Alone, we can do so little; together we can do so much. ...

1. Definitions
What is Communication?
• The word communicate comes from the Latin
verb “Communicare” that means;
o to impart
o to participate
o and to share
1

2. Definitions:
What Is Communication?
Communication is the process of sharing our
ideas, thoughts, and feelings with other
people and having those ideas, thoughts, and
feelings understood by the people we are
talking with.
When we communicate we speak, listen, and
observe
2

3. What Is Communication?
• Conscious and Intentional
– Nonverbal
– Verbal
• Unconscious and Unintentional
– Nonverbal
– Verbal
3

4. The Communication Process:
Feedback
Feedback allows the sender to clarify the message if its
true meaning is not received.
 Two-way Communications – communication channels that provide for
feedback.
 One-way Communications – communication channels that provide no
opportunity for feedback.

7. Basic Communication Model
For communication to exit there must be at least four elements.
1. A sender / encoder
2. A receiver / Decoder
3. Message
4. Channel/Medium
Speaker encoding message decoding listener
In successfull communication
sent =received
7

8. The Communication Process
12/12/2019 8

9. Communication Model
9

10. Basic Communication Model cont’d..
Encoder/ sender
– Encodes the message
– Chooses appropriate channel
– Solicits feedback
– Attempts to minimize the noise
Encoding: the process of transferring the information you want to
communicate into a form that can be sent and correctly decoded at the
other end
Decoder / receiver
– Decodes the message
– Practices active listening
– Provides feedback
Decoding: the process where the message is interpreted for its content.
10

11. Communication Processes and Types
Types of
Communication
Verbal
Listening
Non Verbal
Communication
Spoken/written Body language/signs Listening/reflective
11

12. New technologies and communication
Evolution of Communication
12

13. 13

15. Psychological Barrier:
Physical and
Environmental barriers:
Cross culture barries:

16. Barriers to effective communication
Sending:
Lack of gestures, tone of voice, ambigious words
!: Convey the importance of the message.
Environment:
Noise.Physical obstacles, inadequency of the channels,
Receiving:
Misinterpretion of any word or behaviour, perceptual
filter which reflect all our past experinces and learning
16

17. Problems in Sending
• using technical words for communication to
nontechnical people
• forgetting that the visual and vocal elements
are the most important, words less.
• Ignoring the situation, expectencies and
interests of the listener according to their
expertise.
17

18. Noise in the environment
• Noise creates distortions of the message and
prevents it from being understoood the way
was intended
• Noises may be ringing telephones, honking
horns, messy, chaotic surroundings etc.
• Time, inapropriate time may be an obstacle to
give message clearly.Friday afternoon is not
proper for a heavy meeting.
18

19. Perception Problems
• Listeners ability to understand.
• Lack of attention, inattentive or bored
listeners
• Emotional state, stress, fear, anxiety, anger,
• Financial pressures
• Prejudgements
• Be sure that the receiver is “on”
19

20. The importance of business
communication
• Time is money&time has a cost
• Time is limited with project
deadlines,workhours
• Businesspeople are not our family or friends
• Business is not a game or joke but serious
• It is a half-diplomatic environment
• We may need any person in our career path
with the nice memories about us.
20

22. Managing Organizational
Communications
Face-to-Face
Communication
Written
Communication
Electronic
Communication
Informal
Communication

24. FORMAL CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATIONS
All formal communications are broadly classified as:
1. Horizontal communication.
2. Vertical communication:
(a)Downward communication.
(b)Upward communication.

29. Advantages
downward communication
• It helps to maintain discipline
within an organisation. Since
the levels of authority are
determined and clear-cut,
each person knows that he is
accountable to his immediate
senior.
• The seniors also know exactly
the amount of authority they
wield, and so they are
confident while issuing
instructions and orders to
juniors.
upward communication
• It is a part of a two-way
process which promotes
better understanding between
management and employees.
• Upward communication
develops ‘employer-employee’
relations.

30. Disadvantages
downward communication
• In downward
communication the lines of
communication are often
too long.
• Message gets distorted
sometimes.
• Some information is
confidential and cannot be
communicated downwards.
upward communication:
• Only agreeable information
is communicated upwards.
• Upwards communication
tends to travel slowly as it is
diluted or edited at each
level before it is sent
Can move freely.

31. BASIS FOR COMPARISON UPWARD COMMUNICATION DOWNWARD
COMMUNICATION
Meaning Upward communication is
the line of communication
through which subordinates
can convey information, to
their seniors.
Downward communication is
the formal chain of command
established to direct
subordinates and convey
information, pertaining to
organization's objectives,
policies and strategies.
Nature Participative and Appellative Authoritative and Directive
Flow Subordinate to superior. Superior to subordinate.
Purpose To make complaints or
appeal, give feedback and
suggestions
To give orders, instructions,
advice or assign
responsibilities.
Frequency Low Comparatively high
Examples Reports, direct letters and
proposals
Circulars and Notices

32. INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
Grapevine
Communication
 Here the information flows in
any order i.e. , no horizontal or
vertical flow of communication.
 Spreads very rapidly in all
channels of communications.
 It provides feedback to the
organisation, reaches everyone.
 It can be harmful as information
can be baseless.
 . It is mostly incomplete.

33. BASIS FOR COMPARISON FORMAL
COMMUNICATION
INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION
Meaning A type of verbal communication
in which the interchange of
information is done through the
pre-defined channels is known as
formal communication.
A type of verbal communication
in which the interchange of
information does not follow any
channels i.e. the communication
stretches in all directions.
Another Name Business Communication Grapevine communication
Reliability More Comparatively less
Speed Slow Very Fast
Evidence As the communication is
generally written, documentary
evidence is present.
No documentary evidence.
Time Consuming Yes No
Advantage Effective due to timely and
systematic flow of information.
Efficient because employees can
discuss work related problems,
this saves time and cost of the
organization.
Disadvantage Distortion due to long chain of
communication.
Spread of rumors
Flow of Information Only through predefined
channels.
Can move freely.

34. Referance
• https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&safe=active&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=2-
ocXZT0CuC8vASdqrmoDg&q=ggod+communication+skill&oq=ggod+communication+skill&gs_l=img.3...513753.519847..520
539...0.0..0.152.3257.1j25......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0..35i39j0i67j0j0i10j0i10i24.RZblR-k0a10#imgrc=isGjrS9bRwVAMM:
• https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&safe=active&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=aukcXeLcJaHcz7sPscqBsAc&q=communic
ation+barriers&oq=communication+b&gs_l=img.1.1.0l7j0i67j0l2.360404.364503..366351...0.0..0.151.431.0j3......0....1..gws-
wiz-img.......35i39.w6_C1XoWWXI#imgrc=yw1aMeY_M7ZFtM:
• file:///C:/Users/Nikhil/Downloads/channelsofcommunication-140327112949-phpapp01.pdf