2. Air Barrier paper A continuous membrane under the cladding of a building. It is often made of a white polyolefin sheet material which is permeable to water vapor but not liquid water or air. This is installed to prevent air and water Infiltration. Acting as an Air barrier it is intended to reduce the air change per hour which results in heat loss or gain, thus lowering energy consumption.
3. All of these vents are used in some way to remove heat from the attic. A Soffit vent . Used to allow cooler air from a lower elevation to enter the attic envelope as the hot air escapes the vents above. B Ridge Vent A continuous vent located at the highest peak of the roof to allow uniform ventilation. C Gable Vent These are located high in the end walls at opposite sides of the roof and are used to encourage cross ventilation. D Roof Turbine located near the highest point on a roof. This a vent assisted by the wind or a motor. A B A B C D
4. Backhoe , A multi purpose implement with a front end loader and a small excavator located on the rear. Can be used to move small loads of soil, rough grading and digging holes and trenches, and many other uses. 30” Bucket
5. Batter boards - A set of boards setup near the out side of corners, leading edges and important elevation markers before form work is placed. The batter boards act as a level and rough placement board. String guides are stretched from side to side which the form work is set to.
6. A A – Roman Arch B – Segment arch C – Jack Arch W/ Key Stone D – Centering Support And formwork used to support the brick or stone until the arch is complete and can support itself A C B D
7. Brick Bonds: A Flemishing Bond a pattern of alternating stretcher and header, each header being centered above and below a stretcher. B Running Bond a pattern of overlapping stretchers C Rowlocks D Headers E Soldiers F Sailors G Stretcher rowlocks (Shiners) A B C D E F
8. A – Modular 2 ¼” X 3 5/8” X 7 5/8” B – Queen 2 3/4” X 3” X 7 5/8” A B
10. A – Brick Clad B – EFIS Clad C – Stone Clad ( Random Rubble) D – Wood Board Clad E – Shake Clad A B C D E
11. A – IBC requirements Double or Single hung window requirement, Minimum W = 34 ¼” H = 24” sill <=44”. Shown W = 32.5” H = 29.5” Sill = 24”. Window fails requirements due to the width requirements. Width is 2 1/4” shy of requirement. B – IBC Maximum riser = 7 ¾” Minimum Tread = 10” Shown Riser 8” Tread 11” nosing approximately 1.25”. Riser fails to meet requirements. Riser is ¼” taller than allowed. A B
13. A - 1 CMU = 3brick Courses. A CMU is a large lightweight concrete masonry unit used to create economical load bearing walls. Typical nominal dimensions are 8” X 8” X 16” B – 8” CMU A B
15. A – Exterior Flush Door B – Exterior Panel Door C – Transom, A small window above a door, in times past used for ventilation D – Sidelight, A tall narrow window along side of a door. A D Stile D C Bottom Rail Lock Rail Top Rail
16. A – Power Pole – Used to support high voltage lines running overhead, and support a transformer which steps down the voltage before it reaches point of service. B – Service Head – receives service lines and sheds water from pipe. C – Meter – records amount of power KW/Hr used at point of service. D – Duplex receptacle – Consumer access to power E – Service Panel – acts as a distribution center for the different circuits through the home B C A E D
17. A – Anchor Bolt, B – Sill Plate, C – Floor Joist, D – Subflooring, E – Sole Plate, F – Stud, G – Top Plate H – Ceiling Joist I – Rafter J – Roof Decking K – Sheathing L - Stringer B E C F G I J K A H D
18. Front end loader in general is used to retrieve soil and place the soil in a dump truck or some other source for transportation Front end Loader
19. Gypsum Board – An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces.
20. Heat Pump : A heat pump is more energy efficient in in moderate weather than furnace systems but cannot be used in places with weather below 30 degrees. A – Compressor circulates a coolant through the system B – Air handling unit. Forces air throughout the house creating a circulation which passes over the internal coils. B A
21. A – Batt insulation used in walls and ceiling cavities to help prevent heat loss. B – Loose fill insulation. Generally blown in it is individual granules of insulation used to prevent heat loss C – Foam insulation – most often used on walls it is sprayed in place and is used to prevent air flow through the smaller cavities in a wall. D – most often used on the exterior envelope of a home in place of sheathing A B
22. A lintel is a steel angle used to bridge the span over a door, window or opening.
23. Mortar Joint – Tooled 3/8” used on a residential dwelling. type N
24. Oriented Strand board is a nonveneered panel product. This product is made of many strands of wood generally oriented in the same direction compressed and held together with a bonding agent.
25. A – Lavatory 1.5” drain B – Water closet 3” drain C – manufactured shower or tub set E - Sink integral F - Plumbing roof Vent. Equalizes pressures in sewage lines F C A & E B
26. Plywood is manufactured by gluing thin sheets of wood called veneer in alternating orientation.
29. A – Gutter channels water from the edge of a roof to a down spout. B – Down spout drains water from a gutter to the ground or onsite drainage. C – Splash block prevents water from jumping over the gutter or splashing continuously on a nearby wall surface. A B C
30. A – Underlayment acts as a secondary water barrier under roofing it also acts as a protective barrier for the framed structure before the roofing is applied. B – Shingle small lightweight units applied in overlapping layers with staggered vertical joints C – Clay Tile roof D – Metal panel roof, made typically of galvanized steel (pictured Painted steel) E – Concrete roofing B A C E D
31. A – Gable Roof B – Mansard Roof C – Hip Roof D Gambrel Roof A B C D
32. A – Ridge – the horizontal line of intersection at the top between two sloping roof planes B – Valley where intersecting roof planes meet C – Eave is the overhanging portion of the low side of the roof D – Rake The inclined overhang or (fascia) on a gable. E – Soffit is the underside of an overhang F – Fascia is the vertical surface covering the end of the cut off rafters G – Building w/out Fascia exposes rafters as a design feature A B C D E F G
33. A – Stone random rubble B – Stone Coursed Rubble C – Stone Random ashlar D – Stone Coursed ashlar A D C
34. Vapor retarder – allows water vapors to escape wall cavity while preventing condensation or water to enter the wall cavity. This is usually put to the exterior side of the insulation.
