Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are glycoproteins produced by plasma cells that recognize and bind to specific antigens like bacteria and viruses. Antibodies have a Y-shaped structure consisting of two heavy chains and two light chains connected by disulfide bonds. There are five main classes of antibodies - IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE - which differ based on their heavy chains. Antibodies have variable regions that recognize antigens and constant regions involved in effector functions. The major classes are IgG, the most abundant antibody in serum; IgA, found in secretions; and IgM, the first antibody produced during infection.

1. ANTIBODY
(IMMUNGLOBULINS)
Presented by:-
Mr. Ashish kumar
nursing tutor

2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION
• STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODY
• PROPRTY OF ANTIBODY
• TYPES OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN

3. INTRODUCTION OF ANTOBODY
 Antibody or immunoglobulin are glycoprotein induced
from activated B-cell plasma cell in response to an antigen
it is used by this immune system for identify and neutralize
such as bacteria and virus .
 Antibody are also called immunoglobulin all antibody are
immunoglobulin but all immunoglobulin not antibody.

4. DEFINITION OF ANTIBODY
 Antibody are protein that recognized and bind to specific
antigen.
 Antigen are foreign substance that stimulate the production
of antibodies many of the molecules on the surface of virus
and bacteria an antigen .

5. STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODY
 Antibody consist to identical heavy chain(H-chain) and two
identical light chain(L-chain)
 The heavy chain are longer than the light chain both are
polypeptide chain.
 The two H-chain are joint by the disulphide bond each L-
chain is attached to heavy chain by the disulphide linkage.
 The five different class of antibodies are the depending
upon the heavy chain .
1). IgG (Gamma) 2.I g M (u) 3).IgA (Alpha) 4).I g D

6. CON…..
 The light chain are similar in all antibodies .these are
present in two forms.
 1).K-(kappa)
 2)L-(Lambda)
 Such antibody will have both K-chain or L-chain it will
never have k-chain
 L-chain together .
 The heavy chain and light chain both have variable region
and constant region

7. CON….

8. PROPERTY OF ANTIBODY
Antibody are globulin and protein in nature .They are
synthesis by plasma cell an antibody molecules is made up of
four polypeptide chain of which are light chain and
remaining to two heavy chain .
They contain disulphide bond.

9. IgG
 It is the major serum immunoglobulin.
 It has molecular weight 1,50,000.
 The normal serum concentration of IgG to 5 to 16 mg/ml.
 It has half of 23 days.
 It produce IgM Antibodies in our body.
 There is the only antibody IgG transported placenta at
provide specific immunity to the new born baby and protect
bacteria and virus.

10. IgA
 This is the major serum antibody normal serum 1.6 to 4.2
mg/ml.
 Serum IgA molecular weight 1,60,000.
 IgA ISA the main antibody present in milk ,saliva ,tear,
sweat, nasal fluids ,colostrum secretions genital ,intestine
,respiratory system.
 It dose not cross placenta.
 It has half life of 6 to 8 day .

11. IgM
 It constitution 5 to 8 % of total serum antibodies.
 Normal level in serum is 0.5 to 2mg/mg.
 Molecular weight is around 1 lakh.
 It is has distributed mainly intravascular.
 It can not cross placenta. therefore its presence in the
serum of newborn indicate congenital infection.

12. IgD
 It has concentration -3mg/ml.
 Serum IgD molecular weight 1,80,000.
 It is intravascular.

13. IgE
 Serum IgE molecular weight 1,90,000.
 It can not cross placenta.
 It mediates type-1 hypersensitivity reaction.
 It is responsible for anaphylactic type of reaction.
 It is a high receptor specific for IgE that is found at a high
density on a tissue mast cell and basophils.
 In children its level increase during intestinal parasitic
infection protozoa.

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