Details about resin introduction, properties, tests, uses

1. Resins -
Benzoin
-
Guggul- Asafoetida - Myrrh
Dr. Sutar N. G.
Associate professor and H.O.D.,
Department of Pharmacognosy
Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education
and Research, Kopargaon, Maharashatra, India
11/6/2023 Dr. Sutar N.G., Associate Prof. Dept of Pharmacognosy, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education nad Research, Kopargaon

2. Resins - Resins are amorphous contain essential oils and oxygenated compound of terpene,
they are transparent or translucent solids, semi solid or liquid substances.
They have complex chemical nature and contains large no of carbon atoms.
Resins are insoluble in water and heavier than water but they are soluble in non polar
solvents like benzene or ether, volatile oils, fixed oils and alcohol.
Resins are hard, non-conductor of electricity and combustible in nature. They soften and
finally melt upon heating.
Found in schizogenous glands, lysigenous glands or ducts as end product of metabolism.
The pharmaceutical applications of resins are
USES- Local irritant, Local cathartic (e.g. Jalap, Ipomoea),
Anticancer (podophyllum), Bronchial asthma (Cannabis),
Externally - antiseptic in the form of tinctures (Benzoin),
ointment and plasters (Turpentine and Colophony) and used in the preparation of emulsion
Classification
Depending upon the type of the
constituents
Eg. Acid, ester, Alcohol
Depending upon combination with other
Constituents-
eg. Gum, Oleogum, Balsam, Glyco
Resins
11/6/2023
Dr. Sutar N.G., Associate Prof. Dept of Pharmacognosy,
Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education nad Research,
Kopargaon

3. Properties of resins:
1. These are amorphous and brittle
in nature.
2. They occur in semi- transperent
hard solid form.
3. The resin softens and finally
melted upon heating.
4. They have specific gravity ranges
from 0.9 to 1.25.
5. When burnt, they produce smoky
flame.
6. They are bad conductor of
electricity.
7. They are soluble in organic
solvents like alcohol, ether and
chloroform.
8. They are insoluble in water.
CHEMICAL TEST
1. Solubility test: Resin dissolves - organic solvents like
alcohol, ether or chloroform etc.
2. Ignition test: They produces smoky flame upon
burning.
3. HCl test: Drug is treated with hydrochloric acid which
forms pink colour, ensures the presence of resins.
4. Ferric chloride test: The greenish blue colour develops
when drug is treated with ferric chloride solution. This
indicates the presence of resins.
9. The resin formed film upon drying becomes
hard and transparent which is unaffected by
moisture and air.
10. Majority of resins undergo slow
atmospheric oxidation which darkens its
colour and impaired solubility.
11/6/2023 Dr. Sutar N.G., Associate Prof. Dept of Pharmacognosy, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education nad Research, Kopargaon

4. Extraction procedure
Method A Method B
11/6/2023
Dr. Sutar N.G., Associate Prof. Dept of Pharmacognosy,
Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education nad Research,
Kopargaon

5. Synonyms: Loban, Sumatra Benzoin.
Biological Source: It is a balsamic resin
Sumatra benzoin: -Styrax paralleloneurus
Family - Styraceae.
Siam benzoin: Styrax tonkinesis
Family - Styraceae
Geographical source:
Sumatra benzoin -South Eastern
Asia
Siam benzoin Thailand and Vietnam.
BENZOIN Collection and Preparation:
Select 5-6 year old plant
Make incisions on trunk of plant at base
Resins are oozes out – discard 1st incision for medicinal purpose
2nd flow use for medicinal purpose
Sundry these resins to solidify. 10 kg/ tree
India hence drug is imported from other countries like Indonesia.
Sumatra Benzoin Color – It is greyish brown.
Odour – Aromatic and characteristic
Taste – Sweetish and slightly acrid
Chemical Constituents –Free balsamic acids
(benzoic and cinnamic acids) and esters
Chemical test –
1. Titurate alcoholic solution of drug + Water= White solution.
2. Heat drug in tube cover with glass - under microscope glass show
crystals of cinnamic caid
3. Drug + KMNO4- heat- Oduor of benzaldehyde
Uses : In the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection.
antiseptic and a protective
11/6/2023
Dr. Sutar N.G., Associate Prof. Dept of Pharmacognosy,
Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education nad Research,
Kopargaon

6. GUGGUL
Synonym : Commiphora
Biological source : it is the oleo-gum-resin obtained by making
deep incisions at the basal part of stem bark of
Commiphora weightii.
Family : Burseraceae
Macroscopy : Color - Brown to pale yellow or dull green.
Odour-Agreable,aromatic and balsmatic.
Taste-Characterstic bitter.
Solubility-When triturated with water, it forms white
emulsion.it is partly solubule in alcohol.
Chemical Constituents –Gugul contains steroids,
diterpenoids, carbohydrates and aliphatic esters.
Z-guggulosterone, E-guggulosterone and 3 new sterols
guggulosterol I, II, III.
GINGER
Synonym : Zingiber, Sunthi, Zingiberis
Biological source : it consists of fresh or
dried rhizomes of Zingiber offcinale
Family : Zingiberaceae
Macroscopy :
Color – Externally, it is buff color.
Odour - Agreeable, aromatic.
Taste – Agreeable and pungent.
Size – Rhizomes of ginger are about 5 to 15
x 1.5 to 6.5 cm.
Chemical Constituents –
Volatile oil (1 – 4%), starch (40 – 60%), fibre (5%),
inorganic material (6%), residual moisture (10%) and acrid
resinous matter (5 – 8%). Ginger oil show monoterpene
hydrocarbons, sequiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated
mono and sesquiterpenes and phenyl propanoids
Uses- Stomachic, an aromatic, a carminative, stimulant and
flavouring agent, in mouth washes, beverages and liquors.
Ginger powder has been reported to be effective in motion
sickness.
Uses : As anti-inflammmatory, anti-rheumatic,
hypolipedemic and hypo-cholesteremic drug.
11/6/2023
Dr. Sutar N.G., Associate Prof. Dept of Pharmacognosy, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education nad Research, Kopargaon

7. ASAFOETIDA
Biological source :
Asafoetida is the oleo-gum
resin obtained by incision on the root and
rhizomes of Ferula foetida Regel,.
Family : Umbelliferae
Synonym :
Gum Asafoetida, Devil’s dung
Macroscopy :
Color – Yellowish-white changing to reddish brown.
Odour – Intense, persistent, penetrating and alliaceous.
Taste – Bitter, alliaceous and acid.
Size – The tears are 0.5 to 3 cm in diameter.
Shape – It occurs in 2 different forms i.e. tears and
masses
Chemical Constituents –
Asafoetida resin (40 to 65%), gum (20 to 25%) and
volatie oil (4 to 20%).
Identification :
1. Fractured surface of the drug, if treated with
Sulphuric acid forms red or
reddish brown color.
2. When treated with 50% nitric acid, the drug
gives green color.
3. When triturated with water, it forms the
yellowish-orange color.
Uses : It is used as carminative,
Nervine stimulant / in intestinal
flatulence, anthelmintic(expel worms)
Flavouring agent -curries, sauces and
pickles.
It is used in veterinary medicine.
11/6/2023
Dr. Sutar N.G., Associate Prof. Dept of Pharmacognosy,
Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education nad Research,
Kopargaon

8. MYRRH
Macroscopy :
Color-Externally - reddish-brown,
Internally- brown.
Odour & Taste-Aromatic and
agreeable.
Shape -It is found in the form of rounded
or irregular tear.
Synonym : Gum myrrh
Biological source :
Myrrh is an oleo-gum-resin obtained
Commiphora molmol
Family : Burseraceae
Chemical Constituents –
Yellowish thick volatile oil - 10%
Gum - 60%
Resin 25 to 40% and bitter principle -
3 to 4% .
Ether soluble resin acids, α, β and γ
commiphoric acids. The volatile oil
contains terpenes, cumminic
aldehyde, eugenol
Uses : Stimulant & Antiseptic, Protective.,
Astringent to the mucous membrane
and hence its tincture is used in the mouth
washes and gargles
11/6/2023
Dr. Sutar N.G., Associate Prof. Dept of Pharmacognosy,
Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education nad Research,
Kopargaon

9. COLOPHONY
Macroscopy :
Color-Pale yellow to yellowish brown to amber
color.
Odour-Faint and terebinthinate.
Taste-It occurs in the form of angular,
transluscent masses of various size
Synonym : Pine-resin
Biological source :
Colophony is the residue left after the distillation
of the oil of turpentine from the crude-oleo-resin
obtained from the various species of Pinus plant.
Family : Pinaceae.
Chemical Constituents –
Unsaturated acids resin which are reactive.
90% of this is abetic acid. Drug contains
esters of oleic acid and acids resin. It also
contains 0.5% volatile oil, 5-6% resenes.
Other acid in the colophony are sapinic acid
and pimaric acid.
Uses : Stimulant and diuretic.
It is ingredient of certain plaster masses
and collodions.
It is used in the preparations of ointments.
Industrially, it is used in the preparations
of varnishes, soaps, printing inks etc.
Skymograph fixing agent
11/6/2023
Dr. Sutar N.G., Associate Prof. Dept of Pharmacognosy,
Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education nad Research,
Kopargaon

10. Thank you
11/6/2023
Dr. Sutar N.G., Associate Prof. Dept of Pharmacognosy,
Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education nad Research,
Kopargaon