student of Primer University at Chittagong in Bangladesh

1. MECHANICAL
EQUIPMENT
Assignment
SUBMITTED BY
ID NO :1901711600318
ID NO :2001811600335
ID NO :2001811600331
SUBMITTED TO
AR.MD IMRAN BIN HUSSAIN

2. Air Conditioning System
1) Window air-conditioning system
2) Split air-conditioning system
3) Centralized air-conditioning system
4) Package air-conditioning system
Centralized air-conditioning system
Types of Air Conditioning System
Central air conditions has a centralize duct system. Central air conditioning (or central A/C) is a system
in which air is cooled at a central location and distributed to and from rooms by one or more fans and
ductwork.The work of the air conditioner compressor is what makes the whole process of air
conditioning possible. The compression of the refrigerant gas enables it to discharge heat out of the
house, which is how the cool air is created. The chilled water types of central air conditioning plants are
installed in the place where whole large buildings, shopping mall, airport, hotel, etc comprising of
severalfloors are to be air conditioned.

3. Installation and Location of Air Conditioners
When installing a new central air conditioning system, be sure that your contractor:
•Allows adequate indoor space for the installation, maintenance, and repair of the new
system
•Ensures there are enough supply registers to deliver cool air and enough return air registers to
carry warm house air back to the air conditioner
•Installs duct work within the conditioned space, not in the attic, wherever possible
•Seals all ducts with duct mastic and heavily insulates ducts
•Locates the condensing unit where its noise will not keep you or your neighbors awake at
night, if possible
•Locates the condensing unit where no nearby objects will block airflow to it
•Verifies that the newly installed air conditioner has the exact refrigerant charge and airflow
rate specified by the manufacturer
•Locates the thermostat away from heat sources, such as windows or supply registers.

4. Chilled
Central Air
Conditioners

5. Various Parts of the central Air
Conditioning system
• Plant Room
• Air HandlingUnit Rooms
• Air ConditionedRooms
• Cooling Tower

6. 1. Plant Room:
The Plant Room Comprises Of All The Important ComponentsOf The Chilled Water Air Conditioning Plant. These
Include The Compressor, Condenser, Thermostatic Expansion ValveAnd The Evaporator Or The Chiller. The
Compressor Is Of Open Type And Can Be Driven By The Motor Directly Or By The Belt Via Pulley Arrangement
Connected To The Motor. It Is Cooled By The Water Just Like The AutomotiveEngine.TheCondenser And The
Evaporator AreOf Shell And Tube Type. The Condenser Is Cooled By The Water, With Water Flowing Along The Shell
Side And Refrigerant Along The Tube Side.The Thermostatic Expansion ValveIs Operated Automatically By The
Solenoid Valve.TheEvaporator Is Also Called As The Chiller, Because It Chills The Water. If The Water Flows Along
The Shell Side And Refrigerant On The Tube Side, It Is Called As The Dry Expansion Type Of Chiller. If The Water Flows
Along Tube Side And The Refrigerant Along The Shell Side, It Is Called As The Flooded Chiller. The Water Chilled In
The Chiller Is Pumped To VariousParts Of The Building That Are To Be Air Conditioned. It Enters The Air Handling Unit,
Cools The Air In Cooling Coil, AbsorbsThe Heat And ReturnsBack To The Plant Room To Get Chilled Again.The
Amount Of Water Passing IntoThe Chiller Is Controlled By The Flow Switch.n The Central Air Conditioning Plant
Room All The Components, The Compressor, Condenser, Thermostatic Expansion Valve,And The Chiller Are
Assembled In The StructuralSteel Framework Making A Complete Compact Refrigeration Plant, Known As The
Chiller Package. Piping Required To Connect These Parts Is Also Enclosed In This Unit Making A Highly Compact
Central Air Conditioning Plant.
2.Air Handling Unit Rooms:
The air handling units are installed in the variousparts of the building that are to be air conditioned, in the
place called air handling unit rooms. The air handling units comprise of the cooling coil, air filter, the blower
and the supply and return air ducts. The chilled water flows through thecooling coil. The blower absorbs the
return hot air from the air conditioned space and blows it over thecooling coil thuscooling the air. This
cooled air passes over theair filter and is passed by the supply air ducts into the space which is to be air
conditioned. The air handling unit and the ducts passing through it are insulated to reduce the loss of the
cooling effect.

7. 3.Air Conditioned Rooms:
These are the rooms or spaces that are to be air conditioned. These can be residential or hotel rooms, halls, shops,
offices, complete theater,variouspartsof the airport etc. At the top of these rooms the supply and the return air
ducts are laid. The supply air ductssupply the cool air to the room via one set of the diffusers, while the return air
ducts absorbs the hot return air from the room by another set of the diffusers. The hot return air enters the air
handling unit, gets cooled and again enters the room via supply duct to produce air conditioning effect.
4.Cooling Tower:
The cooling tower is used to cool the water that absorbs heat from the compressor and the condenser. When
water flows through thesecomponents some water gets evaporated,to make up this loss some water is also
added in the cooling tower. The cooling tower is of evaporativetype.Here the water is cooled by the atmospheric
air and is re-circulated through thecompressor and the condenser.

8. Central air-
conditioning
system in
building

9. Case Study on
central air
conditioning
Sanmar Ocean City shopping
mall,CDA Avenue,
Nasirabad ,Chittagong.

10. Plant Room:
Cooling tower
Evaporator or chiller
compressor
Condenser fan

11. Air Handling Unit

12. Duct is supply to Air
ConditionedRooms
Duct

13. A transportation system can be defined as the
combination of elements and their interactions, which
produce the demand for travelwithin a given area
and the supply of transportation servicesto satisfy this
demand. This definition is general and flexible enough
to be applied to different contexts.
Types of building transport.
There are two types of building transport system
namely Vertical Transport System and Horizontal Transport
System.
Forms of mechanical transportation may
be found within, around and in general
association with modern buildings and
developments
• Lifts
• Escalators
• Travolatorsor moving pavements
• Considered a requirement in all buildings
over threestoreys
• Minimum standard of service – one lift
for everyfour storeys with a maximum
distance of 45 m to the lift lobby
• Floor space estimates and car capacity
can be based on an area of 0.2 m2 per
person
Transportation system

14. Elevators
An elevator or lift is a machine that vertically transports
people or freight between levels.
Generally Two Categories
Traction ( Electric )
✓ Virtually limitless rise ( high & mid rise )
✓ High speeds , but high installation cost
Hydraulic
✓ Limited to heightsof about 60 ft . ( 6 stories )
✓ Lower speeds
✓ Lower initial cost higher power consumption
Geared traction elevators contain a single
gearbox which is attached to the AC or DC
motor. This gearbox is latched onto the motor will
propel a wheel rotates to movethe rope. The
geared traction elevator is utilized for mid-rise
buildings up to 300 feet in height.
Traction ( Electric )
Geared traction
The gearless machine will haveits wheel attached
directly onto the electric motor to instantaneously
rotate the drivesheave.As the drivesheaverotates,
the elevator cab will raise and lower accordingly.
Geared traction

15. gearless traction elevatorsmoveat speeds of up to
2,000 feet per minute. This is significantly faster than
geared models, enabling passengers to travel
throughout your building much more efficiently
Gearless traction
gearless traction
Gearless material lifting machines can moveat a speed of up to
610 meters per minute and movea distance of up to 600 meters.
Geared lifts, on the other hand,can moveat a speed of 152 m
per minute and a maximum height of 75 meters. Both geared
and gearless Power Transmission Products havethe same load
capacity

16. Case Study
on Elevator
Sanmar Ocean City shopping
mall,CDA Avenue,
Nasirabad ,Chittagong.

17. Geared traction Gearless traction
Geared maching
Controlsystemof
geared maching
Gearless maching
Control system of
geared maching

18. Majorcomponent
Maching room
Cabs
Hoistway/Pits

19. A hydrauliclift is a devicefor moving objects using force
created by pressure on a liquid inside a cylinder that moves a
piston upward. Incompressible oil is pumped into the cylinder,
which forces the piston upward.When a valveopens to release
the oil, the piston lowers by gravitationalforce
Hydraulic Lift
HYDRAULICLIFT
A lift where the verticalmovement is done by hydraulic
force.
They use an underground cylinder common for low
level buildings with 2-5 floors (up to 6-8 floors)
•havespeeds of up to 200 feet/minute (1
meter/second)
GLASS LIFT
• Givepassengers a visually stimulating ride between
floors.
• The car walls must be constructed with laminated
glass
The glass lift consist of entrancearea and a viewing
area
A passenger lift is a type of lift that is designed to take passengers
up and down a verticallift shaft. Cabin and shaft sizes can vary
in a passenger lift, but they are usually completely enclosed.
Possible lifting mechanisms for a passenger lift include
pneumatic, traction and hydrauliclifting methods.
Passenger Lift

20. GOODS ELEVATORS
Elevator designed to carry goods , rather than
passengers . Freight elevators are typically
larger and capable of carrying heavier loads
than a passenger elevator , generally from
2,300-4,500 kg
STRECHER ELEVATOR
Strecher elevator also cater to the health sector
by providing specialized range of Stretcher
Elevators suited for application in hospitals ,
health centers and other similar places
CAPSULE ELEVATORS
Capsule Elevators act as Architectural highlights
on prestigious buildings . They can be called the
ornaments of a building as they enhance its
beauty and bring life into it
24 inches by 84 inches
The medical emergency service elevator shall
accommodate the loading and transport of two
emergency personnel, each requiring a minimum
clear 21-inch (533 mm) diameter circular area and
an ambulance gurney or stretcher [minimum size
24 inches by 84 inches (610 mm by 2134 mm) with
not less than 5-inch (127 mm) radius

21. Components of lift
Control room
Guides
Lift car
Lift car door
Car rail
Counter weight
Control panel
Lift pit
Buffer
Hoist way
Hoist rope
Ventilation window
Flexible cable
Drivecrank
GOVERNOR
Usually placed at the top of lift
shaft Placed in room equipped
with a lifting beam for
maintenance purposes . Have
electric motor , safety gear ,
guard rail , diaphragm
motion and gear

22. LIFT CAR: Platform where passengers or goods is
transported .
Passenger elevatorsshould be located at the
circulation core of the building .
minimum width and depth of the car shall be 2000 mm
and 1291 mm . ( for wheel chair )
Height of the entranceshall not be less than 2 m the lift
car
• The rails shall be at least 38 mm clear of the walls
• nominal height of 800 mm from the floor .
counterweight :
• To grip the lift car
• Reduce the power of generator
• Reduce the brake to stop the car lifts
LIFT SHAFT :
Constructed with reinforced concrete .
DesignConsideration:Lift Doors

23. Design Consideration : Lift Arrangements

24. Escalators
Escalator = Elevator + Scala (Steps)
Nathan Ames, of Saugus, Massachusetts,in the US, invented thefirst
escalator in 1859.H
• An escalator is a moving staircase – a conveyor transportdevicefor carrying people between floors
of a building.
• The deviceconsists of a motor-driven chain of individual, linked steps that moveup or down on
tracks, allowing the step treads to remain horizontal/
• Escalators are used around the world to movepedestrian traffic in placeswhere elevatorswould be
impractical. Principal areas of usage include department stores, shopping malls, airports, transit
systems, convention centers, hotels, arenas, stadiums and public buildings.
Types of Escalators
Parallel Escalator
Multi parallel Escalator
Criss cross Escalator
Difference between escalator and elevator
Elevators,or lifts, carry passengers and freight up and down; escalators are moving staircases from
one story of a building to the next; and moving sidewalks carry people horizontally or at a slight
incline.

25. Parallel Escalator
Parallel Escalator
A parallel escalator is an escalator that is side by side with another. The two escalators movein the samedirection
and at the samespeed. This escalator increases capacity, especially in crowded areas like shopping malls or train
stations.

26. Crisscross escalators are a relatively new type of
escalator that is becoming increasingly popular
in cities worldwide. These escalators have two
moving walkways crisscross each other at 90°
angles and in opposite directions, allowing
passengers to move between floors quickly.
Crisscross Escalators

27. Multiples parallel two or more Escalators are those escalators that travelin the same direction
simultaneously next to one or two escalators that travelin the other direction. Escalators must havea
moving handrail to keep pace with the speed of the stairs.
Multi-parallel Escalator

28. Escalator layout and dimention

29. Escalator dimention Escalator Types

30. Case Study
on Escalator
Sanmar Ocean City shopping
mall,CDA Avenue,
Nasirabad ,Chittagong.

31. Escalator types
parallel escalator in
shopping mall
Upper Machine
Room:
Upper Sprocket
Control Panel
Drive Unit
Drive chain

32. Thank you