Dr. Daniel Andersen - Getting the Most from Your Manure
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Getting the Most from Your Manure - Dr. Daniel Andersen, Iowa State University, from the 2016 Missouri Pork Expo, February 9-10, 2016, Columbia, Missouri, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-missouri-pork-expo
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Dr. Daniel Andersen - Getting the Most from Your Manure
- 1. Getting the Most from Your Manure Daniel Andersen, PhD, EIT Ag. and Biosystems Engineering Dept. Iowa State University dsa@iastate.edu
- 2. Changes in Hog Production 2
- 4. How has this changed? 4 0 200,000,000 400,000,000 600,000,000 800,000,000 1,000,000,000 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 Nitorgen(kg) Year Crop Capacity Available Manure Nutrients Manure as excreted
- 8. Switching Gears – What’s Manure Worth 8 • Typical Swine Manure – 50-35-25 pounds N, P2O5, K2O per 1000 gallons • Ammonia - $726.14 per ton ($0.44/lb N) • Potash - $476.75 per ton ($0.40/lb K2O) • MAP - $605.25 per ton ($0.49/lb P2O5) • About $49 worth of nutrient value per 1000 gallons
- 9. 9 • But are we capturing that value? – Getting it to the right field, at the right amount, at the right time, and in the right way? – Minimizing losses of N before and as we apply? Lot’s of Potential Value
- 10. How far can we haul? 10 Break-Even Hauling Distance (miles) Swine Slurry Dairy Slurry Beef Solids Layer Manure Turkey Litter All Nutrients 12 (5-20) 8 (2 -13) 14 (9-20) 25 (16-34) 16 (13-19) N Only 1 (0-4) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (0-3) 2 (1-2) P & K Only 5 (0 -10) 6 (2-11) 11 (8-13) 21 (13-28) 11 (9-13)
- 11. What are we seeing 11 • Fewer lagoons, more pits • Higher N content – More DDGS in diet – Lower water wastage • Lower P content – More DDGS in diet – More phytase in diet • Lower Application Rates
- 12. Watering System Impact Waste Volume • Gate-mounted Nipple Drinker (GMND) • Swinging Nipple Drinker (~ 15% reduction vs. GMND) • Stainless-steel Bowl (~ 20% reduction vs. GMND) • Wet-Dry Feeders (~ 30% reduction vs. GMND)
- 13. Wet-Dry Feeder
- 14. Increase in Phytase Use 14
- 15. Is P Level Getting too low? 15 • Corn-Soybean Rotation – Want about 150 lbs N to 100 lbs P2O5 (3:2) • Corn-Corn Rotation – Want about 200 lbs N to 50 lbs P2O5 (4:1) • Average Swine Manure – Have about 50 lbs N to 35 lbs P2O5 (3:2) • Low P Swine Manure – Have about 50 lbs N to 15 lbs P2O5 (3:1)
- 16. Soil P: Moving beyond P application restrictions 16
- 17. Changes in Manure Storages 17
- 18. • Nitrogen Retention in Different Manure-Handling Systems Estimated Nitrogen Retention
- 19. What’s new in manure application equipment?
- 23. Manure Sampling 23 Value of information is the amount of money a decision maker would be willing to pay for the information prior to making a decision.
- 24. Corn Response to Nitrogen 24 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 50 100 150 200 250 Yield(%ofMax) Nitrogen Application Rate (kg N/ha) Corn after Soybean Corn after Corn
- 25. Example 25 Year Nitrogen Content (kg N/1000 L) 2010 8.4 2011 7.2 2012 9.8 2013 6.2 Average 7.9± 1.6 2014 9.2
- 26. Results 26 Manure Type Rotation Pre-application During application N limited P limited N limited P limited —————————$ ha-1——————— Swine Slurry Corn-Soybean $19.94 $22.09 $3.38 $22.07 Corn-Corn $30.66 $10.62 $8.37 $10.62 Layer Manure Corn-Soybean $32.66 $14.37 $9.92 $14.37 Corn-Corn $50.04 $6.78 $20.45 $6.78 Dairy Slurry Corn-Soybean $29.72 $9.82 $27.44 $9.82 Corn-Corn $67.83 $4.93 $50.46 $4.93 Beef Feedlot Scrapings (Earthen Lot) Corn-Soybean $31.54 $7.13 $13.94 $7.13 Corn-Corn $50.20 $3.72 $27.48 $3.72
- 28. Versus Adding Nutrient Separation 28
- 29. Manure Application Costs • Application costs a function of: – Manure application rate – Manure transport distance – Distance Surcharge of $0.01 per kg manure per km transported 29 y = 0.1456x-0.33 R² = 0.9935 y = 0.011x-0.138 R² = 0.9387 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0 30000 60000 90000 120000 ApplicationCost($/L) Application Rate (L/ha) Injection Broadcast
- 30. Developed Spreadsheet Tool for Calculations Tool lets user input: Animal type (currently swine or dairy) Number of Animals Separation efficiency Nutrient application rates Model outputs: Amount of land needed Estimated manure application costs with and without separation Tells user price saved in $/L *Cost to treat has to be less than money saved to be economically feasible 30
- 31. Example of Output 31 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0 20 40 60 80 100 LandApplicationCost ($/L) % of Manure Nutrients in Specified Volume In 1% In 5% In 10% In 20% Swine finishing operation 4000 head with deep pit storage Nitrogen limited application
Editor's Notes
- D.S. Andersen
- In determining the value of the manure test, it is important to understand how having this information alters the farmer’s nutrient management and affects farm profit. Input costs: cost estimates of field activities, the cost of purchased inputs (herbicide and seed) the sale price of corn, the cost of synthetic N fertilizer, maximum potential yield, and the response of the corn to the applied N. N (MRTN) or P (P removal rate) selected Book N values w/ st dev, A normal probability distribution function was used to assess the percent chance of different nutrient application rates occurring. Pre or during application Pre: select rate based on results During: apply more synthetic N if under applied Result: producer saves money by ensuring that nutrients are applied at crop needs so yields and therefore profits are maximized.
- This graph shows the corn response to Nitrogen. As you can see, the maximum yield is obtained between 150 and 200 kg N/ha for a corn after soybean rotation and at about 250 kg N/ha for a corn after corn rotation. It is important to know the exact N content of the manure because applying above the maximum yield does not increase yield and the excess N has the potential to leach into surface water. If not enough N is applied, even a 5-10% reduction in yield can greatly reduce the producer’s profit.
- 1000 head swine farm with continuous corn rotation first four years of manure sample values were 0.84%, 0.72%, 0.98%, and 0.62% N for an average and standard deviation of 0.79% ± 0.16% N. The N content for the current year was 0.92% N. Without testing: assume available N content of 0.79% Pre-sampling: test is worth $30.96 ha-1 with overall value of $1,759 Sampling during application: test is worth $14.20 ha-1 with overall value of $1,589. In both cases, the producer would have under applied N if they had assumed the four year average N content, which would have resulted in reduced corn yields and reduced profits. Manure sampling is a good return on investment for this case with return of about 9:1
- Many factors cause differences in the value of the manure test. The test is especially dependent on the type of manure tested because different manures have different uncertainties in nutrient contents. Value determined by rotation because corn-corn rotations are more sensitive to N application rate than corn-soybean Result: pre-sampling more economical when application is N-limited. These results are in $/ha, so a typical farm could potentially save thousands of dollars just by testing their manure.