Communication- Cultural Influences

Communication- Cultural Influences
Write an essay about the social context of communication and how cultural influences shape how people communicate with each other
In today's 21st Century society through our day–to–day lives we encounter many different people from many different cultural backgrounds. It is
almost inevitable that we will have to communicate with at least one other person on any given day. Whether this is at work, at school, while out
shopping, or even when talking on the telephone, communication is vital in order to ensure that our wants and needs can be met and also to voice an
opinion. As "different cultures have different approaches to communication" (Thompson, 2003 pg. 29), there will often be times when our
interpretations of something communicated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As we integrate these different values and beliefs as our own we begin to establish a sense of unified belonging to those that share the same thoughts,
beliefs, values and ideas as ourselves. In other words culture helps by "making the world a less mysterious and frightening place" (Thompson, 2003, pg
35), and also helps us to see the world as a bit more safe and predictable.
As with the communication process cultural perceptions and behaviours can either be learnt sub–consciously or consciously. For example a
consciously learnt behaviour might be a parent teaching a child how to brush their teeth, and a sub–consciously learnt perception might be that it is ok
to objectify women, through watching multiple television advertisements. It is of importance to note that both of these examples; as with lots of
important messages of a culture get repeated and reinforced.
Because "it is through cultural signs and symbols that we are so often able to communicate with one another" (Thompson, 2003, pg 15), it is almost a
given that in intercultural communication we will encounter barriers which will need to be overcome in order for communication to be productive.
In order for effective intercultural communication to occur one must be aware of the different aspects of communication. These can include but are not
limited to language usage, types of non–verbal
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Communication Apprehension?
Cultural Patterns
Communication, and the difference therein, is one of the most important aspects of life to understand in both our business and personal lives.
Communication styles and methods vary between different cultures. Communication is perhaps the most important cultural pattern to understand, if
we are to succeed in doing business on a global scale. According to Walker (2015), "Depending on the country and the individual, this dimension of
communication cab be ether more direct or more indirect" (p. 98). Because of vast cultural pattern differences, communication apprehension will often
become a barrier in conducting business in the global arena.
Croucher, Sommier, Rahmani, & Appenrodt, (2015) analyze communication apprehension in their July 2015 article, A Cross
–Cultural Comparison of
Communication Apprehension. Their comparison is based on data collected from England, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2015), communication apprehension has received a lot of scholarly attention, as this trait is one of the biggest communication traits effecting effective
communication. The authors state that varying educational levels has not yet been proven to be a contributing factor to communication apprehension.
However, it is noted that communication apprehension is considerable less in the U.S., and this may be because public speaking, in some form, is part
of the required educational curriculum in the U.S. According to Croucher et al. (2015), this is readily accepted in educational communities as a
relevant treatment for communication apprehension. Fall, Kelly, MacDonald, Primm, & Holmes, (2013) support this statement in their article on
intercultural communication apprehension. However, Fall et al. (2013) support the theory that cultural values are the key contributing factors to
cross–cultural communication apprehension. Additionally, the article notes that most other cultures do not require public speaking as part of a national
educational

Cross Cultural Communications Theory : The Theory Of...
Cross cultural communication theory (CCT) implies the idea of the communication of people who differ from one another. These differences can
include the age, race, financial status, ethnicity, and gender of an individual ("Cross Cultural Communication"). The theory looks at how a culmination
of individuals with conflicting traits interact together and how their culture impacts said interaction. Body language, gestures and language are all used
to find a common ground between two or more individuals. Finding the balance and compromise between cultural differences makes it possible to
communicate effectively and efficiently with each other, which can only assist in coherent dialogue.
Edward Hall was an anthropologist who is known for his high and low context cultural factors.
Richard D. Lewis is a British novelist and creator of the self named "Lewis Model". Lewis visited 135 countries and concluded "that humans can be
divided into three clear categories, based not on nationality or religion but on behavior ("Cross Cultural Communication"). He proceeded to create
"The Lewis Model" in the 1990s with the intent to "define and simplify inter–cultural analysis, with the aim to improve interaction between different
cultures," ("The Lewis Model"). In this model, the three categories in which he differentiated humans were linear–active, multi–active and reactive. The
linear–active group is comprised of regions where English is spoken. Some of the qualities which define this group include rarely interrupting, being job
oriented and maintaining a limited body language. The multi–active category is the most varied category in terms of location. "Southern Europe,
Mediterranean countries, South America, sub–Saharan Africa, Arab and other cultures in the Middle East, India and Pakistan and most of the
Slavs".("The Lewis Model") The qualities which define this group are usually interrupting, people–oriented and a focus on unlimited body language.
The last category is the reactive group, comprised of "all major countries in Asia except the Indian sub–continent" ("The Lewis Model"). That being
said, each country or region of the world doesn't necessarily fit into one of these categories completely and instead could be a mix

Different Types And Levels Of Cross Cultural Communications
Introduction
Nowadays, in the time of globalization, different types and levels of cross–cultural communications are now increasing constantly and appearing
frequently in negotiations, trades and social events. As a result, culture has become significantly important in the field of business communications.
However, the culture differences among people often lead to incomplete information and even unnecessary some misunderstandings and
embarrassments. In the worst case, they may also cause disagreements and contradictions, affecting the efficiency of the business event. Therefore,
analyzing the possible effects of culture differences to business communications and finding the most accurate way to communicate in the business
field have become a serious, new topic in the whole world. Major forms of culture diversity in business communications
Culture diversity defines the differences between regions, races originated to various historical, political, traditional and conventional factors. In the
field of international business communications, people always come from different countries and areas with different prospective on political system,
habits, religious beliefs and education backgrounds. They have different or even opposite understandings on the same thing. Chinese philosopher
Confucius from 2500 years ago said "The differences in the characters of men are chiefly owing to habit. By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice,
they get to be wide apart" could totally

Communication And Cross Cultural Communication
The paradigm of culture is essential in the human day–to–day conversation of cross cultural communication. To effectively and appropriately
communicate with an individual of a different culture an individual needs to fully understand the beliefs, norms and stereotypes affiliated with the
culture. The process of learning a language accompanies the positives and negatives of what is acceptable within the culture in the context of
communication. To equip and guide the learner, simultaneously diffusing cultural assumptions which are considered untrue. This essay illuminates the
impact of cultural blunders, reviewing previous studies of effective communication and cross cultural barriers in communication, supported by focus on
the Chinese and French culture. Although a group is not defined by its cultural expectations because individuals differ based on various influential
factors. On the other hand, it can also be argued that a part of cultural awareness entails knowledge of behaviours and linguistics, which associates with
stereotypes. The lack of zeal to learn about the culture and lack of delve; results in an individual's reliance on stereotypes which may be informative in
outlying what may be acceptable within a specific group. However, can be of negative results consequent to miscommunication between
communicators of differing cultures. The areas of cultural assumption, nonverbal communication, and face saving will be analysed thoroughly in
reference to the Chinese and

Communication as a Cross-Cultural Challenge for...
COMMUNICATIONASACROSS–ВвЂђCULTURALCHALLENGEFORINTERNATIONALMANAGEMENTACASESTUDYOFGINATRICOT
Paperwithin:BachelorThesisinBusinessAdministrationAuthors:
Tutor:
FridaMordenfeldSandraJohansson
PamelaHinojosaGiron
ZehraSayed
881201–ВвЂђ5520890304–ВвЂђ5543900910–ВвЂђ1560
JГ¶nkГ¶ping
The18thofMay2012
0
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The known quote: "Coming together is a beginning; keeping ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We base our conclusions on the notion that as human behaviours is dynamic and highly unpredictable, so is alsoculture and therefore even
communication.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 1.2 BACKGROUND 1.2.1 CROSS–CULTURAL COMMUNICATION1.2.2 CULTURE 1.2.3 GLOBALISATION 1.3 GINA
TRICOT AS A FAST
–FASHION CORPORATION 1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT 1.5 PURPOSE 1.6 RESEARCH QUESTION 1.7 DISPOSITION 2.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 A MODEL FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVENESS 2.2 COMMUNICATION
COMPETENCIES 2.2.1 COGNITIVE COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE 2.2.2 AFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE 2.2.3
BEHAVIOURAL COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE 2.3 COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT 2.3.1 COMMUNICATION INTERACTION
2.3.2 CULTURAL INTERACTION 2.4 RELATIONAL QUALITY 2.4.1 TRUST AND COMMITMENT 2.4.1 SATISFACTION 2.5 PERFORMANCE
EFFECTIVENESS 2.6 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS 3. METHODOLOGY 3.1 DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY 3.2
SELECTION OF STUDY DESIGN 3.4 COLLECTION OF DATA 3.5 SELECTION OF DATA
5 5 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 11 11 12 12 13 14 14 15 15 17 18 18 19 19 21 21 21 22 23 3
3.6 ANALYSIS OF DATA 4. EMPIRICAL FINDINGS 4.1 THE FAST
–FASHION CORPORATION GINA TRICOT 4.2 COMMUNICATION
COMPETENCIES 4.3 COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT 4.4 RELATIONAL QUALITY 5. ANALYSIS 5.1 THE EFFECTS OF
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTANCE 5.1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTANCE 5.1.2 LONG
–TERM RELATIONS

Cross- Cultural Communication
"We didn 't all come over on the same ship, but we 're all in the same boat."– Bernard Baruch
Cross–cultural communication is the process of exchanging meaningful and unambiguous information across cultural boundaries, in a way that
preserves mutual respect and minimizes antagonism, that is, it looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds endeavour to communicate.
The study of cross–cultural communication was originally found within businesses and the government both seeking to expand globally.
Communication is interactive, so an important influence on its effectiveness is our relationship with others. All communication is cultural –– it draws
on ways we have learned to speak and give nonverbal messages. We do not always ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
good/bad, right/wrong) which can only be nurtured through both cross cultural knowledge and awareness. 'Cross Cultural Competence ' is and should be
the aim of all those dealing with multicultural clients, customers or colleagues. 'Competence ' is the final stage of cross cultural understanding and
signifies the actor 's ability to work effectively across cultures. Cross cultural competency is beyond knowledge, awareness and sensitivity in that it is
the digestion, integration and transformation of all the skills and information acquired through them, applied to create cultural synergy within the
workplace.
Following are the five cross cultural communication needs that will allow for improved lines of communication, better cross cultural awareness and
more successful cross cultural relationships
Cross Cultural Communication needs .Listening Skills
Although emphasis usually lies on being a competent speaker, listening is a key skill that many business personnel do not exercise enough. For cross
cultural communication, attentive listening is critical to be able to understand meanings, read between the lines and enable to empathize with the
speaker.
Cross Cultural Communication needs. Speaking Skills
Listening and speaking must work in tandem for effective cross cultural communication. Speaking well is not about accent, use of grammar and
vocabulary or having the gift

Reflection Of Cultural Communication At Comfort Dental
This reflection acts as my third reflection since I have started my internship at Comfort Dental under the Guidance of Dr. Trino Nuno. Now, I have
been working at Comfort Dental for a little over a month now. I have become immersed in the culture of the organization. This immersion includes
me feeling like I am part of the team. I no longer feel like an outsider trying to figure out what I am doing. The other employees know me by name
and involve me in all day–to–day tasks. However, the task that I do is still the same I am answering phones, checking that patient's insurance plans are
eligible to be billed, scanning paper documents into a hard drive, and shadowing doctors when Amy, the office manager, has no work for me to do at
the front desk.
For this particular reflection, I have chosen to discuss two topics, which I have found to be of paramount importance to the operation of Comfort
Dental. Communication plays a huge role in how successful an organization is. It is for this reason that I want to focus this reflection on how Comfort
dental employees communicate with each other to achieve a common goal. First, I will convey what I have experienced their communication with me
as an intern, and then I will discuss the climate in which they communicate with each other. Following a discussion of the cultural communication at
Comfort Dental, I will then discuss the culture of the organization. In my previous statements, I have given a little personal account of my perceived

Cross Cultural Communication Important For Businesses
In this report, I will justify, why is cross cultural communication important for businesses in the 21st century. Cross cultural communication is a very
important factor for businesses in these days because of the rapid economic development hence globalisation.
Therefore, knowledge and understanding of a cultural diversity are a must especially for businesses operated worldwide to correctly react to body
language, symbols, gestures or situations that can be easily misunderstood due to cultural differences and can lead to the unsuccessful transactions,
contracts or a business as a whole, for example, Americans or British use the gesture 'thumb up ' to express that everything going well, while in
Bangladesh it means rude or awful. Living or doing a business in different country does not only mean knowing their food, music or clothing, but
mainly to understand their beliefs and values, as these are usually hidden deeply beneath the surface, even though we may find some habits or beliefs in
the different country 's culture to be same or very similar to ours.
In my opinion, it is very difficult to talk about cultural differences without making statements or likelihood, hence generalisations, which can help to
describe how people from one culture usually behave and react in a particular situation. However, even though generalisation can help to learn and
understand different cultures around the world, it can lead to a negative stereotyping, miscommunication and conflicts.
What

A Brief Note On Cross Cultural Communication And...
Cross–Culture Communication Competence in Global Business
Celeste Aisien Lo
COMS 2331
Dr. Richard Bello
April 29th 2015
Competence in cross–cultural communication and understanding cultural differences is becoming more crucial in today's society. Technology is
advancing in a rapid pace and is allowing more opportunities in migration therefore existing countries has never had so much to do with each other
until today. As a result of becoming inter–connected, global business is progressing rapidly. Majority of countries are participating in global business
transactions, international alliances and multinational joint ventures. However, recent studies suggest that these organizations often find failure as a
result of poor cross–cultural communication. Researches have analyzed the aspects of effective cross–cultural communication, how it affects business
communication and why the communication is ineffective when it is. According to Becker & Bsat (2014), learning the skills of "proper behavior" on
an international level is one of the most important elements necessary for business success and growth. Chaney & Martin's (2007) analysis suggest that
there is "international business culture" which defines acceptable behavior and orientation in an international social and business setting. Although
Beckers & Bsat (2014) did not title their research "international business culture", their work aligns with Chaney and Martin's (2007) claims. Beckers
& Bsat (2014) used the

Importance of Cross Cultural Communications
Effective cross–cultural communication is one of the most important issues dealt with in business, particularly when a firm operates at an international
level. Communication is a process with three key elements, which includes a source, an audience, and a channel. Communication derived from
businesses will have listeners that include, but are not limited to customers, employees, suppliers, and the community (Caddy et al.). These listeners
contribute to the success of a firm, which is why there is so much emphasis put into creating appropriate channels of communication. This effect is
further amplified when dealing at an international level, where the effect of culture and time has more bearing.
What makes effective communication important ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many cultures employ a hierarchical approach to communication, but often this method of results in important issues being dodged. This problem is
highlighted in an (Nakamoto 2008) article on Japanese companies. In the article it is reported that many of the Japanese companies employ a very rigid
communication structure, and overseas managers were hired to create a more efficient method of communication. An open exchange or direct method
of communication is much more effective as ideas can be garnered from different levels of the organisation.
Overcoming various linguistic issues is another operational benefit experienced when an effective communication channel is established. Due to the
legal issues of each country, language differences do not only affect face o face interaction, but written communications as well (Bovee 2008).
Through proper planning and research, however, a business is able to preempt such a problem from occurring, possibly by arranging for an interpreter
to translate.
Failing to establish an effective means for communication when an ethical issue arises can be detrimental to the stability of a workplace. This problem
is particularly pertinent, when you consider the fact that globalization has diversified workplace cultures. This can lead to what Huntington (cited in
Eunson 2005) described as a 'clash of civilizations', due to the different perspectives on morality in the western and eastern countries. Neglecting this
issue can create

Overcoming Cross Cultural Differences Of Communication
Overcoming cross cultural differences in communication at Tearroir
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A single thread cannot become a cord, and a single tree does not make a forest. This Cheng Yu is about cooperation and being part of a larger whole.
Its roots stem from Confucian beliefs of organized society through togetherness. This is in stark contrast to the emphasis placed on individualism in
some Western countries.
Introducton
Tearroir is a global tea brand that sources premium loose leaf tea from 7 countries. The need to overcome cross cultural difference in communication is
a major issue in achieving affective knowledge transfer and performance in today's globalised world (Holden, Von Kortzfleisch, 2004, pp127).
Knowledge evolves as both organisations and individuals adapt to internal/external environments, it is one of the most important assets for any
organisation (Rivera–Vazquez, Ortiz–Fournier, Flores, 2009, pp257). Cross cultural differences are never more of a barrier to successful
communication inl business than in the case of verbal and non verbal communication (McShane, Olekalns, Travaglione, 2010, pp367). Tearroir's
mission statement is "the best teas on Earth" for this to be realised we need to be effective communicators with people from varied cultural
backgrounds. Cross cultural communication issues often occur because people react to situations based on beliefs, values and expectations of their own
culture, the examples of 'face' and guan xi will be discussed in the paper.

Somali Culture: Cultural Communication In The United States
Cultural Communications
Culture is the people's identity. Traditions, norms and society values determine how best parents bring up their children. Interactions among individuals
from different cultures are platforms for acceptance and understanding among people. On the other hand, the interactions can pose culture shock and a
person may end up feeling like a misfit in the new environment. The United States is a multicultural environment with the majority being whites.
Other minority ethnic groups have either been born in the US or migrated there for work or studies. I conducted an interview whereby my
interviewee was a Somali national who is in the United States for her Master's degree. The woman explained to me about the differences she has
observed in the US comparing to her native country. The Somali culture tends to support chauvinism and therefore, women tend to feel inferior to
men (Samovar et al. 77). "In my country, girls stay at home with their mothers while the boys learn to explore the world at an early age," she says.
She explains to me how lucky American females are since they have equal opportunities with the males. Being born in a country where both sexes
strictly stick to their gender roles initially posed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She claimed, "Gender inequality and rigid cultural practices create the gap between males and females in my country. Women and girls should
passively follow men's directions with little questioning." She continued to explain how difficult it is for women to fight for their rights primarily to
acquire equal rights concerning their position in the society. Her tone of voice and diction is a clear indication of the woes that women face with
respect to cultural norms and expectations. "I am astounded by the number of female leaders in the US, medical practitioners and other male
dominated professions in my homeland." She

Understanding The Cultural Difference Of Business...
In this era of globalization, many companies and organizations often heavily dependent on the international trade which are the main industry to keep
their business running. Indeed, even with information on how the business can grow internationally, some business frequently fails to keep up the
importance of cultural understating in the business itself. Further, it is often leads to the lack of understanding and decreasing of performance to
achieve its goals. In this essay, the writer will describe the importance of understanding the cultural difference in business communication. Further, the
writer also emphasizes on the three major issues that is commonly forgotten, such as Cross cultural communication issues, workplace etiquette issues,...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now and again, these topics may convert into changing desires for business organizations and arrangements. Based on the changing desires and needs
and wants, "people 's purchasing behaviour ultimately, are shaped by their environment and their values. Therefore, when you are creating new
products or services in different countries or regions, it is important to conduct research beforehand about the target market. Consider characteristics
like the role of gender in the culture, their decision–making process and what they value the most"(Innov8 Education Solutions, 2017). Based on that, it
is clearly stated that the importance of understanding the different culture is just cannot be ignored, and should be implemented to enter the market
also understanding the consumer's behaviour in the market. Besides, the importance of understanding the cross cultural communication through the
brand that the company wants has to be accepted in the cultural or even in the society.
Workplace etiquette issues happened frequently because of miscommunication and mistreat shown among the workers and staff who hold a position in
a company. Indeed, there are many companies that have been established and continue to grow, however there is also some company that only last than
5 years and then goes bankrupt. This is a nature of the business, however, from enormous associations of privately owned

Cross-Cultural Communication Essay
Cross–Cultural Communication
Introduction
In business, successful communication is the key to success, and being able to relate to a customer is the best form of communication. This is why
cross–cultural communication is so important as the business world continues to globalize itself. Unfortunately, "A lack of awareness about the
culturally prescribed rules and norms of communication behaviors can cause public relations projects to fail, or worse, backfire." (Zaharna, 2001,
p.135).
My research is focused on the problems associated with cross–cultural communication and how awareness of culture, language, tradition, and business
practices can increase the advantages to globalization. This report will be field specific in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Introduction: In every type of business, how people are able to communicate dictates the success of the company. If all aspects of the business are not
able to keep each other informed on important issues and breaking news, then the company is destined to fail. For my research report I have decided to
focus my efforts on the issue of communication in the Beer Wholesaling industry. For over a year now I have been involved with the beer industry
working in both promotions, and in merchandising. Even in that small window of time I have seen forms of communication change. This change has
lead to both the creation, and the solution to many communication problems in this workplace.
I plan to study how the changing methods of communication have altered the beer wholesale business, and worked to solve and create problems. Over
the past 10 years we have seen a revolution in how people in the work force are able to communicate. First car phones and then cell phones made
contacting others much easier, and now computers are affecting everything through email and the Internet. The beer business, much like other
business, is built mainly on the strength of communication. Brewers must communicate with wholesalers who in turn must be in constant
communication with storeowners. If one of these lines of communications breaks down then a too much beer might be brewed for a season, or a liquor
store may end up with

Cultural Communication Interview
Culture communication comes together to symbolize both our differences and similarities and it connects us when we come from the same cultures,
and divides us when we come from different. On September 12, I interviewed my fellow classmate Leon Elkins. Low context culture is where Leon
is from. First, Leon speaks with complete honesty and considers himself shy. Leon exemplified being very honest when I asked him if he had free
time in his schedule and he said: "absolutely not" because his priorities consist of work and being a full time student. Leon doesn't approve of anyone
stepping into his personal space he told me. Leon also only trusts certain people and not everyone right away. Confusion was my initial reaction after
learning more about

Cross Cultural Communication Selection And Review
Cross Cultural Communication Selection and Review
As Jeane Kirkpatrick once said, "Cross cultural experience and communication teaches us not simply that people have different beliefs, but that people
seek meaning and understand themselves and others in some sense as members of a universe ruled by God." Effective cross cultural communication
with people of different cultures can be especially challenging. Culture itself provides human beings with different ways of thinking and responding,
which includes a variety of different ways of seeing, hearing, and interpreting the world. While there are ways of translating the language of other
cultures in order to have the ability to effectively use cross cultural communication (most specifically for collaborative purposes), the same words can
mean different things to different people from different cultures, even when they speak the same language. In fact, when languages are diverse, and
translation has to be used to communicate (cross cultural), the potential for misunderstandings and difficulty rises. In the case of "Strategies for
Smooth and Effective Cross–Cultural Online Collaborative Learning" written by Junfeng Yang, Kinshuk Huiju, Sue–Jen Chen, and Ronghuai Huang,
describes the difficulties with cross cultural communication and the findings of a study done by Hangzhou Normal University (China), Athabasca
University (Canada), and University of North Caroline (United States) about this difficult subject and its gravity

Cross Cultural Communication And Cultural Differences
When people think of business, rarely do we associate culture with the concept. This leads to an issue in cross–cultural communication. By analyzing
cross–cultural communication, and its miscommunication in cultural differences, it is clear that employees should know more of a country's defining
culture. Only recently have we seen an emphasis in understanding other country's cultures. In doing so, some businesses have prospered, while others
have suffered after a terrible miscommunication. When dealing with culture, there are three segments that an employee should consider. What can be
done before, during and after contact is made with the culture. In effectively preparing for one, a business may successfully send the message they wish
to their client.
Before even beginning communications, an individual should research the culture. When researching the culture, individuals should identify and
understand normal business patterns in that location. This may include doing work before communication is started. For instance, in other cultures it is
customary for a friendship to develop before communications may begin. In attempting to be on a friendly basis, clients may be more forgiving if a
cultural mistake is made. While in other cultures, giving a gift before a negotiation takes place is normal. Lastly if possible the individual should be
aware of the current state of affairs in the opposing nation to avoid sensitive subjects. This all depends on the culture though that is

Cross Cultural Communication Skills And Communication
Introduction
This paper will give a brief overview and then analyze the different cross cultural communication skills, including; oral, written, formal, informal, verbal
and non verbal. It will then compare and contrast two focus areas of cross culture communication; culture and ethics. This paper will then conclude its
findings
Brief overview of cross–cultural communication skills
Oral communication is transmitted through speech. It includes personal conversations, speeches, meetings, telephone conversations, conference calls,
and video tele–conferences (synchronic). Written communication is communications transmitted through writing. It can include e–mails (asynchronic),
letters, memos, faxes, formal reports, news releases. Formal communication is transmitted through the chain of command within an organization to
other members or to people outside the organization. It includes internal memos, reports, meetings, oral presentations, external letters, written proposal,
speeches, news releases, press conferences. Informal communication is transmitted outside formally authorized channels without regard for the
organization's hierarchy of authority. It includes rumours, chats with colleagues in the hallways or during lunch or coffee breaks. Verbal
communication is transmitted in the forms of words Meetings, voice mail, telephone conversations, internet forums (asynchronic) and chat
(synchronic). Finally, nonverbal communication is transmitted through actions and behaviour

Cross Cultural Communication : A Universal Standards For...
Cross–Cultural Communication
Does the world have a universal standards for business communication? With business being a crucial part in how countries interact and exchange
goods it almost seems as if the answer is yes, but as business continues to grow and become internationally engaged many see the answer is more
complicated. Across the world countries have created standards for communication that differ from other countries, therefore, creating the urge to
understand how to communicate across multiple cultures effectively. This process is calledcross–cultural communication, with this has created much
debate as to if it's important to understand other countries cultural communications. Below I will explain why it is crucial, to understand cross–cultural
communication, key components of communicating, and provide some examples of cross–cultural communication.
Why It's Needed
Business is not conducted in an identical fashion throughout the world from culture to culture, with this being the case communication difficulties can
arise and create problems with individuals from different cultures. Experts believe that one of the key part to communication difficulties among
different cultures is ethnocentrism; ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is innately superior to another's. This may not be directly
understood for business people as they are superior but often in business, people see their own culture as being logical and sometimes find difficulties
seeing

Cultural Impact On Cross-Cultural Communication
Introduction
When a company starts to do business in a foreign country, there are often many business practices that are different and difficult to understand.
Cross–cultural communication refers to communication conducted by people from different ethnic, social or gendered backgrounds, that is,
communication between people who do not share the common linguistic or cultural values. Through identifying some most important influential
factors in cross–cultural communication, the paper points out some steps and sugestions which can be use to make a successful meeting between an
Australian young business women and a traditional Japanese manager and discusses how those factors can lead to cross–cultural communication
failures. After that, it provides solutions for main types of cross–cultural communication breakdown and strategies for enhancing effective
communication. Finally, the paper ends with a restatement of the main points, which is also the conclusion part.
Influential factors on cross–cultural communication
Socio–cultural influence
An important factor which also influences cross–cultural communication is the socio–cultural effect. From the meaning of "culture" mentioned above, it
is not difficult to see that socio–cultural influence is crucial to a successful cross–cultural communication. Gumperz (2002) once wrote that
"...socio–cultural assumptions concerning role and status relationships as well as socialvalues associated with various message components also play an

Cross-cultural Communication and Power Distance
Executive Summary
This assignment is to analyze the U.S. culture and Japanese culture by using Hofstede's 5 cultural dimensions and Trompenaars's cultural dimensions.
According to the Wal–Mart's Japanese strategy case to distinguish the difference culture in Japan compare with U.S. There are some problems that
Wal–Mart may encounter which are Japan's current distribution system, people's traditional thinking of low price equate low quality and people would
not going big shopping. The inherent risks of Wal–Mart's entry strategies include trust, communication, and power problems. Further more, the
advantages of crossing culture diversity that are more creativity, more and better ideas, better decision making can strengthen an ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Further more, People live in very small space since the real state became expensive, they have no space to store things cause people in Japan has no
big shopping activities.
2. Do you agree with Wal–Mart's entry strategy? From a cross–cultural perspective, what are the inherent risks? Do you think that a faster market entry
would be more effective?
Yes, I agree. From the perspective of crossing culture, the inherent risks include trust, power problems, and communication problems. Wal–Mart bought
Seiyu to enter Japanese market. It is difficult to communicate between 2 countries which have totally difficult cultures. No matter in the language or in
mind. Language problem may be more easy to solved. They can apply interpreters, but the culture stuff influent people's thinking, behavior. People
from different culture think from different ways. Trust can be also a big problem. Firm engaged in international trade have to trust someone they
may have never seen, who lives in a different country, who speaks a different language, who abides by ( or does not abide by) a different legal
system, and who could be very difficult to track down if he or she defaults on an obligation.(Charles, 1994) Another problem is power. Both Japan and
U.S are the masculinity country, they are ambitious and fight for power while work in same place.
I don't think the faster market entry would be effective. Because Wal–Mart

The Cross Cultural Communication Has Impacted The Industry
Canadian has become a multicultural country, because the globalization as well as the benefits that Canadian government provided, more and more
people are willing to live in Canada, especially in Vancouver and Toronto. Because more people are willing to stay here and also work here, a lot of
Canadian company are facing a problem about the cross–cultural communication. In my perspective, the financial institution is the one of the industry
that having the cross–cultural communication more often. This is because if neither people want to neither live here nor work here, they have to deal
with a lot of financial related issue with banks.
Royal Bank of Canada would be a great example to show how the cross–cultural communication could impact the industry. First of all, we could see a
fact that more and more banking branch has diversified staffs from different countries; those employees could speak English as well as at least
speaking a second language. Some of the branch employee could speak more than three languages. This is because that RBC is trying to eliminate
the language barrier between their employees and customers. In my experience, in Richmond, nearly every branch has someone who could speak
neither Cantonese nor Mandarin. Those branches are very conscience for people who can't speak English very well, and also it could give the
customer better service. It's not just only benefit for customer, the bank also get a lot of benefits from this. They could sell their own

The Effects Of Cultural Backgrounds On Interpersonal...
Different cultural backgrounds can have certain effects on the interpersonal communication between students; and how cultural diversity benefits them
socially and academically. Students expand their knowledge about other cultures by interacting with other students of different backgrounds. In doing
so, they are growing socially and academically. According to Sarwari (2014), students that cooperate or interact with students from other cultures gain
interpersonal communication skills, which are necessary in the workplace. Through interaction they acquire new perspectives and a better academic
life (Sarwai 2014, Ibrahim 2014, Aziz 2014). Along the same lines as mentioned by Ramburuth, Welch (2005), classroom diversity is an ideal source
that teachers can target to assist students in building their "cross cultural competence" (Ramburuth 2005, Welch 2005). Both, Sarwari and Ramburuth,
portray how students can benefit from having different cultures within a classroom because it can give them the upper hand in a workplace
environment or a social event due to the experience they get when interacting with individuals from other nationalities. Furthermore, stated by Taras,
Rowney (2007), students bring with them a "variety of backgrounds and types of knowledge" which helps them come up with different solutions on
how to approach a problem (Taras 2007, Rowney 2007). On the other hand, Ramburuth, Welch (2005) established that through "multicultural
group–work" students are

A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Teaching Cross-Cultural...
A MULTI–DISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO TEACHING CROSS
–CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Paul Kalfadellis Working Paper 34/05 May 2005
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT WORKING PAPER SERIES ISSN 1327
–5216
Abstract The ability of managers to interact with individuals from cultures other than their own, requires a concerted effort on the part of business
educators and academics to 'train' and 'educate' today's students and tomorrow's managers in the area cross–cultural communication. This is not
necessarily an easy task. Teaching cross–cultural communication requires a multidisciplinary approach, which goes beyond what is traditionally
offered by trainers and educators. It requires the educator to design a course that includes not only culture–general but also ... Show more content on
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The training helps contribute to people's cross–cultural competency and enables them to develop an awareness of cultural difference (Gannon & Poon,
1997; Gudykunst, Ting–Toomey, & Wiseman, 1991; Milhouse, 1996). Black and Mendenhall (1990) suggested that cross
–cultural training provides for
positive outcomes in terms of people's cross–cultural skill development, adjustment and performance. Cross–cultural training for expatriate managers
was found to have a strong impact on cross–cultural skill development, adjustability and job performance (Deshphande & Viswesvaran, 1992). Gannon
and Poon (1997), in a study of MBA students undergoing crosscultural training and education as part of their course, found that that cross–cultural
training promoted cultural awareness and confidence on the part of students. This study confirms the general proposition that cross–cultural training
increased people's level of confidence in dealing with others of different cultural backgrounds (Milhouse, 1996).
2
EDUCATION AND TRAINING: WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE? After World War II, a plethora of theories, research agendas and training methods
developed to aid the cross–cultural sojourner which helped the development of cross–cultural communication as an separate discipline of study (Brislin
& Yoshida, 1994; Milhouse, 1996). The

Essay about American Exceptionalism and Cross-Cultural...
The study of American exceptionalism and cross–cultural communications has the ability to improve U.S. military effectiveness in USPACOM.
Understanding these two cultural principles will improve effectiveness in three ways. First, it allows USPACOM personnel to understand their biases.
Second, it gives USPACOM personnel a perspective on how nations in their area of responsibility may potentially view their actions. Finally,
cross–cultural communications provides tools for USPACOM personnel to overcome their biases and skepticism from potential partners or adversaries,
setting the stage for more effective military engagements.
The importance of understanding these two cultural elements will magnify in the future due to the pending shift ... Show more content on
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national interest." Both the National Security Strategy and USPACOM strategy place strong emphasis on communicating with nations in the region
and building partnerships. A sound understanding of the cultural environment is critical in achieving these strategic objectives.
Incorporating cultural understanding into the planning process gives military leaders an edge in planning effective engagements that will eventually
result in better communication with both adversaries and allies and stronger partnerships across the region. To achieve cultural understanding
USPACOM personnel must first exam the concept of American exceptionalism. American exceptionalism has several meanings, which led Ceaser to
describe it as not a concept but a family of concepts. However, Ceaser does identify the common denominator of these various definitions as a claim to
uniqueness. This uniqueness refers to the idea that there is either something different about America or something special about America. America is
different is the notion that compared to other advance societies the United States is different in key social areas like religion, politics, criminal justice,
birth rates, belief in personal freedom, etc. Research conducted by social scientist indicates the United States is an outlier in these areas supporting the
idea that America is literally different from other nations. The idea that America is different is a concept embraced by social

The Importance Of Inter-Cultural Communication
Communication can be described as an information exchange with the aim of reaching a common understanding – through written or spoken means,
actions or symbols (Boddy, 2017). Inter–cultural communication therefore, is communication between different cultures. This essay will explore issues
faced during inter–cultural communication, with reference to my own personal experience. With ever–evolving technology and more companies taking
advantage of globalisation than ever before, good cross–cultural communication has never been more important; therefore it is essential that issues
arising during inter–cultural communication can be appropriately resolved to ensure the most effective communication. (Hybels & Weaver, 2012).
Issues surrounding inter–cultural communication often stem from cultural differences. Typically these are a group's accepted norms including
behaviour, values, dress and basic assumptions (Schein, 1985 cited by Gallagher, 2016). The way in which situations are approached by others will
have an obvious impact on how communication is both sent and received; according to Dr Sudhanshu Jayaswal (2009), the greater the difference in
culture of the sender and receiver, the greater the problem is likely to be for successful inter–cultural communication. Additionally, the cultural identity
of a person is derived from gender, age, ethnicity, religious beliefs and values, all of which will impact on the way information is sent and received
(Hybels & Weaver, 2012). For

Cultural Differences Between Body Language, Communication...
As professional caregivers, nurses are required to communicate with patients to assess, diagnose and provide interventions that result in desirable
outcomes. An ever changing cultural and spiritual population is a hallmark of the US identity since its inception two and a half centuries ago. This
poses a challenge for nurses who must be able to quickly and accurately identify client needs and provide appropriate care. Language differences are a
natural barrier to communication, as are cultural differences in body language, communication styles and cultural beliefs. People whose culture differs
from the nurse may have different views about overall health and well–being, choices for interventions, responses to pain and opinions about death and
life–prolonging care. Nurses must be open to differences in cultural beliefs and educate themselves about the diversity in their area to best meet the
needs of the community.
It is important, however, that a well–intentioned desire to achieve cultural competence does not result in oversimplification and stereotyping. There is
variation within cultural groups and uniqueness to individual experiences that must also be considered. Nurses must aspire to respect differences in
culture and treat patients in a manner that instills trust. The American Nurses Association developed a set of standards of practice for culturally
competent nursing to ensure that all patients' specific needs are addressed, as well as ensuring equity in the workplace

Communication Is The Most Fundamental Element. Cross...
Over the past decades the business world has become more globally interdependent due to the globalization and technology, one of the main business
challenges that an organization faces today is cross cultural communication. With increasing numbers of business opportunities across national borders,
many organizations tend to expand their business operations abroad. Consequently, there have been significant business competitions. In order to win
in this competitive business world, communication is the most fundamental element. Cross cultural communication is defined that it is part of the
intercultural communication and has to compare how people communicate across cultures (Browaeys and Price, 2008). Furthermore, according to
Huang (2010,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, Lebron (2003) agreed with Hofstede's statement but assumed that significant cultural differences lead to miscommunication which may bring
conflict and aggravate crash. Additionally, she has indicated that intercultural communication will be demonstrated by sharing ideas, attitudes, and
behaviour and they are divided into four categories such as time and space, fate and personal responsibility, face and face–saving and nonverbal
communication. Moreover, most research on cross cultural communication focuses on the importance of cross cultural communication in business
environments and negotiations. For instance, some experts have claimed that cross cultural communication has become one of the important parts of
international business that cannot be avoided (Zhu and Zhu, 2006; Huang, 2010; Salacuse, 1999). Furthermore, they have assumed that when two
negotiating parties from different cultural backgrounds tries to communicate, potential disagreements and misunderstandings arise which may make
difficult to negotiate and break up a business partnership. Similarly, Zhang and Zhou (2008) also has claimed that understanding the different cultural
issues which existing among different nations and focus on cultural diversities in every facet of business is vital for negotiators in operating
international business negotiation. In

Examples Of Cultural Differences In Intercultural...
Abstract
Cultural differences play an important role in intercultural communication. The statement that effective business depends on knowledge of mentality
is broadly discussed not only by sociologists but also by economists and international companies' managers. Corporate culture became a term widely
used to describe the way of particular company employees' behavior at a workplace. Also, this term is used by human resources managers to name a
set of behavior rules, which they hope to introduce to the companies. Promoting a corporate culture is an effective way to create a strong organization.
It can be done through enhancing the sense of community within the company. And a sense of community is a sense of shared identity. Therefore, the
question of national identity needs a thorough analysis as it is a key issue to gain success in a globalized world.
Cultural Dimensions Theory Review.
The following example of cultural differences analysis is based on the cultural dimensions theory, developed by Geert Hofstede. Applying this theory to
two countries–The USA and Bolivia, we can see major differences in national culture models. They may be subdivided into six basic issues, which
are called dimensions of culture and used to identify the way of social organization. The first dimension to consider is what Hofstede described as
Power Distance (PD). This is the extent, to which the less powerful members of society accept and expect the power unequal distribution

The Cross Cultural Communication Issues
On the whole, this paper will identify four other major possible cross–cultural issues as analysed below.
First, the cross–cultural communication issue may arise and there are mainly 3 factors contributing to the communication barriers in such case.
For starters, the factor of culture difference (Moslehpour et al. 2016) present itself. As given in the case study, both of the SSSL executives and Saran
are all from India, but the target Qatari market and the people, including both Sheikhs and host–country nationals, that they have to deal with, share the
Islamic culture or Arab culture, which distinctly differ from India's religious belief – Hinduism or Buddhism culture.
In the next place, the factor of perception difference and experience difference (Beeber et al. 2014) may occur as a result of culture differences. Since
culture can influence the way people perceive things and usually lead to diverse life events among individuals (Nisbett and Miyamoto 2005), people
from Qatar and India may have different solutions and reactions to the same problem in the future. At the minimum, conflicts or stereotyping may
occur among the host–country nationals and expatriates; at the maximum, the major decisions regarding the development and future direction of this
partnership business for both sides' chief executives may go separate ways.
All three major differences outlined above interactively influence the cross–cultural communication process by creating 'noise' (Francesco and

Understanding Cross Cultural Communication Barriers
It is a challenge to communicate effectively with people that from different countries and cultures. Due to the different backgrounds and cultures, there
are a number of barriers to effective cross–cultural communication. The same words have different meanings to people that from different cultures,
even the people that speak the same language. In my own opinion, there are three aspects of cross–cultural communication barriers: they are language,
behavior and emotion.
Firstly, language is always an serious barrier to people in the whole world. People who speak the same language also have misunderstandings
commonly, so there is no doubt that people from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds have communication barriers. I can say language is a
complicated thing in the world; moreover, communication among people speak different languages is difficult. Sometimes, words that from
mispronunciations can lead to misunderstandings of meanings. In this situation, people can not communicate with each other effectively, and people
who are in this conversation may feel uncomfortable with the unhappy ending of the talk. People look at the world through language, which includes
emotions and concepts. If you consider how many times that you misunderstand someone speaking in your language, you can imagine how difficult it
is to know the whole meaning from a person has a different background is talking to you. Therefore, language barrier can exist in everyone's
conversation and

Intercultural Communication And Cultural Development
Intercultural Communication Competence
Adaptation
From the theory adaptation is perceived as the process of dynamic unfolding of the natural tendency of human strive for an internal equilibrium in face
of often adversarial conditions of the environment (Jackson, 2008). The theory of adaptation tries to create and enhance an understanding of the
process of intercultural adaptation. However it has special focus on the effects of micro and macro levels factors on cultural adaption process. This
refers to cultural and institutional patterns of host culture and individual background and psychological characteristic respectively. It has also focused
on understanding of cross cultural adoption in the context of new learning and psychological growth so as to form more complete understanding of the
cross cultural adaption process, organizational and consolidation of factors that influence cross cultural adoption process has also been focused and
finally inclusion of assimilation of ideological points of view. In addition there are three boundaries that are set to define the situation of cross cultural
adaptation occurrence. The first is that the strangers have had a primary socialization in one culture and have moved into a different and unfamiliar
culture. The other one is that the strangers are dependent on the host environment for meeting their personal and social needs. Also, the strangers are at
least minimally engaged in firsthand communication experiences with the

Cross Cultural Communication Is Essential For Todays...
Cross cultural communication is essential to todays business world. Unfortunately, there are many boundaries that can cause miscommunication when
communicating cross culturally. This paper will discuss three patterns that I believe have the ability to degrade cross cultural communication.
Understanding the barriers of each of these patterns will help you to have more effective communication. As you look at society you notice that we
continue to grow culturally. We live in a society that promotes business that expands pass our borders. So it is very necessary that we understand each
other culturally. Chapter ten of Leadership in a Global Society entitled "Culture and Communication in the Global Workplace" states, "that there are
patterns ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a society with a low power distance members feel entitled to power. With low power distance society is more democratic and hierarchal.
Whereas with high power distance, power is not shared things are very unequal. The people with power make all of the rules. Examples of a large
power system is Korea, and example of a small power system is Norway. Understanding power distance is essential to successful cross cultural
communication. "power distance denotes the degree to which less powerful members of a society take inequality for granted. Hofstede explains that
though inequality exists in all societies, the level of tolerance to it, changes from one to culture to another." (Toprak, & Genc–Kumtepe) Power distance
looks at how members of society who have little or no power respond to the distribution of power. A person who comes from a society with low
power distance would be very confused if they attended a meeting in Korea a culture with a high power distance. For example, in a high power
distance society a manager may look down on his employee, the employee will understand that his manager holds all of the power and he goes to him
for direction. In a low power distance society an employee would see themselves as equal to their manager.
A great example of high power distance can be seen in country like Korea which I have mentioned before. If you walked into a corporate board
meeting in Korea, you may be caught of guard if you're from a country with a low

Organizational Dialogue And Inter Cultural Communication
Organizational Dialogue and Inter–Cultural Communication
Introduction
Communication is unquestionably one of the most critical skills to refine. Communicating effectively and clearly in your own environment and
comfort zone is challenging enough, and even more critical and challenging in an exponentially different culture. In this age of cultural diversity and
Globalization is being able to communicate in the face of cultural diversity plays a more important than ever. Today in this essay I try to elucidate how
cross cultural differences in communication can play havoc in our professional and personal life.
The critical incident
This happened 2 years back. I had enrolled to take part in a short ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I could see the disappointment on the face of the facilitator. Very soon a translator had to be arranged so that everyone could understand what was
being said. It was then that I started thinking about the importance of a Global communication platform and what a sad and bad situation this was,
where all wanted to attend the lectures, but no one knew a common language that could binds us together. We could have avoided this situation or
even been prepared for it to a certain extent had the facilitator and I been aware that we would be dealing with Non– English Speakers.
Relevance to business
Now that I reflect upon this one incident, I will try and put into words what my understanding of communication is all about and where it failed in this
case and how culture plays a crucial role in cross cultural communication. According to me Communication is a two–way process that involves a sender
and a receiver. The sender sends the message and the receiver has to decode it and reply to it.
This process of sending and receiving involves the element of understanding in order to decode the message and then finally a response is elicited.
The message has to be understood by all if it has to termed a success. But in the case of my short term course experience, this did not happen, until a
translator was arranged.
In an Organizational and also daily life context

Cultural Communication Reflection Paper
There are many terms in each chapter you could choose from. There were also smaller terms that dealt with the overall term. The terms I decided were
the most that I found interesting and helpful. These terms helped me learn something out of this class, I never would of thought of specific ways of
cultural communication is different for many. Understanding terms and talking about them in real life situations in class, was helpful to understanding
these terms. They're 6 key terms that are going to be explained, how they apply to class or life situation with myself involved, and what I will do with
these terms throughout the rest of my career.
The first key concept is Cultural Identity. This was one of the most interesting terms that I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I need to look back and try to adapt to the cultural setting or when I am talking. Realize who I am with and what you say, you may have a different
outcome.
Another Key term that was helpful for this class was standpoint theory. This theory explained a lot of what I do what I think about the world around
me. Standpoint theory according to our book IC , "is a place from which to view or make sense of the world around us, it influences what we see
and choose what to see." It helps us to look back at and try to figure out the issue. We try to understand ourselves and others, standpoints can form,
and we may look the world differently based on standpoints and beliefs. When learning this in class and reading about standpoint theory, it t made
me relate how I am with social media especially Twitter. On Twitter, you can mainly post anything you want, as sometimes I see very exploit things.
Twitter is something that puts me in standpoint theory, as I try to understand why this is happening. They're times I don't even want to see video of
rappers doing all types of drugs and drinking, but it shows up on my feed. I see from rappers, to people humiliating people, or irrelevant stuff having
negative impacts.. Being on Twitter since it first came out, it was nothing like it was today. There were not that many ads and people trying to promote
themselves. Looking back at it now with standpoint

Cross Cultural Communication Essay
The three cultures that are involved in cross–cultural communication are the Missionary's Culture Context, the Bible Culture Context, and the
Respondent's Culture Context. The Missionary's culture is a missionaries understanding and interpretation of the Bible according to their upbringing in
the gospel, and their traditions. For example, I grew up in the Methodist Church, and singing hymns is a part of our worship and culture. Some
modernize Churches do not necessary care for hymns, because it seems to turn off the younger generation from attending Church. Therefore, the
modern Church may only sing a hymn on a special occasion to honor their heritage, but they do include hymns as part of their weekly worship.
Nevertheless, no matter the cultural differences God loves diversity (Winter, 2009, p. 354). As I reflect over my culture there is not too much
difference in the Bible culture, we praise and worship, fast and pray many are still judgmental and prejudice, and slander and cheat. Ecclesiastes 1:9
states "History merely repeats itself. It has all been done before. Nothing under the sun is truly new." Therefore, in my opinion the culture only changes
when we change. Unfortunately, some people cast believers to the side when we do change, but now as I reflecting on this topic, it really just gives us
an opportunity to create a more Christ–like culture, the way God intended it to be since the beginning of time.
The Bible Culture Context is the foundational key to

Importance Of Cultural Difference In Business Communication
In this era of globalization, many companies and organizations often heavily dependent on the international trade which are the main industry to keep
their business running. Indeed, even with information on how the business can grow internationally, some business frequently fails to keep up the
importance of cultural understating in the business itself. Further, it is often leads to the lack of understanding and decreasing of performance to
achieve its goals. In this essay, the writer will describe the importance of understanding the cultural difference in business communication. Further, the
writer also emphasizes on the three major issues that is commonly forgotten, such as Cross cultural communication issues, workplace etiquette issues,
and organizational hierarchy. In addition, the writer then gives an example of the company who fails to understand the cultural difference in an
organization or businesses.
First of all, cross cultural communication issues are often caused by small problems in an internal business section. Basically, it because the company
simply does not recognize the importance of culture in the business. As a matter of fact, culture alludes to the standards and qualities and conventions
that influence the way an individual from a gathering ordinarily sees, considers, connects, carries on and make judgments. One of the greatest ruins of
partnerships is not perceiving the significance of understanding society while working a business. The supposition

Implications of Cultural Communication in Business
Implications of cross–cultural communication in business:
A study of Swedish small enterprise "ImseVimse" and its international distributors and retailers
Master in International Management Gotland University Supervisors: Fredrik SjГ¶strand Per Lind Authors: Maka Kvantaliani Olga Klimina Spring
2011 Visby
In times of rapid economic development and internationalization of business, effective cross–cultural communication among managers remains a
challenge. This thesis aims to research and analyze crosscultural communication in business context based on qualitative case study of a small Swedish
company and its international business partners. Previous research has focused on differences and similarities in peopleвЂџs behaviour and ways ...
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8 2.7. VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY .................................................................................................................................. 8
............................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1. HOFSTEDE'S
CULTURAL DIMENSIONS .............................................................................................................. 10 3.1.1. POWER DISTANCE
......................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.2. INDIVIDUAL VERSUS GROUP ORIENTATION
....................................................................................... 11 3.1.3. UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE
...................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.4. MASCULINITY VS. FEMININITY
................................................................................................................ 12 3.1.5. SHORT TERM/LONG TERM ORIENTATION
........................................................................................... 12
3.2. CRITICISM OF HOFSTEDE'S MODEL .................................................................................................................. 13 3.3. HALL & HALL'S
CULTURAL VALUE ORIENTATIONS

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