The basic model of Hydro Power Plant by the the Electrical Engineering Perspective

2. HYDRO POWER ENERGY
Muhammad Umair Khan

3. GENERAL CONCEPT
• Being Electrical Engineers we all know that hydro power energy is the form of
energy, which is harnessed from falling water or running water.
• Normally the water is stored in a reservoir and by means of intake gates it is moved
through in penstock where it is used to rotate the turbine which is next connected
to the Generating unit to produce electricity

4. HYDRO POWER POTENTIAL IN
PAKISTAN
• In Pakistan, Kpk and Gilgit-Baltistan are the provinces which are rich in Hydel power
so much that it is not only sufficient for the province but for the whole nation as
well, unfortunately in past no body took this part of the country seriously regarding
Hydel power generation, but now the recent provincial government is seen serious
about energy crisis, and motivating the responsible departments for taking positive
initiatives.
• Following are some of the projects which are to be done in near future while some
of them are completed and ready for generation.

5. HYDRO POWER PROJECTS IN NWFP
S.No Project Location Capacity
1) Nandihar Khwar HPP Batagram 12 MW
2) Naran HPP Mansehra 188 MW
3) Batakundi HPP Mansehra 96 MW
4) Ghor Band Khuwar HPP Shangla 21 MW
5) Arkari Gol HPP Chitral 99 MW
6) Mujigram-Shoghor HPP Chitral 64 MW
7) Istaru-Booni HPP Chitral 72 MW
8) Shogo-Sin HPP Chitral 132 MW
9) Gahrit-Swir Lasht HPP Chitral 377 MW
10) Laspur Marigram HPP Chitral 230 MW
11) Patrak Shringle HPP Dir 22 MW
12) Shigo Kach HPP Dir 102 MW
13) Kalkot Brikot Patrak HPP Dir 47 MW
14) Koto HPP Dir 40.8 MW
Total Capacity 1471 MW

6. PENSTOCK
• Penstock is important component of the Hydropower plant which drives water towards the
turbine

7. GOVERNOR OF THE TURBINE
• Governor is also another important equipment which is used to let the amount of
water for the rotation of turbine under the range of specific speed, which relates to
the frequency which is required at the grid.
• The performance of the governor dominates the controllability of the power plant
and quality of electrical power produced
• It is controlled by the relay which gives feedback to governor to control the turbine
water flow and achieves the regulation of the turbine speed.

8. FLY BALL GOVERNOR

9. GENERATING UNIT
The Generating Unit Consist of turbine and generator which are the main part of
hydropower Plant in term of “Generating Electricity” . Both of these equipment
depend on each other for generation, therefore they are collectively known as
generating unit. Turbine used to run with the force of water which is than connected
to the rotor of generator by means of shaft. The Rotor rotates in the core of stator
which is magnetized by field current, the rotor cuts the magnetic field and induce
voltage.

10. TURBINE TYPES
There are many different types of turbines for hydro electric but manly we use
Pelton turbine : For High Heads
Francis Turbine : For Low to medium Heads
Kaplan Turbine : For wide range of Heads
• Turbines are selected on the basis of Net HEAD
• Range of Discharges through the turbines
• Turbine Rotational Speed
• Cost

11. GENERATOR IN HYDRO POWER
PLANT
• The majority of hydroelectric installations utilize salient pole synchronous generators.
• Salient pole machines are employed because the hydraulic turbine in the hydroelectric
plants operates at low speeds compared to steam plants, therefore generators in hydro plant
requires large number of field poles to produce the rated frequency.
Rotor of synchronous generator requires salient poles is mechanically best suited for low-
speed applications

12. SWITCH YARD
• After the generation of electricity in the power house it is then step upped via transformers to transmit
it over a long distance through transmission lines.
• Switchyard have metering and safety equipment which are used to read fault and react properly