What is blood collection what is blood banking 4 main blood groups Indian Blood banking senarios ABO

1. BLOOD BANKING
Dr.Nitin Khajotia
1937: Term "Blood Bank" Coined
Dr. Bernard Fantus at Chicago's Cook Co. Hospital coins the term "blood bank."

2. WHAT DOYOU UNDERSTAND BY
BLOOD BANKING ?
 Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of
humans and other vertebrates that delivers
necessary substances such as nutrients and
oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic
waste products away from those same cells.
 Blood banking is the process that takes place in
the lab to make sure that donated blood, or
blood products, are safe before they are used in
blood transfusions and other medical
procedures. Blood banking includes typing the
blood for transfusion and testing for infectious
diseases.

3. ACCORDING TO THE AMERICAN
ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD BANKS AS
OF 2013
 About 36,000 units of blood are needed every
day.
 The number of blood units donated is about
13.6 million a year.
 About 6.8 million volunteers are blood donors
each year.
 Annually, more than 21 million blood
components are transfused

4.  Each unit of blood is broken down into
components, such as red blood cells,
plasma, cryoprecipitated, Antihemophilic
Factor, and platelets.
 One unit of whole blood, once it's
separated, may be transfused to several
patients, each with different needs.
ACCORDING TO THE AMERICAN
ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD BANKS AS
OF 2013

5. WHO ARE THE BLOOD
DONORS ?
Most blood donors are volunteers.
However, sometimes, a patient may want
to donate blood a couple of weeks
before undergoing surgery, so that his or
her blood is available in case of a blood
transfusion.
Donating blood for yourself is called
an autologous donation.

6. Blood Donation

7. VOLUNTEER BLOOD DONORS
MUST PASS CERTAIN CRITERIA,
INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING:
• Must be at least 16 years
of age, or in accordance
with state law
• Must be in good health
• Must weigh at least 110
pounds / 50KGs
• Must pass the physical
and health history exam
given before donation

8. WHAT TESTS ARE DONE IN
BLOOD BANKING?
 Typing: ABO group (blood type)
 Rh typing (positive or negative antigen)
• Screening for any unexpected red blood cell
antibodies that may cause problems in the
recipient
 Irradiation to blood cells is performed to disable
any T-lymphocytes present in the donated blood.
 Leukocyte-reduced blood has been filtered to
remove the white blood cells that contain
antibodies that can cause fevers in the recipient
of the transfusion.

9. Blood Groups and Donation Criteria

10. SCREENING FOR CURRENT
OR PAST INFECTIONS,
INCLUDING:
• Hepatitis viruses B and C
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) I and
II
• Syphilis
• West Nile virus
• Chagas disease

11. WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS
OF BLOOD?
Red blood cells. These cells carry oxygen
to the tissues in the body and are
commonly used in the treatment of anemia.
Platelets. They help the blood to clot and
are used in the treatment of leukemia and
other forms of cancer.
White blood cells. These cells help to fight
infection, and aid in the immune process.

12. WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS
OF BLOOD?
•Plasma. The watery, liquid part of the blood
in which the red blood cells, white blood
cells, and platelets are suspended. Plasma
is needed to carry the many parts of the
blood through the bloodstream. Plasma
serves many functions, including the
following:
• Helps to maintain blood pressure
• Provides proteins for blood clotting
• Balances the levels of sodium and potassium

13. WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS
OF BLOOD?
•Cryoprecipitate AHF. The portion of the
plasma that contains clotting factors that
help to control bleeding.
Albumin, immune globulins, and clotting
factor concentrates may also be separated
and processed for transfusions.

14. LANDSTEINER’S LAW
 If an agglutinogen Is present In the red cells of a
blood, the corresponding agglutinin must be
absent from the plasma.
 If an agglutinogen Is absent In the red cells of a
blood, the corresponding agglutinin must be
present In the plasma.

16. FOR HOW LONG CANWE STORE
BLOOD PRODUCTS ?
 45 days: The current procedures allow red blood
cells to be stored for 45 days.
 Platelets can be stored for only 5-7 days
depending on the storage solution.
 Plasma can be stored frozen for a year. Red cells
can also be stored frozen for up to ten years.

17. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
 Safety Needles, 22g or less
 Butterfly needles. 21g or less
 Syringes
 Vacutainer tube holder
 Transfer Device 6. Blood CollectionTubes.
 The vacuum tubes are designed to draw a predetermined
volume of blood.
 Tubes with different additives are used for collecting blood
specimens for specific types of tests.

20. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
 The color of cap is used to identify these additives.
 Tourniquets. Single use, disposable, latex-free tourniquets
 Antiseptic. Individually packaged 70% isopropyl alcohol
wipes.
 Gauze
 Sharps Disposal Container. An OSHA acceptable, puncture
proof container marked "Biohazardous".
 Bandages or tape

22. THANK YOU