Archaeology is the study of the ancient and recent human past through material remains.. Archaeology is often considered a branch of socio-cultural anthropology Remote sensing Field survey Archeological Excavation Archeological analysis Computational and virtual archeology Drones Remote – sensing method : Before actually starting to dig in a location, remote sensing can be used to look where sites are located within a large area or provide more information about sites or regions. Remote Sensing methods employed in the service of archaeological investigations include: 1-Satellite Imaging 2-Aerial, UAV and Satellite Imaging 3-ground penetrating radar These remains can be anything created, modified Or used by humans. Archeologists uses artifacts and features to learn how people lived in Specific times and places. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts and cultural l archaeologists define, retrieve, and record cultural and biological remains found in the ground. It can reveal several types of information usually not accessible to survey, such as stratigraphy, three-dimensional structure, and verifiably primary context

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3. ARCHEOLOGY
• Archeology :
Archaeology is the study of the ancient
and recent human past through material
remains.. Archaeology is often considered
a branch of socio-cultural anthropology

4. • These remains can be anything created, modified Or used by
humans.
• Archeologists uses artifacts and features to learn how people lived
in Specific times and places.
• The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture,
biofacts or ecofacts and cultural landscapes.

5. ARCHEOLOGICAL METHODS
• Remote sensing
• Field survey
• Archeological Excavation
• Archeological analysis
• Computational and virtual archeology
• Drones

6. • Remote – sensing method :
• Before actually starting to dig in a location, remote sensing can be
used to look where sites are located within a large area or provide
more information about sites or regions.
• Remote Sensing methods employed in the service of
archaeological investigations include:
• 1-Satellite Imaging
• 2-Aerial, UAV and Satellite Imaging
• 3-ground penetrating radar

7. • Field survey :
• The archaeological project then continues (or alternatively, begins) with
a field survey. Regional survey is the attempt to systematically locate
previously unknown sites in a region. Site survey is the attempt to
systematically locate features of interest, such as houses and middens,
within a site.
• Field site tools include
• Digging tool, recording apparatus and safety tools.

8. • Excavation :Archaeological excavation is the procedure by which
archaeologists define, retrieve, and record cultural and biological
remains found in the ground.
• It can reveal several types of information usually not accessible to
survey, such as stratigraphy, three-dimensional structure, and
verifiably primary context

9. • Analysis :
• Archeology involves the analysis and interpretation of chemical
fingerprints obtained from archaeological materials.
• Two ways to analyze data are :
• 1. Radicarbon dating( well known techniques. Helps to determines
age of differnt artifact, organic material and radioactive elements
of radiocarbons). 2.Potassium_argondating Carbon dating is
limited but potassium dating is use for object over hundred and
thousands years of age.Both are help archeologist to determine
age of materail's remains

10. • Computational and virtual archeology:
• Computational archeology based on computal based analytical
study.
• By use of:• GIS ( geographical information system) for
management and analysis data.• Data mining, used to extarct data
from large rawdata.• Web science, capture data in field and lab.•
ABM ( agent-based modeling) • Network analysis • Point process
modeling.

11. Virtual archeology:
• uses computer based simulation of archeological excavation.

12. Drones:
• Discover and capture sides from air.
• Easy to use also in low light, front and
snow and better to visualize for
archeologist.Before this we use
homemade tools ( hellium balloons and
model planes).Mimic LIDAR ( light
detection and ranging technology) used
for measure vegetation height across
wide areas.

13. Archeological sub disciplines
• Historical archeology :
• Historical archeology deals with the written historical documents as well as
artifacts left behind by societies or groups.
• Records are generally written materials but oral histories can be used.
• Historical archaeologists focuses on the recent past, usually the last 500-
600 years.
• Goals of historical archaeology• The preservation and the interpretation of
historical sites. •Adding to and questioning the currently documented
history. •Piecing together the lives of those who are being rediscovered.

14. • Ethnoarcheheology:
• Ethnographic study of people for archaeological reasons,usually
through the study of the material remains of a society.
Ethnoarcheology is different from other actualistic studies pin
that it includes the systematic observation of living societies and
from other types of ethnography through its explicit focus on the
intention to identify the archaeological material of human
behaviour.
• During the last 40 years ,archaeologists have carried out fieldwork
in traditional societies to help in the interpretation of the
archaeological records and to develop and refine analogies, this
research strategy has been labeled as ethnoarcheology.

15. • Experimental archeology:
• Experimental archaeology (also called experiment archaeology
and experiential archaeology) is a field of study which attempts to
generate and test archaeological hypotheses, usually by replicating
or approximating the feasibility of ancient cultures performing
various tasks or feat
• Importance:
• Experimental archeology become important tool in
understanding the archaeological past. Experimental archeology
is appealing and has much to add to mainstream archeology it can
decipher parts of past.

16. Archaeometry :
• Formal field of the study whose practitioners apply techniques
and approaches from the physical, chemical, biological and earth
sciences and engineering to address archeological questions and
problems.
• The sciences provide archeology with empirical and systematic
ways of collecting, analyzing, synthesizing and interpreting data
related to inorganic and organic material record of human history.
Investigations involve both instrumental and non instrumental
approaches.

17. • Applications of archaeometry take place in field, lab and museum
settings and include a wide array of topics, such as radiocarbon
dating, provenance of ceramics, stone tool production and use,..

18. • Cultural Resources Management :
• Cultural resource management (CRM) is the vocation and
practice of managing cultural resources, such as the arts and
heritage.
• The term cultural resource management (CRM) can be defined as
the practice of managing cultural resources in response to some
legal or policy mandate. It refers to the preservation of cultural
resources including archeological sites, historic buildings, museum
objects, paintings and any other items of cultural value.
• A cultural resource may be a traditional plant-gathering area or an
example of high Victorian architecture.

19. • All cultural resources have two characteristics in common:
• they are regarded as important by a segment of contemporary
society (be it a group of neighbors, an Aboriginal clan, or
professional archaeologists);
• They are considered worthy of some form of protection because
of this value. CRM is practiced by anthropologists, architectural
historians, geographers, environmental planners, historians, and
archaeologists, among others