Blood and donation facts

1. VALUES AND IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD DONATION
By
AJAL.A.J

2. WHAT IS SO WONDERFUL ABOUT
BLOOD?

3. Blood as a Scarce Resource
in the World
 75 million units of blood are donated each year75 million units of blood are donated each year
 500,000 women who die from complication of500,000 women who die from complication of
pregnancy each yearpregnancy each year
 150,000 die because of lack of blood.150,000 die because of lack of blood.
 80% of the worldwide population has access to80% of the worldwide population has access to
only 20% of safe blood.only 20% of safe blood.
 Only 16% of blood supply is donated by voluntary/Only 16% of blood supply is donated by voluntary/
non-remunerated blood donors in the worldnon-remunerated blood donors in the world
because of only family/replacement do in most ofbecause of only family/replacement do in most of
developing countries.developing countries. WHO Information Sheets, 2005

4. What is Blood?
• Specialized cells suspended in plasma
• Constantly circulating throughout body
• Carries oxygen and nourishment to cells and
removes waste products
• Supports body’s immune system and
capacity to heal itself

5. Components of Blood
• Whole blood contains 4 main elements:
• Red blood cells – carry oxygen to tissue
• Platelets – used in coagulation (clotting)
• Plasma – maintains blood volume and blood
pressure, and prevents excessive bleeding
• White blood cells – fight infection

6. Blood vessel
Plasma
RBCWBC Platelets
Blood

7. Functions of Blood
• RBC
Hemoglobin
Function: O2 delivery
Given to patients with low
Hemoglobin level.
Tissue

8. BLOOD
• Blood flows everywhere through
the human body.
• We cannot live without it.
• The heart pumps blood to all our
body cells, supplying them with
oxygen and food.
• Blood also carries proteins and
cell fragments called platelets
that let blood clot where there
has been an injury.

9. RED BLOOD CELLS
• Red blood cells carry oxygen to body
tissues and remove carbon dioxide.
• They are red because they contain a
protein called hemoglobin that is red
in color.
• Red blood cells are round and
thinner in the middle, like a balloon
that is partly filled with water. This
lets them squeeze through tiny
blood vessels without breaking.

10. PLATELETS
• If a blood vessel is cut, platelets
stick to the edges of the cut and
to one another, forming a plug
that stops bleeding.
• They then release chemicals
that react with fibrinogen and
other clotting proteins, leading
to the formation of a blood clot.
• The blood vessel can then heal
over the cut area.

11. Functions of Blood
– WBCs -------- defense
– RBCs -------- carry oxygen
– Platelets -------- stop bleeding

12. PLASMA
• Plasma is the liquid part of
your blood in which red
cells and platelets float.
• Plasma is mostly water,
but the proteins it
contains are necessary for
life.
• Some of of these proteins
are clotting proteins.
Plasma helps to carry …
nutrients
clotting factors
proteins

13. What is Blood Composed
of?
• CELLS
Red cells
White cells
Platelets
• FLUID
Plasma

14. Blood Group Compatibility

15.  Blood group
Determined by the presence
of different proteins on the
red cell membrane.
 A antigen- group A
 B antigen- group B
 A and B antigen- group AB
 None – group O
Group A Group B
Group AB Group O
Blood Group

16. Blood Types
• O- is the universal blood donor
• AB is the universal blood recipient
• O and A blood groups are always in high
demand but all are needed
• There is no ‘best’ blood type

17. Fact sheet
 A person has 5 - 6 litres of blood in their
body.
 A person can donate blood every 90 days
(3 months).
 Body recovers the Blood very quickly:
 Blood plasma volume– within 24 - 48 hours
 Red Blood Cells – in about 3 weeks
 Platelets & White Blood Cells – within minutes

18. BLOOD FACT
• A kidney transplant patient, on
average, will need one to two units
of red blood cells to get through
surgery.
• A heart transplant patient, on
average, will need four to six units of
red blood cells.

19. BLOOD FACT
• A liver transplant patient,
on average, will need six
to 10 units of red blood
cells, 20 units of plasma
and 10 units of platelets.

20. BLOOD FACT
• A newborn open-heart surgery, on
average, will need one to four units
of red blood cells, one to two units of
plasma, and one to four units of
platelets.

21. What is a blood bank?

22. National Blood Donor Month
January is National Blood Donor Month and according to the American Red Cross

23. VOLUNTARY
BLOOD DONORS
ALTRUISTIC

24.  4.5 million Indians lives are saved
by blood transfusions each year
Blood is always needed for,
 accident victims
 cancer patients
 blood disorder patients
 surgery patients
 Pre-mature, pre term babies
 and many others…….
Indication of blood donationIndication of blood donation

25. Safety ConcernsSafety Concerns
• Safety of Blood Donor & Blood Recipient
(patient) because “Safe Blood” gives life, “Unsafe
blood” gives infections
• To ensure “Blood SafetyBlood Safety”,
– Strict “Donor ScreeningDonor Screening” at the Camp
– “TestingTesting” of collected blood to WHO specified
standards
– Strict “cross-matchingcross-matching” of blood samples to ensure
safe transfusion to patient

26. Procedure for Voluntary Blood DonationProcedure for Voluntary Blood Donation
Pre-Donation:Pre-Donation:
1. Donor Screening
2. Donor Eligibility criteria
3. Donor Consent Form
4. Medical examination
Blood Donation:Blood Donation:
5. Blood donation procedure
Post donationPost donation
6. Rest, advice & refreshment
7. Donor Certificate, Donor ID card

27. Donor Eligibility Criteria
• Who can donate?
• Age: 18 - 60 years
• Weight : > 45 kgs
• Hemoglobin level: >12 gms/dl for men
and 12.5 gms/dl for women
• In good health
Wt > 45 KgWt > 45 Kg

28. Who CANNOT donate?
Life long 1 year 6 Months
х Abnormal bleeding disorder
х Heart, Kidney, Liver
Disorder
х Thyroid disorder
х Epilepsy, Mental disorders
х Tuberculosis, Leprosy,
х Asthma
х Cancer
х Insulin dependent diabetics
х Uncontrolled High BP
o Surgery
o Typhoid
o Dog bite
o Unexplained
weight loss
o Continuous
low grade fever
o Tattooing or body
piercing
o Dental extraction
o Root canal
treatment
o Malaria
o Vaccination

29. Female donors cannot donate blood……
• During pregnancy
• After delivery for one year
• When lactating
• During menstrual period and for 7 days there
after
Male donors cannot donate blood……
• If consumed Alcohol in the previous 24 hours

30. Blood Donation Procedure
Remember!
The Donor Must ….
• have had good rest / sleep
• have had light meal
• be mentally prepared

31. Post Donation AdvicePost Donation Advice
• Drink lots of fluids for next 24 hours
• Avoid smoking for one hour & alcohol till after a meal
• Don’t use elevator to go up immediately after donation as it will make
blood rush to your feet & make you dizzy!
• Avoid highly strenuous exercises & games for a day
• If you feel dizzy, lie down & put your feet up. You will be alright in 10-20
mins.
• Remove band-aid after 4 hours. If it bleeds, apply pressure & reapply
band-aid. If bruised and painful, apply cold-pack 4 to 5 times for 5 mins
each. The bruise is due to blood seeping into the surrounding tissue. It will
take a few days to get reabsorbed.
•

32. What It Takes To Give III:
• You should be in good health and feel well
• You should have had something to eat and
had adequate sleep
• You must also meet hemoglobin (iron)
requirements (test done at clinic)
• At the time of donation, you will be asked a
number of questions to determine your
eligibility

33. What It Takes To Give IV:
If you have You must wait before
donating
Had dental treatment
(extractions, fillings, cleaning,
restoration)
For cleaning or filling: until the day
after treatment
For extraction, root canal or dental
surgery: 72 hours provided there is
full recovery
A cold, flu or sore throat Full recovery
Had ear or body piercing
or tattooing
6 months

34. Uses of Blood
• Platelets – cancer patients, hemophiliacs,
etc.
• Red cells – anemia patients, cancer
patients, trauma patients etc.
• Plasma – serious burns, shock, cancer,
bone marrow therapy, etc.

35. How Much Blood Is Needed…
• Fractured hip/Joint replacement – 2 to 5
units
• Auto accident/Gunshot wound – up to 50
units
• Cancer treatment – up to 8 units per week
• Bleeding ulcer – 3 to 30 units
• Brain surgery – 4 to 10 units
• Cardiovascular surgery – 2 to 25 units
• Liver transplant – up to 100 units

36. The Donation Process
• Photo identification is presented to the
receptionist.
• First time donors will be given a “First Time
Donor” sticker to inform nurses to be more
attentive.
• Iron levels are checked when there is an
available nurse.
• A series of questions are provided on the
back of the donor’s information printout to
check eligibility.

37. The Donation Process II
• The donor must read the information presented about
testing for diseases, HIV symptoms, etc.
• A nurse takes the donor into a private room where more
questions are asked about the donor to further check
eligibility.
• Temperature and blood pressure are measured in the
room.
• Lastly, a ‘Yes, use my blood,’ or ‘No, don’t use my blood’
sticker is available for donors to put on their information
sheet in private, without the nurse present.

38. What can YOU do?
• Make Blood Donation a HABIT
• Donate regularly – every 3 months to
commemorate special days like birthdays,
anniversaries ….
• Motivate others to donate
• Refer your friends and relatives
Today
Save a life!
Today
Save a life!

39. Benefits to Donor of blood donation
Health benefits:
Regular donation (2-3 times a year….)
– Lowers cholesterol
– Lowers lipid levels
– Decreases incidence of heart attacks, strokes
Donor is also eligible to receive one FREE unit of
blood if needed for
– Self
– Spouse/ Child/ Parents, and
– Even friends

40. Benefits
Health + Money
Tests on:
hemoglobin level
blood pressure
body weight
hepatitis B
hepatitis C
Syphilis
HIV/AIDS

41. Blood Donation Camp-What
you should know

42. Blood Donation Camp-
Requirements from your side
• Suitable date, venue and number of donors expected
• Well lit, well ventilated, spacious area for registration and
medical check up, bleeding and refreshment
• Sufficient cots (or Tables) bleeding tables with chairs to each
bed
• Waste boxes under each bed
• Tables and chairs for registration, medical check up and extra
chairs for waiting donors
• Clean drinking water with disposable cups in camp area and
refreshment are
• Volunteers to help with registration and refreshments

43. References
1. American Red Cross http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-facts-and-
statistics
2. Chandramita Bora, Advantages of Donating Blood, 10.12.2011,
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-of-donating-blood.html
3. Blood types: Distribution stats,interesting facts,2011
http://bloodbanker.com/plasma/centers/category/blood-donation-terms/
4. A Free Pound of Dunkin Donuts Coffee For a Pint of Blood
Thursday, January 6, 2011, by Paula Forbes; http://eater.com/tags/blood-donation
5. A pint of ice cream for a pint of blood
Sunday, July 24, 2011 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYQCAAuCVTo
6 .Lack of blood donations proves costly for N.J. hospitals, January 07, 2009
http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/01/lack_of_blood_donations_proves.html

44. Give Blood and Save lives !!