This document discusses the history and modern concepts of pediatric nursing. It defines pediatrics as the branch of medicine dealing with child health from conception to adolescence. Key figures who advanced pediatrics include Hippocrates, Kashyapa, and Abraham Jacob, considered the father of pediatrics. Major developments included the first pediatric hospitals in the 1800s and the establishment of organizations to promote child health internationally like UNICEF and WHO. Current pediatric nursing focuses on advocating for children and families, communicating with children, educating the public, and providing collaborative care. The growth of modern pediatrics has been driven by advances in medical science, basic science, public health initiatives, improved laws and facilities for children.

1. MODERN CONCEPTS
OF CHILD CARE
KALPANA SHEE
LECTURER, CHILD HEALTH NURSING
SUM NURSING COLLEGE
SIKSHA 'O' ANUSANDHAN
(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

2.  Greek word
 Pedia-child
 Iatrike-treatment
 Ics-branch of science

3. DEFINITION OF
PEDIATRICS
Pediatrics can be defined as the
branch of medical science that
deals with the care of the
children, from conception to
adolescence, in health and
illness. It is concerned with
preventive, promotive, curative
and rehabilitative care of
children.

4. DEFINITION OF PEDIATRIC NURSING
Pediatric nursing is defined as the specialized
area of nursing practice concerning the care of
children during wellness and illness, which
includes preventive, promotive, curative and
rehabilitative care of children.

5. IMPORTANCE OF PEDIATRICS
 Major consumers of health care.
 35-40% of total population are children below the age
group of 15.
 More vulnerable to various health problems.
 Majority of Childs morbidity and mortality preventable.
 Needs special care to survive.
 Wealth of tomorrows society and nation.

6. Historical background of child health
 Abraham Jacob is known as FATHER OF PEDIATRICS because
of his contribution to pediatrics.
 The first citation of quality of breast milk and child hygiene
was 225 BC. In Indian SUSURTA SAMHITA.
 Hippocrates a Greek philosopher also known as Father of
Modern Medicine has made significant contribution to
disease found in children.
 The first Indian pediatrician were Kashyapa and Jevaka. They
worked on children diseases and child care.

7. Abraham Jacob
Hippocrates
Kashyapa

8.  The first manuscript on management of children
diseases was written by Kashyapa and Samhita.
 Thereafter Susruta and Samhita wrote about ayurvedik
medicine that can be used for children. It was the first written
record of pediatrics anywhere in the world.
 Susruta was known as Indian Hippocrates. He wrote on childs
rearing practices, infants feeding and diseases of childhood.
 Charak was the physician of Peshawar. He wrote on care and
management of newborn in his Sansthan and Ashtanga-
hridaya.

9.  Arab physician Rhazes wrote the first book on the diseases of
children.
 In 147 book written on pediatrics named 2 ad.first.
 In 1545 Ad. Thomas phare wrote the book in english on childrens
disease.
 In 1802 first pediatics hospital was opened in Paris.
 In USA Children hospital of Philadelphia was opened.
 Pediatrics as speciality came into being in 1860 when Dr. Abraham
Jacob established first child clinic in new Yorkand started giving
special lectures on diseases on children.

10.  1880- pediatric section of American medical association was
organized.
 Children Hospital training school in San Francisco offered
formal classes to educate nurses in the care of ill children.
 During this period the role of the nurse was taking care of
children and they were responsible for maintaining nutrition,
hygiene and hydration.

13. 1935:the social security act for health and care of children became
law.
1940:Spits and Roberson identified the effects of Isolation and Asepsis,
maternal deprivation.
1946: TheUnited Nations International Children Emergency Fund was
created by United Nations. (UNICEF).
1948:The World Health Organization (WHO) was created .

14. 1 9 4 9 : The 14thgeneral assembly of the United Nations approved
the declaration of Child Rights.
1963: SOCIAL SECURITY ACT FOR MATERNAL AND
INFANT CARE.
1965: SOCIAL SECURITY ACT FOR COMPREHENSIVE
HEALTHCAREFORDEPRIVEDCHILDREN.

15. 1970- Health became a more comprehensive
concept. Nurses began to view children
holistically i.e., in relation to their biophysical,
cognitive affective and social needs.
1974-The child abuse and prevention Act &
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency prevention Act.
1975-Social security Act for children.

16. 1980-The Child Welfare Act.
1982: missing children act national computer
information network to identify missing
children.
1986-The National Child hood Vaccine
Injury Act.

17. • 1965- Elementary and secondary
Education Act.
•1973- Rehabilitation Act.
•1975- Education for all Handicapped
Children Act. (Mandated free appropriate
education for all children with disabilities
below 3-18 yrs old.

18. 1990- Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act (IDEA). – including autism
and traumatic brain injury. (Up to 21 years).
2001- No Child left behind Act.

19. Current concepts of Pediatric nursing
 Advocate for child and family.
 Communication for child.
 Activate the child activity.
 Disseminate information for child.
 Educate the public about child health.
 Motivate people in care of child.
 Investigate available resources.
 Collaborative care.

20. Factors responsible for growth of
modern pediatrics
 Progress of medical science.
 Development of the field of basic science.
 Increasing interests in fields of public health.
 Improved social laws.
 Improved health facilities.
 Emphasis on disease prevention and health promotions.

21.  Separate pediatric hospitals.
 Child welfare programmes.
 Health promotion and disease prevention growing realization
of social needs of children.
 Changing attitude of society towards younger members of
society.