This presentation includes the definition, purpose, components of communication process, modes of communication, verbal and non verbal communication, principles of communication, channel of communication, organization, horizontal and vertical communication, factors affecting and barrios of communication

2. COMMUNICATION IN
MANAGEMENT
Presented To
Madam Zarnigar
Presented By
Muhammad Abrar

3. COMMUNICATION
IN MANAGEMENT

4. COMMUNICATION
DEFINITION
 Communication is a process by which
information is exchanged between
individuals through a common system of
symbols & signs of behavior.
PURPOSE
 Send message effectively to the
receiver/reader, and links people who
believe in a common cause, together with a
view to strengthen relationship.

5. COMPONANTS OF
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
 REFERENT/SENDER: (Initiator of the
message)(Encoder, Deliverer)
 ECODE: (Process of translating an
intended message into words and
gesture.)
 RECEIVER: (Person with whom the
message is exchanged)(Decoder, Receiver)
 DECODE: (Process of translating symbols
into the interpreted message)

6.  MESSAGES: Encoding process outcome, which consists
of verbal and non verbal symbols developed to convey
meaning to the receiver(content of the communication)
 CHANNELS/MEDIUM: Method used to convey the
message to the intended receiver(means of conveying &
receiving, through, visual, auditory, tactile)
 NOISE: (Any factor in the communication process
interfering with exchanging messages and achieving
common meaning)
 FEEDBACK: Receiver's basic response to the
interpreted message(message returned by the receiver)

7.  INTERPERSONAL VARIABLE: (Factors that
influence communication)
 ENVIRONMENT: (Setting)

9. MODES OF COMMUNICATION
VERBAL: Written or oral use of words to communicate
e.g. Face to face, letter. memoranda, reports, resumes,
written telephone messages, newsletter and manuals
NONVERBAL: Communication by means of elements
and behaviors that are not coded into words e.g.
Kinesics behaviors, proxemics, paralanguages, object
language

10. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
 KINESICS BEHAVIOR: Body movements such as gesture,
facial expression, eye movements and postures.
 PROXEMICS: Influence of proximity and space on
communication e.g. manager may arrange their offices
with an informal area where people can sit without feeling
the spatial distance and formality of a big desk
 PARALANGUAGE: Vocal aspects of communication that
relate to how something is said rather than to what is said
e. g. voice quality and tone, laughing, yawning etc.
 OBJECT LANGUAGE: Communicative use of material
things. e.g. clothing cosmetic, furniture, architecture etc.

11. PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
 Communication is a two way process of giving and
receiving information through any number of channels
 Whether one is speaking informally to a colleagues,
addressing a conference or meeting, writing a
newsletter article or formal report.
 These are the basic principles of communication:
 Know your audience
 Know your purpose
 Know your topic

12.  Anticipate objections
 Present a rounded picture
 Achieve a credibility with your audience
 Follow through on what you say
 Communicate a little at a time
 Present information in several ways
 Develop a practical, useful way to get feedback
 Use multiple communication techniques

13. CHANNEL OF COMMUNICATION
FORMAL COMMUNICATION INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
Vertical and horizontal
communication which follows
paths specified by the official
hierarchical organization
structure and related task
requirement
Communication which takes place
without regard to hierarchical or
task requirements
Used in a professional setting Usually used with friends and
family
Pronounce words correctly Contains shortened version of
words
No slang(words which have no
meaning)
Contains slang words

14. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
 Organizational communication representing
potential established medium through which
managers and other organization members can
send and receive information
 Following communication channels using
organization:

15. VERTICAL COMMUNICATION HORIZONTAL
COMMUNICATION
Involving message exchange
between two or more levels
of the organizational
hierarchy
Involving a message
exchange between same
level or departments at
different hierarchical levels
DOWN WARD
COMMUNICATION
Flowing from a higher level
to one or more levels in the
organization
LATERAL COMMUNICATION
Between individual or
departments at hierarchical
level(e.g. Nurse Manager,
Departmental Heads)
UPWARD COMMUNICATION
Flowing from a lower level to
one or more higher levels in
the organization
DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION
Between individual or
departments at different
hierarchical levels(e.g. staff
nurse to chief of the Medical

16. FACTORS INFLUENCING COMMUNICATION
 Physical health and well being
 The situation being discussed and its
meaning
 Distractions to the communication
process
 Knowledge of the matter being discussed
 Skill at communicating
 Attitude towards the other person and
toward the subject discussed
 Personal needs and interests

17. FACTORS INFLUENCING
COMMUNICATION
 Background, including cultural, social and philosophical
values
 The sense involved and their functionally
 Personal tendency to make judgments and be judgmental
of others
 The environment in which the communication occurs
 Experience that relate to the current situation

18. BARRIER TO COMMUNICATION
 SERAIAL COMMUNICATION
Loss of meaning as message pass along and through the chain of
communicators(transmitter an receivers)
 STATUS DIFFERENCES
Differences between the interests of managers and employees,
the formality of the relationship, and competition between
managers.
 SOCIAL CONFIRMITY
The pressure of “groupthink”—the tendency to support the
opinion of the group even when that opinion appears to
contradict reality or rationally

19.  SPATIAL CONFIRMITY
Problem that arise from the constraints of physical
locality in which the distance between people
determines the form, number and effect of
communications
 DEFENSIVENESS
A self protection mechanism in which the listener's
response to the speaker's statements are based on what
the listener perceives the speaker expects to or prefers
to hear as a response.
 CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
Cultures have differential preferences for ambiguity and
precision in language, making it important for leaders to
try to understand why people say what they say.

20. ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN
LEADERSHIP

21. ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN
LEADERSHIP
 Communication is essential to leadership
 The process of leadership depends critically on the
mutual communication between and influence of,
leaders and followers
 The leader's vision must be communicated to
followers if the latter are to help make the vision a
reality
 Business leaders spend most of their time
communicating networking to secure support for
actions and ensuring that subordinates carry them
out.