This document compares the economic and environmental viability of biodiesel and geothermal energy. It provides definitions and descriptions of biodiesel production through transesterification of vegetable oils. Benefits of biodiesel include its similarity to petroleum diesel, while being environmentally friendly and biodegradable. Geothermal energy utilizes heat from the Earth's core to produce steam and is a renewable source with low emissions and costs compared to fossil fuels. However, geothermal requires suitable geological conditions and infrastructure investment.

1. BIODIESEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGYANECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIABILITY
COMPARISON
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2. What is BIODIESEL?
DEFINITION OF BIODIESEL
KEY BENEFITS OF BIODIESEL
APPLICATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
MORE THAN JUST A FUEL
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3. Biodiesel is produced by a chemical reaction
between methanol (or ethanol) and an oil or
fat, in the presence of a catalyst.
Requires a strong basic catalyst (NaOH or
KOH)
The reaction is called “Transesterification”
Changing one ester (vegetable oil) into
another ester (biodiesel)
Oil + Alcohol yields Biodiesel + Glycerol
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4. The physical and chemical
properties of
Bio-diesel are similar to those of
petroleum diesel; moreover, it is
environmentally
friendly, nonhazardous
and bio-degradable. The
applications of Bio-diesel range
from
transport vehicles to farming
equipment
to industrial machinery.
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5. Biodiesel can be used in
existing Diesel Engines
• Pure Biodiesel (B100)
or blended
• with petroleum diesel
(B20, BXX).
• Rudolf Diesel: peanut
oil.
• The first diesel engine.
• Little or no engine
modifications
• Use existing fuel
distribution network.
• Available now
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6. Vehicular use and
manufacturer
acceptance
• In 2007, McDonalds of
UK announced
that it would start
producing biodiesel
from the wasteoil
byproduct of its
restaurants. This fuel
would be used to
run its fleet.
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7. Railway usage
• The British
businessman
Richard
Branson's Virgin
Voyager
train, number
220007 Thames
Voyager,billed as
the
world's first
"biodiesel train".
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8. AIRCRAFT
Feb 2009
• The first flight by a
commercial airline
to be partly
powered by biofuels
and billed as
heralding a ecofriendlier and
cheaper era of
airline travel took
place
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9. An economic
analysis indicates
that ethanol from
sugarcane and
biodiesel from
Jatropha Curcas can
be manufactured at
under Rs. 21/litre .
Current production
cost of petrol and
diesel from crude is
Rs30.22/litre,
cost per litre
35
30
25
20
30.22
15
21
10
5
0
Biodiesel
Crude oil
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cost per litre

10. Health & Safety
Safer, Cleaner Alternative to Petroleum
– Exhaust has less harmful impact on human
health
– Reduces emissions of unburned
hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide and particulate matter (smog)
• Biodegradable and nontoxic
– Less toxic than table salt and biodegrades as
fast
as sugar
– Biodiesel exhaust comparable to the smell of
French fries
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11. WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY???
•The word geothermal
originated from the Greek roots
geo means earth and thermos
means heat.
• In simple means, Geothermal
energy is thermal energy
generated and stored in the
Earth. Thermal energy is the
energy that is related to the
temperature of matter. MD ASIF AKBARI +91-7735168092

12. Concept behind Geothermal Energy
•Initially, the energy
transformed starts from way
down the Earth’s core – 4,000
miles down. At the
core, temperatures may reach
over 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
•One percent of the heat
contained in just the uppermost
10 kilometers of the earth’s
crust is equivalent to 500 times
the energy contained in all of
the earth's oil and gas
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resources.

13. WHAT DO POWER PLANTS USE IN
PRODUCING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY???
Dry Steam- Steam is produced directly
from the geothermal reservoir to run the
turbines that power the generator, and
no separation is necessary because wells
only produce steam. The image below is
a more simplified version of the process.
Flash Steam- Geothermally heated water
under pressure is separated in a surface
vessel (called a steam separator) into
steam and hot water (called “brine” in
the accompanying image). The steam is
delivered to the turbine, and the turbine
powers a generator. The liquid is injected
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back into the reservoir.

14. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY PRODUCTION AND USAGE?
•Geothermal energy does not produce any pollution, and does not contribute to
the greenhouse effect.
•The power stations do not take up much room, so there is not much impact on
the environment.
•Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80%
costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.
•Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of
geothermal energy. With the sky-rocketing prices of oil, many countries are
pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.
•Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for taking
bath, heating homes, preparing food and today this is also used for direct
heating of homes and offices.
•Geothermal energy on the other hand has created many jobs for the local
people.
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15. Need of Research
•The big problem is that there are not many places where you can build a
geothermal power station. You need hot rocks of a suitable type, at a
depth where we can drill down to them. The type of rock above is also
important, it must be of a type that we can easily drill through.
•Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from underground, and can
be difficult to safely dispose of.
•To get geothermal energy, requires installation of power plants, to get
steam from deep within the earth and this require huge one time
investment and require to hire a certified installer and skilled staff needs
to be recruited and relocated to plant location. Moreover, electricity
towers, stations need to set up to move the power from geothermal plant
to consumer.
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