The document outlines the design and requirements for data center HVAC cooling systems, including equipment specifications, temperature and humidity control, airflow rates, and cooling load considerations. It distinguishes between enterprise and internet data centers, and details functional requirements like space planning, power needs, and physical security measures. Additionally, it discusses various cooling technologies including direct expansion systems and chilled water systems, emphasizing the importance of air quality and dust control for equipment reliability.

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
OVERVIEW OF A
DATA CENTER
HVAC COOLING
SYSTEM DESIGN
DATA CENTER
HVAC
EQUIPMENT
DATA CENTER
AIR
DISTRIBUTION
COOLING
PERFORMANCE
AND EFFICIENCY

3. DEFINISI DATA CENTER
Data center atau pusat data
merupakan fasilitas yang digunakan
untuk menempatkan beberapa
server atau sistem Komputer dan
sistem penyimpanan data (storage)
yang dikondisikan dengan
pengaturan daya dan udara,
pencegahan bahaya kebakaran, dan
biasanya dilengkapi pula dengan
sistem pengamanan fisik.
Pusat data dibagi menjadi dua
bagian utama kategori:
• pusat data perusahaan (CDC) dan
• pusat data Internet (IDC)

4. persyaratan fungsional dari data center:
Perencanaan
ruang pusat
data
Pasokan listrik
dan konektivitas
jaringan
Suhu /
Kelembaban

5. DATA CENTER SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
Moisture and
air leakage
Contaminants Access Security
Room
temperature
and humidity
Airflow
Raised
flooring
Ceiling height
Aisle space
Expansion
room

6. ELECTRIC SUPPLIES AND NETWORK CONNECTIVITY
Estimated
Power
Requirements
Quality of
Power
Emergency
Power
Grounding
Physical
security and
fire protection
Emergency
Power Control

8. The Type Of IT Equipment
1) rack-mount servers

9. 2) blade servers
The Type Of IT Equipment

10. Fig. 2 Typical Rack and Cabinet Examples

11. Fig. 3 Typical Computer Server Packaging Form Factors

13. SECTION 2
1. Heat gains
2. Temperature
and humidity
requirements
3. Ventilation
rates
4. Air
Flowrates And
Air Quality
5. Cooling
loads
HVAC COOLING SYSTEM DESIGN

14. 2. Temperature and humidity
requirements
Temperature
Dry bulb temperature: 18 to 27°C
Dew Point : 5.5 to 15 ºC
Effects of Temperature :
Jika suhu naik terlalu tinggi,
peralatan akan tidak
berfungsi , dan komponen
internal mulai membengkak
dan menjauh dari satu sama
lain (atau dapat terbakar).
Relative Humidity or
Absolute Humidity
Relative humidity (RH) and
is specified as 55 ± 5%
Effects of Humidity:
Jika udara di pusat data terlalu
lembab, air dapat mengembun
pada komponen internal,
menyebabkan electical short Jika
udara terlalu kering, pusat data
berisiko terkena aliran listrik
statis juga bisa menghasilkan
short circuit

17. 4. Air Flowrates And Air Quality
Pressurization:
Dust is certainly one of the worst enemies and can
adversely affect the operation and reliability of data
processing equipment due to stray currents. Generally,
two factors should be considered in dust control:
pressurization and filtration.

19. 5. Cooling loads
Heat released
inside the space
• IT equipment
• UPS
(Uninterrupted
power supply)
• power
distribution
• Air conditioning
units
• lighting
• people.
Building envelope
• roof,
• walls
• windows
Ventilation air
load
• filtered outdoor
air
• infiltration

20. SECTION 3 DATA CENTER HVAC EQUIPMENT

21. SECTION 3 DATA CENTER HVAC EQUIPMENT
Direct Expansion
(DX) Systems
• DX Split A/C System
- Air Cooled
• DX Split A/C System
- Water Cooled
• DX Split A/C System
- Glycol Cooled
Chiller based cooling
• Air cooled
• Water cooled

22. DX AIR-CONDITIONING UNITS

23. AC PRESISI / CRAC UNIT

24. DX AIR-CONDITIONING UNITS
1. DX Split A/C System - Air Cooled
2. DX Split A/C System - Water Cooled
3. DX Split A/C System - Glycol Cooled

27. CENTRAL CHILLED WATER SYSTEM

28. •80 tons and < 200 tons use
chilled water systems, screw
chillers
• >200 tons use chilled water
systems, centrifugal chillers

30. Water cooled chillers
Air cooled chillers

31. Parameter DX Chiller
Space Eliminates space
requirement
Large plant room
required.
Capital Cost Lower cost Higher capital cost
Energy Cost high higher COP and has lower
power consumption
Spare Parts Small, economical and
easily available
expensive, available
only from the
manufacturer
Compressor
Failure
the single machine only is
affected and the
compressor is easily and
quickly replaceable.
Chiller compressor or
motor failure results in
extended downtime of
several weeks and very
high cost.
Piping Simple, but risky requires insulation

32. SECTION 4 DATA CENTER AIR DISTRIBUTION
1) raised
floor system
2) overhead air
distribution.

33. Raised Floor System

34. Overhead Air Distribution

36. Cold/hot aisle

44. SECTION 5
COOLING PERFORMANCE
AND EFFICIENCY
Airflow Efficiency
Cooling System Efficiency