Biological anthropology is about humanity and what makes us human. This slide will make u understand about basic biological anthropology, its scope and different fields where it provide ways for future research studies regarding human evolution. Hope it will help u!

1. BIOLOGICAL
ANTHROPOL
OGY
HIRA NUSRAT

2. ANTHROPOLOGY
DEFINITION:
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human
behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present
and past, including past human species.
Anthropologists study the origin, development, and behavior of humans. They
examine the cultures, languages, archeological remains, and physical
characteristics of people in various parts of the world

3. TYPES:
FOUR BRANCHES:
Cultural Anthropology
Studies culture, or learned, transmitted behavior of living people
Archaeology
Studies culture of past societies by analyzing artifacts
Linguistic Anthropology
Focuses on role and evolution of language
Physical/biological Anthropology
Studies relationship of biology and culture

4. BIO-PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Focuses on humans as biological organisms
Have similar features and needs
Are the products of evolutionary and environmental forces
Are genetically unique
Use fossils, genetics, comparative anatomy and behavior

5. From the perspective of evolutionary theory, humans are like all other biological species, the product of the same
long process of adaptation.

6. BIO-PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Why would anyone want to study bones and teeth?
They tell us about anatomy, diet, behavior, locomotion,
and our place in nature
Questions we look to answer:
Who are we as a species?
What does it mean to be human?
Where did we come from?
How do we fit in with other living things?

7. SIX STEPS TO HUMANNESS
We are connected to other living things, but clearly we are unique
(1) bipedalism
(2) non-honing canine
(3) material culture and tool use
(4) hunting
(5) speech
(6) domesticated food

8. SIX STEPS TO HUMANNESS
(1) BIPEDALISM:
Physical difference of walking on
two legs
Other primates can do this, but
only for short times
Major adaptations in anatomy
• Double curved spine
• Wide pelvis
• Arch in foot

9. SIX STEPS TO HUMANNESS
(2) NON-HONING CANINE
• Loss of large canines
• Loss of diastema
• Because of use of tools to process food
(3) MATERIAL CULTURE AND TOOLS
• Completely depend on culture to survive
• Manipulate environment
• Tools date more than 2.5 million years ago
• Primates use tools, but only humans use stone tools

10. SIX STEPS TO HUMANNESS
(4) HUNTING
• Social, organized
• More than 1 million years ago
• Before, we were scavengers
(5) SPEECH
• Due to bipedalism
• Hyoid and voice box position

11. SIX STEPS TO HUMANNESS
6) DOMESTICATION OF FOOD
• 10,000 years ago
• Huge impact on biology and
behavior

12. SCOPE OF BIOLOGICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY

13. Paleoanthropology
It is the study of the fossil record for humankind
Fossilized remains are the most direct physical
evidence of human ancestry that we have to
understand where we came from.
Also includes the study of the fossil record of the
other primates—apes, monkeys, and prosimians—
dating back at least 65 million years

14. Skeletal Biology and Human
Osteology
The study of the skeleton
and the patterns and
processes of human growth,
physiology, and development

15. Paleopathology and Bio-
archaeology
The study of disease in ancient human
populations, and the study of human
remains in an archaeological context.
Bio-archaeologists work with
archaeologists excavating ancient humans
to study the effects of trauma, epidemics,
nutritional deficiencies, and infectious
diseases.

16. Forensic Anthropology
It is the study of the identification
of skeletal remains and of the means
by which the individual died, is a
contemporary application of
biological anthropology.
Forensic anthropologists take their
knowledge of osteology and
paleopathology and apply it to both
historical and criminal investigation

17. Primatology
The study of the
non-human primates
and their anatomy,
genetics, behavior,
and ecology

18. Human Biology
Deals with human growth
and development,
adaptation to
environmental extremes,
and human genetics

19. The Roots of Modern Biological
Anthropology
What does it mean to be human?
How did we become who we are today?
How does our biological past influence our lives in the
environments of the present?
What is the place of human beings in nature?