouros, both statues pose with one leg forward and their weight is equal
on both, therefore giving them the appearance that they can't move (Benton & DiYanni , p. 64).
More comparisons also include the Tribute Bearers Bringing Offerings relief sculpture, their faces
are not straight forward, just showing profiles much like the Egyptian wall
2
paintings Nobleman Hunting in the Marshes and Ti Watching a Hippopotamus. All of these art
forms are labeled under humanism. In contrast, is the Musicians and and Dancers Egyptian wall
painting where there are two women facing forward as well as

Fungus Of The Spouses Analysis
Many works of art such as paintings, sculptures, and architecture show a different subject matter.
When looking at a piece of artwork, we might find a piece of artwork to be eye catching and
interesting to us. There are times when we can understand a piece of artwork and there are times
when it can be misunderstood, if you don't understand the meaning behind it, especially if the
artwork is not a common thing that we are use to seeing. There are different cultures that express
themselves differently when it comes to artwork. Some might make artwork of the living and others
might make artwork of the dead. Paying close attention to smaller details of the artwork can give the
viewer a better understanding of the overall artwork that was created. There is always some type of
history behind a painting, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They had also valued family, which was very important in the art and society of their culture. The
Sarcophagus of the Spouses was a sculpture made out of clay where ashes of the deceased were
stored in. Unlike the Neolithic culture keeping their deceased ancestors underneath the floor, the
Etruscans built tombs as a house for the dead to store the cinerary urns in. This sculpture depicts the
couple dining on a couch. During this time men and women were considered as equal unlike other
cultures who weren't. Also, by having the woman included in the sculpture symbolize the equality of
both genders and how there were woman of power. As for the memory of the deceased, the
sculptures were shaped as if the couple was alive by not showing a skeletal structure of them. Even
the color choices gave life to the sculpture, which showed different skin tones and different colors to
identify the gender. Also, light became an important part of keeping the sculpture alive by having
the light flicker on when a family member walks in to dismiss the fact that their love ones aren't
alive

The Burghers Of Fire By Auguste Rodin
I have chosen "The Burghers of Calais" by Auguste Rodin for interpretation. It is an in the round
sculpture, meaning that it is meant to be viewed from all sides, and is made from bronze by the
casting process. This sculpture was made to commemorate the city councilmen (also called
Burghers) that offered up their own lives in place of the citizenry to appease the English king during
the Hundred Years War. Their lives, and the lives of the citizens, were eventually spared. This
sculpture represents heroism. It is not the normal kind of heroism, which usually tells of valiant
conquests or dangerous adventures. It is instead the heroism of knowingly making the ultimate
sacrifice for others; of being willing to give up all in order to secure the

The Parthenon Sculptures Should Be Returned to Greece
The Greeks finished building an exquisite temple to their beloved goddess, Athena in the year 432
BCE. (Sayre 60). The name of this enriched, unique temple was the Parthenon. The Parthenon took
the Greeks approximately fifteen years to complete and as Pericles stated, it was built to give
gratitude to their goddess Athena for the salvation of their city, Athens and all of Greece in the
Persian Wars (Sayre 60). It was also a symbol of their power and superiority among other cultures.
It was something the Greeks took great pride in and recognized it to a great extent. The Parthenon
was built on the highest point of the city of Athens to look over the precious Greek city. On the
exterior walls of the Parthenon there was beautiful artwork that ... Show more content on
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Therefore, I strongly believe that these exquisite sculptures need to return to where they were
originally built, in Greece. As I mentioned, this is an extremely controversial topic that has raised a
lot of difference in opinions. Furthermore, I must admit that those arguing for the sculptures to
remain in Britain do make some interesting points that plenty of people have taken into
consideration. One of their arguments is that the sculptures were already in a damaged and fragile
condition, and leaving them in Greece would have destroyed them completely ('The Parthenon
Marbles: Refuting the Arguments", par 6). In the YouTube video, "Parthenon Marbles Debate ", one
of Tristam Hunt's arguments is if the Greeks are able to acquire their historic artwork, this may
cause other countries to demand their historic artifacts as well, not just from the British Museum,
but from museums all over the world as well. I can see the counter arguments that this controversy
issue involves. However, regardless of whether they were in a horrible condition, the Greeks were
never consulted, nor did they have a say regarding the selling of this artwork to Elgin. Now, when it
comes to everyone claiming and demanding they receive their ancient artwork, like historian Hunt
said; this is true. It can happen, but I don't believe that any other artifacts have the amount of
significance that these sculptures do. The Greeks worked their hearts

Augustus Of Primaporta
The "human form" has changed through art over long periods of time and how each civilization uses
their own style to create these pieces is how art gets its depth. I'm going to be talking about one of
each sculpture from every major period and explain how each one has its own flavor and own
unique style. I will be talking about the Prehistoric period, Egyptian style, Greek style and Roman
styles. I also have a list of vocabulary words i will be pointing out in bold to explain how these are
used in sculptures.
To start at the beginning or the Canon of these works of art would be to go to the Prehistoric times.
To give some background about this time, the prehistoric period was art found when people were
still living in caves and just starting the first civilization of humans. According to Smarthistory.org
the oldest collection of ornamentation was found in Africa and being over 82,000 years old. The
sculpture I'm going to be talking about from this period is the sculpture called "Lion–Human". The
Lion Human to me looks like a tall older man with the characteristics of a lion with a long mane
with a long pointed nose. The artist used expressionism to show that the man had the qualities of a
man but also had the inner workings of a lion. It was probably how he ... Show more content on
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The sculpture was found in the first 1st century in Rome. The statue shows Augusts standing in his
armor in a pose to show that he is important. According to the video on smarthistory.org it says that
he stood there for the sculpture to create a masterpiece of a portrait type work for him. The
Contrapposto of the sculpture makes the body look even and realistic. The sculpture is very lifelike
and looks like he could come alive and move around. There looks like there is a cupid riding a
dolphin at his legs and the editor of smarthistory.org states that the dolphin became a symbol of
Augustus big victory over Mark Antony and

The Figures Of The Human Figure In Hellenistic Art
The human figure is something that artists have portrayed in sculpture for thousands of years. Each
culture and time period had different reasons behind the way they chose to depict humans. In
ancient Egypt, pharaohs were shown as idealized and emotionless, like gods. Yet in Hellenistic art,
people were depicted in dramatic scenes that showed them as very human and emotional. The way
humans have been depicted through sculpture and the reasons behind these canons have evolved and
changed over time.
The earliest examples of the human form in sculpture can be found in the paleolithic era. While in
the Paleolithic era humans were rarely depicted in paintings, they were commonly depicted through
sculpture in small figurines. The majority of these figures were female, with very few males, and
over two–hundred have been classified as "Venus figurines." These figures were almost always
made with exaggerated breasts, stomach, and hips, which is unlikely to be how women looked
during this time. The proportions were symbolic and not meant to represent a real woman. This is
shown in the piece "Venus of Willendorf," a Paleolithic era sculpture. This figure is fairly small at
only four inches high, and it is unable to stand up on its own (see fig. 1). Like most sculptures
around this time period, it was made to be easily carried as the paleolithic people were nomadic
(Zygmont). Oddly, she has no carving on her face to indicate her facial features, such as eyes, a
nose, or a mouth, while

Similarities Between Egypt And Greek Art
Over the years of art history, there are many great empires that we think of and two of those were
ancient Greek and Egyptian. When talking about Greek and Egyptian art history, it is the sculptures
that come to mind when you are comparing and contrasting artworks. Egyptian art and Greek art
both had mesmerizing sculptures but Egyptian art was more oriented towards religion and Greek art
was more focused on philosophy. The Egyptian statue of the Menkaure and a Queen was similar to
the Greek statue of Metropolitan Kouros in their posture but both of these statues also had many
differences. Menkaure and a queen statue was created from an unusual stone and the statue was
discovered in Menkaure's valley temple. The sculpture has a hard texture and because of the time–
consuming task of polishing this sculpture was never completely polished. So, the sculpture is
greywacke and has traces of red paint on king's face, ears and neck because male figures were
traditionally painted red and there are traces of black in queen's hair. The sculpture itself is 54 ½
inches in height and is displayed in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Metropolitan Kouros was
created from marble which seems like it has a rough and hard texture. The statue is 6 feet in height
and is displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
During early dynasty Egypt period, Egypt's kings were reverted as gods in human form. So,
Egyptian sculptor created statues of their kings and queens. After creating the statue

The Temple Of Artemis At Ephesus
THE TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AT EPHESUS
Molli Layton
Art History 201
Dr. James Swenson
June 2, 2017
The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus is a complex building with a complex history. Located in East
Greece, the building underwent many changes, as did the surrounding Greek society. This paper will
discuss the history, architecture, historical context, and sculptures of the temple. An analysis of it's
evolution will also be provided.
The temple was built in mid sixth century BCE. The exact date of construction is unknown.
However, a date of around 525 BCE has been suggested based on the column reliefs found. They
are comparable to the frieze of the Siphnian Treasury building. Sculptures have also been found that
were of the style ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The new temple had the same general layout, but the columns were now higher and thicker, with
enlarged bases. It became known as one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. The temple
experienced further devastation in 263 AD when a group of Ostrogoths attacked it, destroying it
almost completely. This time, the temple was not rebuilt. Later, some of the columns were reused in
the building of a palace at Constantinople and other buildings of later centuries. Very little remains
on the temple site today (fig. 2). It has been suggested by John Wood that a church may have been
built after the temple was destroyed, based on dotted lines found in the natural soil, indicating
support walls of a church. No other evidence exists to support this claim. What we do have,
however, is many archaic fragments of sculpture and architecture obtained from the site through
careful excavation. Every significant fragment that was found on the site of the temple has been
transported to the British Museum. A single column still remains on the site of the temple in
Ephesus, which was built in modern times for remembrance. Because of the discoveries of John
Wood, information about the architecture of the Temple of Artemis has become available. It was
constructed primarily of marble. The design was likely not of the typical rectangular proportions of
the time in Greece, but a combination of Near–Eastern design and Classic Greek. Both the earlier
and later temples had

Egyptian Art And Greek Art Research Paper
Egyptian Sculpture and Greek Sculpture
Egyptian and Greek civilization have a long and transcendent history and have contributed in
different fields of arts and sculpture. Egypt was one of the richest and earliest civilized lands during
ancient times. Similarly the history of Greece can be traced back to early Stone Age around 6000
B.C. Both Egyptian and Greek craftsmanship exhibited some of the most breathtaking aesthetic
accomplishments of early human civilization. The artistic sculptors in Greece and Egypt are iconic
and symbolic till these days. They have importance not only because they are magnificent, also
because they tell the history of human civilization. Egyptian art and Greek art can be distinguished
in many factors. The sculpture ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Egyptian statues are focused merely on religious aspects such as gods and pharaohs where as Greek
sculpture are mostly based on heroes and human philosophy. Many Egyptian statues are
symmetrical with no real expression but most of the Greek sculptures are not symmetrical and have
realistic facial expression. Since most of the Egyptian sculptures use ornamental stones and gold for
outer surface, they tend to last longer than Greek sculptures which are mostly made up of less
durable marbles and stones. The sizes of the Egyptian sculptures are usually massive whereas most
of the Greeks sculptures are stressed more into details than the magnitude of the sculpture. Nudity
was limited only to children and slaves in Egyptian sculpture but nudity in Greeks sculptures was
very common and favored. In conclusion, Egyptian sculpture had a very little influence on other
cultures whereas ancient Greek sculpture represents one of the most influential artistic movements
in the history of art and provided the foundation for Roman and other western

Greek Architecture Vs Peloponnesian War
During the Classical period, the Peloponnesian war brought a great change that transformed the city
of Athens into a reconstructed and wealthy city. However, when the Persian war is ended, a new
style of architecture and sculptures is created based on better techniques and different sculptures'
designs used as a representation of Greek history and epic mythology to open a new age of
improvements on the temple's elaboration.
As a result of the Peloponnesian war, Athens emerged as a powerful city from all Greece (81).
However, along with other polises, Athens fought as an alliance to defend the Peloponnesian
territory to be conquered by the Persians, in which resulted in their loss and the victory of Athens.
Once this occurred, Athens began to receive money to rebuild their city by ... Show more content on
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This architectural style that teaches the Greek Canon, is based on proportions, symmetries, and
measurements that incorporate the temple's construction measurements to make a more decorated
life–style designs (84). However, from this richly decorated reconstruction, the architecture depicts
stories of their mythology and their city's history as a representation of the victory against the
Persians in the Peloponnesian war. In addition, one of the most important thing that was structural
developed, is implemented by the optical illusion that recreated the Greeks (Cartwright). For
example, "The flat floor is not flat at all but convex, higher in the center than it is at the peripheral
of the temple" (Cartwright), which resulted in an advance during this time of period to replicate a
"perceptual distortions" and to make the lines different from the distance (84). These particularities
in the temple incorporates to "the building an air of richness and Greece" to glorify Athens and its
human achievements

How Did Donatello Influence The Italian Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance was a marvelous time period. During this time, many new artists emerged.
The Florentine sculptor named Donatello was a marvelous sculptor to walk planet earth. Through
the sculptural advancements in the use of human anatomy, Donatello created the sculptural
influence during the Renaissance. Many would say that Donatello was unquestionably one of the
key figures in Italian Renaissance history. Donatello significantly reinvented the meaning of
sculpture during his the Italian Renaissance. These influences were carried on through the
generations and are still seen in many sculptures created today. In lesser detail, the way Donatello
used human anatomy, perspective, and realism in his work was like no other at the time, Donatello
worked with a variety of materials, but Donatello's profound knowledge laid in the hands of bronze.
Some of Donatello's most notable pieces are called The Feast of Herod, Saint Mark, and ... Show
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Donatello created this time period of realistic and influenced other artists to try the Italian
Renaissance style (or his style), which many artists began to follow and eventually everyone veered
away from the Gothic style that was prevalent during the medieval ages. Donatello showed people
that paying attention to human realism and human anatomy when creating a sculptor is important
because it creates a fine aspect of the art. To this day, many people look up to Donatello's style of
techniques and use his techniques because Donatello's techniques were simply unheard of and so
new and original when Donatello began using the techniques. Donatello reflected the ideas of the
Italian Renaissance by showing people new art styles and ways that people fell in love with and
people began using it which helped create the Italian Renaissance art style of anatomy, realism, and

The Movie ' Hercules '
For decades the corporation, Disney, has made extraordinary films. Although, the history and
cultures involved in the movies aren't always depicted accurately. An example of this would be
comparing the depiction of ancient Greece in Disney's movie, Hercules.
"The Disney version is pretty much a superman story – a person is born with extraordinary talents
that isolate him, and he spends his life trying to fit in, only to find that he has done so incidentally."
(Disneyfied.)
This animated film was produced in 1997 and is now known as a Walt Disney Classic. "The son of
the Greek Gods Zeus and Hera is stripped of his mortality as an infant and must become a true hero
in order to reclaim it." (IMDb). This character is known as Hercules in Disney's film, although in
ancient Greece this historical hero is named Heracles. Heracles parents were actually Zeus and
Alcmene, which is Amphitryon's wife.
"She is therefore doomed to stay with Hades for half the year as punishment, but unsurprisingly
Disney dropped this side story altogether." (Disneyfied.) Zeus betrayed his wife by disguising
himself as Alcmene's husband retuning from war.
The interpretation of Hercules in Greek mythology is just one small inaccuracy of the movie. The
sculptures presented in Walt Disney's Hercules, are a great example of how accurate the film is
compared to ancient Greece by describing the similarities and differences of the art, as well as the
depiction of real art pieces shown in the movie. Although

Menkaura Queen Khamerernebty 2 Analysis
The sculpture of Menkaura and queen Khamerernebty 2nd, is a free standing, full body statue that
was discovered in Menkaura Valley Temple at Giza, Egypt and dates back to the 4 Dynasty (2490–
2472 BCE). Standing 1.39 metre tall and made from diorite ( an extremely hard stone closely related
to granite). Both Menkaura and Queen Khamerernebty 2nd standing along a vertical axis side by
side. Menkaura is represent in the familiar Egyption posture standing looking like his left leg is
extended forward, his arms held stiff at his sides and his first clenched like holding some cylindrical
objects. He is shown like a mature yet shown enough man perhaps in his thirties, with slender hips,
broad shoulder and well developed arms. His body looks like as other Egyptian statues such as
knees and shin bone are automatically correct. Overall, King shown as ideal of man's beauty in old
Kingdom Egypt. King's face also appears like aristocratic looking, projecting from his chin is a
short bias striped, wedge shaped beard. On his head, King wears a Nemes (headdress), both of sides
are pulled back his large ears, symbol of royal status. The other thing he wears is a Shendjyt Kilt
which is bend beyond the front, with one side falling down. ... Show more content on
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She stands in a more natural way than Menkaure with her right arm reaching around his waist and
her left one bent at elbow and holding his left arm. The queen wears a long very thin close fitting
linen garment which cover her body almost down to her ankles. The effect would appear to be not a
case of excessive static cling, but intended to reveal and describe the forms of queen's body.
Moreover, her breast are outlined and nipples indicated as is her lavel and slight bulge of her
tummy. The material also clings in an unnatural way around

Characteristics Of Art : King Menkaure And New York Kouros
I do not have ingredients to make a sandwich, so I will eat a banana muffin from Henry's Food
Court, instead. 2. I think Growth is vegetable growth because it reminds me of an abnormal growth
of a root vegetable such as carrots. The round bumps on the body of the sculpture look like mutation
from a vegetable or fruit. This work possesses feminine characteristics because of the round and
smooth form. There are no sharp edges poking out. It's in a silky and gentle shape. Even the material
is marble, the overall sculpture looks light and balanced. This is a non–objective sculpture. This
work evokes cool emotion. The surface is matte and white with some gray strings. The bumps are
not in organized fashion. It is not chaotic, and somewhat minimalistic. At most times when I touch a
marble, it feels cool on my hand. 3. King Menkaure and New York Kouros both have a symmetrical
body shape and made by carving from a stone. They have proportioned body and geometric body
parts. The two men have clinched fist and the left foot stepping forward. The body stance is stiff and
rigid The arms are closed to the thighs. The shoulders are wider than the waist. The Egyptian
sculpture is made from a slab of marble. King Menkaure wears the traditional accessories while the
Greek sculpture is nude. The face separates King Menkaure and Kouros. I have seen before the
Egyptian sculptures numerous times, and the face is no different from the other Egyptian sculptures.
Greek Kouros is a representing a

Maya Lin Vietnam Veteran Memorial Analysis
When one listens to Anne Wagner telling history about the Vietnam Veteran Memorial Creation that
Maya Lin created and designed, it assist one in appreciating and understanding her work. This is
because Maya Lin used natural material as well as recyclable substances to address environmental
issues that people could easily recognize. As an artist, environmentalist as well as sculptor, she
carved haunting and beautiful imagery to represent the results of environment destruction. Maya Lin
won Vietnam veterans memorial competition since she created a wound on the earth to account for
the loss of soldiers as well as the gravity of the war in Vietnam but unfortunately the design became
controversial. I understand that Maya Lin defended the design and finished and as a result, it the
most appreciated and visited memorial. I appreciate her effort to defend her design from prominent
Politicians and businessmen harassment to have the memorial set up. I trust that her choice to
communicate through art is effective especially when using environment since it is a language that
is simply understood globally. When one view her work that is of environmental concern it gives the
viewer a sense of togetherness since everyone is responsible for the ... Show more content on
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The primary medium of sculpturing the Torch of Friendship is enameled iron and stands in the
middle of Losoya intersection on a traffic rotary, an area famous for international tourists. The two
posts of the sculpture rise at angles that are non–parallel. The posts curl and twist individually and
meet at the highest point. The sculpture is constantly lit with distinct light patterns and varying
colors at different times of the year. Although the statue seems geometrical, it does not form right
angles. The sculpture is surrounded by diverse angles that make it appear to have different marble
joint together. Due to the location the sculpture, its base is

Art History Paper: Transformation Between Sculpture and...
Casey Chiovaro
December 3, 2012
Optional Paper
Art History 109
Define the transformations that have taken place between the sculpture of the late archaic period and
that of the early Classical period. Note how these imply a change in relationship of the viewer to the
work of art.
Throughout history, sculptures have developed significantly. The Western tradition of sculptures
began in Ancient Greece along with Egypt and many other ancient civilizations around the world.
Greece is widely seen as producing great masterpieces in the archaic period and as time evolved into
the classical period more detailed and sensible artwork developed. During the archaic period
(c.660–480 B.C.) sculpture emerged as a principal form of artistic ... Show more content on
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Typical Archaic sculptures are produced to be very frontal and have the archaic smile on its face.
Anavysos Kouros has both of these descriptions. The art work's body language would portray the
sculpture to convey no emotion but with the archaic smile represented on it's face the viewer may
become confused due to the inconsistent body language. The body looks as if it is very light but still
has extremely large muscles that are tensed which also back up the argument that it's unnatural. The
statue should be in motion due to the one leg in front of the other but the statue is portrayed as
frozen which makes it extremely mechanical.
On the other hand, the Kritios Boy Statue from century 480 B.C. is much more organic with a more
fluid body stance. Never before had a sculptor been concerned with depicting how a human being,
as opposed to a stone image, actually stands. Real people do not stand in the stiff form of the kouroi
and korai. Humans shift their weight and the region of the main body parts around the vertical but
flexible axis of the spine. The muscular and skeletal structures are depicted with freely lifelike
accuracy, with the rib cage naturally expanded as if in the act of breathing, with a collected and calm
demeanor and hips, which are distinctly narrower. The artist of this image was the first to grasp this
fact and represent it in statuary. The head also turns slightly to the right and tilts,

Renaissance : Rebirth And Renaissance
The topic I am going to talk about is Renaissance that in simple word means 'Rebirth' or
'Resurrection'. It was a period of 14th to 17th century of European history in which art was re born
in the context that it made a bridge from the middle age to the modern age art. Even new continents
were found during the period. The middle ages had a very dull and a very pale way of sculpting.
And the very raw nature of sculpture during that time was to portray a famous being or a character
or to reflect an idol. So what they did was that they just made a sculpture of the person that
reminded people of the character. The way it was made was barely recognizable and even few of
them were actually very elaborated and detailed, it needed a sense or a touch of perfection to it as it
still looked very unrealistic and familiar and similar to other sculptures. There was a typical clichéd
way or outcome of the sculptures which was widely adopted by many of the sculptors. The artists in
the Modern age or era came to a conclusion of making it real. Even though the term 'Real' is very
vague in its being, in this context it would mean that the sculptures should be more relatable with
even the minor details and carving the thoughts of people to pay attention or concentrate more on
the end outcome to make it professional and more "Realistic".
Talking about Renaissance I focused on one of the most famous artist of that time who created a
major difference in middle age art and modern age art,

The Prevalence Of The Power Of Women
The prevalence of the power in women has increasingly developed through the prehistoric and
ancient times in human art history. By gaining more valuable and prominent meaning through the
eras, women as a societal gender have increasingly advanced from being seen first as solely objects
of maternality, to later seen as functioning and flourishing members of society. Through the
analyzation of well known ancient art sculptures, such as The Venus of Willendorf that is on display
at the Vienna Museum of Natural History in Austria, to the later Figure of Isis–Aphrodite that can be
found at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in NYC, the advancement of appreciation and awareness
of the capabilities of female can be clearly extracted and observed.
Overseas in Austria, you can find the sculpture of The Venus of Willendorf, which is dated back to
about 24,000–22,000 BC, being inclusive of the Paleolithic age (the Old Stone Age). She was
carved from limestone and is only eleven centimeters in height, small enough to be held in palm of
the hand. The Venus of Willendorf is one of the oldest and most popular of all the similar fertility
figures known in prehistoric art history. The Venus of Willendorf was sculpted with extreme
exaggeration of reproductive female body parts including her breasts, stomach, and hips. During
childbearing, swelling and tenderizing of the breasts occur, in addition to the widening of their hips,
and of course the growth and protrusion of their bellies. When

Memi And Sambu Essay
Sculptures have been a part of human cultures for many centuries. They have been depictions of
gods, tell stories, honor spirits, and celebrations. Today many sculptures have helped tell the way of
life and history of prehistoric times. Sculptures can be described as "the art of carving, modeling,
welding, or otherwise producing figurative or abstract works of art in three dimensions, as in relief,
intaglio, or in the round." (Dictionary.com, 2017)Two ancient sculptures include the Statue of Memi
and Sabu and Seated Statue of Gudea, which have unique physiognomies.
Statue of Memi and Sabu is an Egyptian sculpture, or probably from Memphite Region, Giza,
Western Cemetery, which dates back to the Old Kingdom, Dynasty 4, ca. 2575–2465 B.C. It is a
painted limestone statue, which evokes the closeness of Memi and his companion, Sabu, a non–
royal couple in a standing position. On the base of the statue, one would see that it does include
inscripted lettering (The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, 2017) It could be interpreted that
Memi and Sabu are a possible couple based on the intimate hug and his left hand on Sabu left
breast. A non–intimate couple would not engage in such a dear embrace. The sculpture is reactively
small, according to Metropolitan Museum of Art, the dimensions are h. 62 cm (24.7/16 in); w. 24.5
cm (9 5/8 in); d. 15.2 cm ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It dates back to ca. 2090 B.C in Neo–Sumerian. (metro, 2017). The statue is made from a natural
stone material and has a bronze color. This statue is a representation of a hero of the Neo –Sumerian
culture. This sculpture one could see that Gudea is in a seated position, with his hands holding one
another, almost in a meditated state. He also had inscriptions written on his garment, which read
"Gudea, the man who built the temple; may his life be long." (The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art
History,

Ancient Egyptian Art : Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egyptian is one of the oldest countries in the world. It is divided into three kingdoms Old,
Middle, and New. Today I will be discussing the beautiful Queen Nefertiti and her kingdom. She
comes from the New Kingdom. Her name means the beautiful women has come and her husband
who was Pharaoh Akhenaten ruled during the 14 century B.C. Artwork from the day depicts the
couple in an unusually naturalistic and individualistic style, more so than from earlier eras. Ancient
Egyptian Sculpture Queen Nefertiti ca. 1348–1336 B.C.E., Eighteenth Dynasty painted limestone,
rock crystal eyes, height 20" (50.8cm) Staatliche Museum Zu Berlin. Was recorded in a life size
portrait. Discovered in 1912 in the studio of Thutmusis, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
21, 22). Queen Nefertiti husband changed Egypt's religious and political structure around the sun
god named Aten. Akhenaten's transformation of religion brought radical changes in artistic
conventions. Departing from idealized images of earlier pharaohs, Akhenaten is sometimes depicted
with feminine hips and exaggerated features. Early images of Nefertiti show a stereotypical young
woman, but in later ones she is a near mirror image of Akhenaten. Her final depictions reveal a regal
but realistic figure. On the walls of the tombs and temples, she is depicted alongside her husband.
That was rare in those times as no other Egyptian queen was idolized that way. She was shown in
positions of power and authority and also driving a chariot or decapitating the enemy. Sumerian
were the first people who migrate to Mesopotamia, they created a civilization 5,500 year ago. The
Sumerians had a common language and believed in the same gods and goddesses called polytheism
(History.com Staff, 2010). The Sumerian sculpture standing man is a statue that is made of black
limestone with white gypsum. Compared to the Egyptian statue, they are easily recognized by their
large eyes, single eyebrow, and seemingly astonished facial expressions. The standing figure with
clasped hands is a worshiper. It was placed in the "Square Temple" at Tell

Greek Artwork Essay
As time keeps moves forward, the sculptures of ancient Greece becomes more accurate and realistic.
It gives us a perspective on the human experience. Not only that, but the sculptures helps the present
day understand about each time period's perspective of the human experience. As sculptures in
Greece keep evolving, the values and culture expands with the different time periods. The first
period in Greece follows the Dark Ages. It is the Archaic and Geometrical period which starts in 600
BC. and ends in 400 BC. The sculptures during this time period appear to be not individualized and
it does not show facial or physical emotion. The sculptures are all similar and their are no
differences. The sculptures of Kouros and Koisos appears to be mainly symmetrical and stiff
indicating that the human body does not matter. The sculptures were unrealistic in terms of no
muscle tone. The sculptures does not embody the human experience. It does not show any
psychological side to the human such as feelings of the sculptures which is pivotal to ... Show more
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The artists starts to emphasize the human experience. The artists start to study the body and the
sculptures appear to be more emotional and dramatic. The pieces of the " and the "Discus Thrower"
reveals that features help us learn about the life of the people during that period of time. The discus
thrower is shown to be smiling which is important when it comes to emotion. Another example of
how the sculptures show emotion is that the " is seen with his eyes close. The one other thing that
differentiates from the previous time period is that, the sculptures have hair which makes the
sculptures look more real. It is not as symmetrical and has more diversity with character that is
clearly shown through the two sculptures. The artists during this time period, stresses the
importance of individuality and uniqueness. The purpose of the sculptures during this period is to
make it look

Brief Summary: The Greek Slavery In History
In history art has always been important because of the message the images bring. Today many of
the history is analyzed through paintings and sculptures as a culture and remembrance of what once
happened in history. The Greek Slave is one of the many sculptures and images that portray history
today. The Greek Slavery reflects historical information of the artist, work of art, culture, values,
and media information from that era.
To begin with, Hiram Powers was an American sculptor originally from Vermont who later moved
to Ohio where he studied classical art. He started his career in Washington, D.C were he modeled
many portraits and made a couple wax models for the Cincinnati museum (Columbia University
Press).In 1843, Greek slave was one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The history of the Greek Slave takes place during the dark times in the Greek Revolution of 1821–
1832. The Greeks had been under the Turks for more than four–hundred years and wanted their
freedom from the Turks so they decided to rebel against them. The Greeks never imagined they
were to be held captive by the enemy. The Turks took away mostly Greek female prisoners who
were beautiful and sold them in slave markets from Turkey and Egypt (OKSEV, Birgül Koçak 23).
The female prisoners who were sold had similar characteristics because they were white Christian
young ladies. This was the Turks revenge against the Greeks and earned profit from them by selling
the prisoners to the highest bidders. "...Slavery of the Greeks by the Turks during the Greek war of
Independence directed attention to harem and women slavery in general" (OKSEV, Birgül Koçak
23). The women who were acclaimed by the slave owners were really sexual predators who wanted
them for self–indulgent purposes. Since the thirteen century the Turks have been stereotyped as
rapist because of their un–Christian beliefs.
In conclusion, the Value of this Sculpture is one of the most important in history because it
represents all those young ladies who were innocently held captive against their own will to be later
disposed to the evils of the world. Hiram Powers' statue was based during the slavery of young
women to increase awareness of the terrible and unjust situation.

Bob Emser Analysis
Bob Emser is an internationally accomplished artist from Illinois, with a history of creating works of
art dating back to 1978. Emser artistic influence stems from his father and his father's background in
mechanical engineering. Emser works with a vast array of materials, including wood and steel, but
he has gained fame as having perfected his technique when it comes to creating low–maintenance
civic art. The sculpture titled Spirit of Space created by Bob Emser is a part of the permanent
collection of the Swope Art Museum, located in Terre Haute, Indiana. The sculpture anchored in
front of the museum on a round concrete base. The sculpture is made of steel and painted aluminum,
also, it stands 7' 6" high, 7' wide, and 2' 6" deep. The Spirit ... Show more content on
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The central form uses organic shapes and curving geometric designs, dramatic contours and flowing
lines that come together to create a unique form. The use of light and dark elements, along with a
neutral color background adds contrast to the entire sculpture. The sculpture seems to have many
shapes and forms all at once, even the title of the sculpture has more than one meaning. The artist
uses the word "space" with a dual meaning. By using empty space and shaping the lines of the
sculpture around in a circle, he created the illusion of a massive globe, and the artistic use of
futuristic shapes was inspired by aviation and the space program. While researching this artist, I
read that Emser's work is a reference to the pioneering spirit of aviation and nautical history. Which
takes me back to the beginning of my paper and what I originally thought this sculpture was, a
sextant. Bob Emser's influence of aviation is reflected in all of his work and is not lost in the Spirit
of Space. In conclusion, my first impression of the Spirit of Space did change. I mistook it for a
sextant or sundial, and it was actually the artist's intent to represent various different forms and ideas
within the nautical and aviation themes. The Spirit of Space is unique in the aspect that it looks like
numerous complex objects when viewed from various angles. This piece is extremely well thought
out and is a comprehensive

The Classical And Hellenistic Period
Greek sculpture is known for its beauty and attention to detail. Two of the most prominent eras in
Greek sculpture are the Classical and Hellenistic periods. The Classical period took place from 500–
323 BC. It is the period between Persian wars and ends with the death of Alexander the Great
(History). Classical sculptures are known for being less detailed more stagnant. The Hellenistic
period begins when the Classical period ends, in 323 BC. This period ends in 31 BC "with the
conquest of the last Hellenistic kingdom by Rome" (Simonin). Hellenistic sculptures are known for
being more realistic and active. Both periods of sculpture focused heavily on human anatomy, they
just differed in their approaches to illustrate the human body. ... Show more content on
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"Zeus gave Dionysus to Hermes to protect the baby from Zeus' wife, who was jealous" because
Zeus was unfaithful to his wife Hera with Dionysus's mother, Semele (Bergman). Hermes, the
messenger of the Greek gods, is sculpted leaning against what appears to be a tree covered in
draping. His right arm, that is broken, reaches upwards as if he is holding something. His left arm,
holds a small child, Dionysus, who reaches towards something that Hermes may have been holding.
Dionysus is the god of wine and fertility. The tree trunk alludes to symbolism of Dionysus as he is
also the god of "things that grow by leaps and bounds suddenly in spring" (Csapo 258). Dionysus
was also known for the chaos and parties that would erupt around him. Hermes appears to be
looking at Dionysus. They are both sculpted nude as many sculptures of this time were. Hermes's
body language suggests that he is very relaxed. The sculpture also appears to be unfinished and
features some "rasp and chisel marks [that] reveal a partial reworking of the back", as well as,
"Traces of red paint may indicate that Hermes' hair, lips, and sandals were gilded originally"
(Wilcox Classical Museum). The statue of Hermes and Dionysus laid a foundation for sculpture of
the later eras. Hellenistic sculpture became more varied in subject matter and style. This period of
time was "characterized by a strong sense of history" (Hemingway). This era is known for its
innovation, expansion

Short Trip To The Metropolitan Museum
Museum experience Museum is a magic place for human beings to talk to the greatest artists in the
history regardless of time and space. Visiting a museum is like taking a long walk in the history of
human beings. Artworks are designated to record either the unique thoughts of artists or the
indelible history of a period. A short trip of the Metropolitan Museum brings me not only the joy of
visiting, but also the decorous feeling of baroque art. It is not surprise that many baroque art is
devoted to demonstrate the majesty and solemnity. Ferdinando de' Medici (1663–1713), Grand
Prince of Tuscany ,which is created by Giovanni Battista Foggini, deeply impress me.
Based on real life model, the sculpture of Ferdinando de' Medici (1663–1713), Grand

Etruscan Culture Vs Roman Culture
Throughout history in general there are many similarities and difference between time periods,
cultures, and religious beliefs. In the cultures of the Etruscan's and the Roman's there are some
similarities and difference that make each one unique from one another. One thing that can be said
about both of these cultures is that they were greatly influenced by the Greeks which makes most of
their work seem familiar to one another. Many things throughout our history get destroyed or are not
preserved which makes it really hard to understand a culture and their values and important things in
their culture. For instance, in this culture many things have been lost and therefore some of the
history has been lost because there is very little evidence to help ... Show more content on
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The Roman's as well as the Etruscans also is know very little because there are very few things that
were preserved and little is known about them. One thing that can be said about the Romans is that
they played a very important role in architecture because they were able to make their temple
stronger and more stable compared to others. As the Etruscan, the Romans also were greatly
influenced by the Greeks and this is seen their sculptures and buildings. One thing that make the
Roman's sculptures difference is that they display power and wealth. When it comes to their
painting little is known but historians have been able to recover artifacts and wall painting in the
city of Pompeii. Many of the Roman's wall paintings display landscape scenes. In their architecture,
the buildings and temples used the arch in their construction which made the Roman's discovery
other ways in which this technique could be used to make other things. In their sculptures, they
displayed a we–like drapery and their statues were self–portraits of important figures such as
emperors that were displayed to show power and

Laumeier Sculpture Park: Artist Analysis
I have always been an outdoors's kind of person and I absolutely love how artist manipulates what's
around them with space, scenery, landscapes and natures given gifts in a way that is beneficial for
the community around and for the sake of the environment to be resourceful with nature and energy.
I chose to go to Laumeier Sculpture Park, because I have never been there and to be honest never
even heard of the place till this assignment gave me the option to visit for my paper. While I was at
Laumeier Sculpture Park, I found myself one with nature; I got to walk trails, read about these
different sculptures, and loved that never knew what I was about ready to see around the corner with
the abundant of unique and very different sculptures. There's ... Show more content on
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This site sculpture consists of wolmanized pine, stone, galvanized steel and concrete on an acre
landscape surrounded by wooded area and trails. This site was once the Hedenkamp's family
Orchard Valley estate abandoned in 1929. Mary converted the abandoned pool complex into a newly
built and landscaped scenery. Mary brought the past back to life with her expertise in landscaping
design and creative outlook with her work with the pavilions, platforms and staircases all around the
underground pool. The whole purpose of Mary's sculpture is to bring attention to the context of
history and the continuum of

Public Arts Controversy
Dear City Council, I am a citizen who has heard about the decision of whether or not to use city
funds for the sculpture. Our city is seemingly tedious due to the lack of art, and this would be a great
opportunity to change it. I support the creation of this sculpture because it will enhance our city's
appearance and allow citizens to experience the beauty of art. First of all, the sculpture will fill our
lives with the beauty of art as citizens. For example, "the History of Public Art" article gives a
background on ancient greek statues and temples, and it states that the "structures helped unite the
citizens of the communities of which they stood by providing a concrete focus for national identity
and pride" (The History of Public Art). For ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this can not be a difficult and substantial situation. In fact, when Chicago was introduced
to its first monumental outdoor Picasso sculpture, the public disliked it at first until later it "became
a symbol of the city" (Artner). Public art may develop controversy, however people will begin to
accept the sculpture. Art is a significant piece in the citizen's lives by unifying them with national
identity and pride. Another opposing viewpoint is that public art does not need government funds
because there are other important situations like high unemployment rates. This may be true, but
public art can do much more than just giving national pride to citizens and transforming dull spaces.
Furthermore, Chicago's Picasso sculpture "opened the way to countless reproductions that bred
familiarity, the first step toward love" (Artner). This shows that the sculpture significantly inspired
others and brought visitors into Chicago. With these visitors coming into Chicago, more jobs were
opened like tour guides and management positions. Investing our city funds into this sculpture will
be gainful because more jobs will be produced for unemployed

Roman Sculpture Research Paper
Vaibhav kumbhani
Ms. Wozniak
Humanities 1
25 October, 2016
Rough draft
Roman Sculpture was formed on the basis of Greek sculpture. It is basically the expansion and the
continuation of Greek sculpture. Roman sculpture often reflected the lifestyles of the Rome. The
tradition of the roman sculpture and with those of the Greek sculpture are quite problematic. Roman
sculpture is a unique in comparison to other ancient cultures as it influence Roman portrait and
realistic art of the people which is still prevalent today. The roman sculpture is quite confusing than
the Greek Sculpture which is collected by the lovers of art of the religion they follow which is
basically the Rome and they displayed unique picture of roman sculpture on the wall ... Show more
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Most of the people believe in Roman god and goddesses. So far as Roman had a religion of their
own. Roman God Mars, who is the father of Romulus and Remus, is the founder of the Rome. The
religion was based on the noble nation means that all people follow the faiths which has equal path
leading to the same place which has the spiritual connection between person and a god. The most
important thing was to respect the god and if you fail to do so you might down divine the worth of
the god not only those who worship but the entire community. The most of the information about
the historical events that took place in the Rome history were passed orally from one generation to
others. During the Monarchy and the most of the Republic, the majority of the Roman people were
dedicated believers in large number of gods and others spirits. The Roman people sacrifices their
life for every god they worshipped ("A People Proud of Their Myths"). Basically the Romans found
that there were greek and latin gods and they had are basically the same. And so tried to take both of
them and make them into one god. Romans believed that majority of the gods had played a major
role in the development of the

Analysis Of Hope Dionysos
This paper will focus on the Statue of Dionysos leaning on a female figure. Also known as the Hope
Dionysos. The statue is displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art and is located on the
first floor Roman and Greek art chamber. Upon entering this sector, you will notice a grand statue
that catches your eyes and captivates you as it welcomes you in gracefully. The exhibition is set up
in the back center of the room, and is noticeable due to the largeness in scale and the enigmatic yet
calming disposition the statue portrays. My first impression of the sculpture was how detailed and
realistic the statue is. Since the statue was so defined you would be able to identify what he was
wearing and how his body was shaped to how long his hair was during this time period. I was
profoundly intrigued by how peaceful the statue of Dionysos embodied and found myself coming
back to it and looking in awe. In curiosity, I would choose this statue for my assignment because I
wanted to learn more about the history of the Hope Dionysos. In this essay I will be describing my
formal analysis of the artwork, the subject matter behind it, the artist and the historical content of
the statue of Dionysos. Dionysos is defined as the god of wine, festivity, vegetation, pleasure, and
divine intoxication. In the Hope Dionysos, he is depicted as a peaceful and joyful figure that
represent happiness in Greek mythology. The statue is sculpted from marble as its medium and is
classified as a stone

Simon Schama's Power Of Art From The Baroque Time
An art history documentary, Simon Schama's Power of Art, showed painters from the Baroque time
period. English historian Simon Schama was the presenter of the film. He would send us back in
time through the use of reenactments and vintage film footage of the famous Italian Baroque
painter: Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Bernini was a sculpture in the early 1600's at the heart of Rome. He
started carving out marble at a young age. His father, Pietro, was also a sculpture from Florence. I
believe his father had an impact on Bernini's ability and drive in sculpting. His skills ultimately led
him to become a very popular person in Rome. He was known for being able to make marble so
carvel having an intense sensation. It was so life like that the figures would seem as if it was
breaking loose from their plinths. Even ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A man named Borromini would impact Bernini's life forever. They were both exceptional on
sculpting and architectures. In the Baroque era, sculpting was different from the Renaissance time
period. Baroque sculptures had more energy in them as if they had a breath of life in them. Each
sculptures showed dynamic movements. It was a style drifting away from exaggerations on pieces
of the artwork. Learning about Bernini's approach to sculpting granted me the ability to understand
how baroque sculptures contrast to sculptures from the past such as mannerist and high renaissance
sculptures. The way Simon Schama describes the details of the sculptures from having a physical
presence to being so intense. The reenactments from both Bernini and Borromini allowed me to
understand their life and how it affected their artworks. Both being rivals gave them motivation to
outbeat the other person. This would lead to a situation where one of them would be the one to
design new bell towers at the Cathedral of St. Peter's. It was Bernini who was chosen, but by trying
to exceedingly impress everyone he eventually made a drastic

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