Orders of Reptiles

1. REPTILES
Presented by : M. Zeeshan ullah
Rollno : 23725
Presented to: Mam Hifza Batool
Subject : Invertebrates

2. Classification Of Reptiles
1 Order Testudines :
( Turtles )
2. Order Rhyncocphelia :
Tuatra ( Sphenodon Punctalus )
3. Order Crocodilea :
( Crocodiles , Gariales , Aligators , Caimans )
4. Order Squamata ;
{ Lizards , Snakes , Warm Lizards ( Legless )}

3. 1. Order Testudines ( Turtles )
All kinds of turtles belong to order Testudines.
 Turtles have 225 species, They have a
bony shell.
 Exoskeleton ( Outside of the body )
 Limbs articulated internally with ribs.
 Teeth are absent, They have Keratinized
beak.
 They have short , broad body.
 Their shell consists of a dorsal carapace
and ventral Plastron.

4. Cervical vertebrea :
S-Shaped and 8 numbers of Cervical vertebrea.
Life span :
Commonly more than 14 Years.
Sexual Maturity after seven or eight years.
Reproduction :
All are Oviparous. Females make nest by hindlimbs, and there they lay the eggs.
Their clutches contain (5 - 100 eggs). They cover eggs with soil.
No parental care of offspring.
Hatching Duration :
4 weeks , No parental care.
Why Turtles conservation programs started ?
Slow rate of growth.
Long juvinile period ( Immature period )
Hunting / Predations.

5. 2. Order Rhyncocephalia :( Tuatra )
Only one surviving species called Tuatra (
Sphnodon punctalus ).
Morphology: Lizard like animals. Especially
unchanged from extinct relatives.
Found during Mesozoic era ( 65 to 225
million years ), nearly 200 million years ago.
Two rows of teeth in upper jaw. They bite the birds with these teeth.
Decipitation :
 Breaking of neck of small bird with these two rows of teeth.

6. Geographical Distribution :
It was widely distributed in New Zealand. It is protected by
New Zealand law.
Reproductive Behaviour :
It is oviparous and it shares nest with sea birds.
Tuataras come out of their burrows at dusk and dawn.
Feeding :
Feed on insects or sometimes on small vertebrates.

7. 3. Order Crocodilia
( Crocodles, Allidators, Gavials, Caimans )
• The order Crocodilia has 21 species.
• Dinosours and Crocodilians are derived
from the archosaurs group.
They have triangular eye orbits.
They have literally compressed teeth.
Crocodilians not changed over 170
millions years of history.

8.  Snout :
Their snout is elongated, used for food capturing.
 Nostrils :
The nostrils are at the tips of the snout. Thus animal
can breathe when it is mostly submerged ( ‫ڈوبا‬
‫ھوا‬ )
 Air Passage way:
Air passage way open into rear of the mouth and throat. There is a flap of tissue near
the back of the tongue forms a water tight seal, which allow breathing without water
inhaling.
 Secondary Plate : Separate nasal and mouth in Archosaurs.
 Tail : Muscular , Elongated laterally compressed tail. Used for swimming, Offensive
and defensive on the pray.
 Teeth : Seizing prey , Prey swallowed as whole, But large
prey hold with its limbs. It rotate and tears it into small pieces.
 Reproductive Behaviour :
All are oviparous .
Parental care for hatchings like birds.

9. 4. Order Squamata
The Order squamata is divided into three suborders.
 Suborder Sauria :
( Lizards )
 Suborder Serpentes :
( Snakes )
 Suborder Amphisbaenia :
( Worm lizards )

10. a). Suborder Suaria : ( Liards )
• 3,300 species of lizards.
• Two pairs of legs.
• Their upper and lower jaws are united anteriorly.
• Few lizards are legless. But they remnants ( ‫بچا‬
‫ھوا‬
‫حصہ‬ ) of
pectoral girdle and sternum.
• Size: few cm to 3m in length.
• Habitat: Rocks, Burrowers, Tree Dwellers.
• Lizards are Oviparous, Oviviparous, Oviviparous. Deposit eggs
under Rocks or logs, in barrows, litters etc.

11. Examples :
Geckos:
Common lizard, wall of human home, Noucternal
( ‫جو‬
‫رات‬
‫کو‬
‫باھر‬
‫نکلتی‬ ) ,Pupils contract during
day time, and relax at night time. Have a
adhesive disks.
Iguanas:
Robust ( ‫)سخت‬ body, Short neck, Distinct
( ‫بڑا‬
،
‫نمایا‬ ) head. Mostly exist in Island ,
and South Asia.
Chameelons:
It is found in Africa and India.