America Is the Target; Israel Is the Front Line _ Andy Blumenthal _ The Blogs...
World history: Unit 2 Test Review
1. “Great ambition is the passion of a great character. Those endowed with it may perform very good or very bad acts. All depends on the principles which direct them.” ~ Napoleon Bonaparte Unit 2 Test Review: March 2nd
2. How to Prepare for your Test Complete the Student Guides from the lessons in Unit 2 (print them out!) Complete all the Unit 2 Checkpoints and Quizzes!! Read the Study GuideI pushed out at the beginning of this session. This is an OPEN NOTE TEST!! ASK QUESTIONS!!
5. Use the Essay Guide to complete the essayTopics to choose: Napoleon Bonaparte claimed to have put into practice the ideals of the French Revolution and the Enlightenment. Do you think he did? Did his actions and the legacy of his reign represent those ideals? Write a paragraph in which you state whether or not Bonaparte’s reign and legacy embodied the ideals of the French Revolution and the Enlightenment. Provide facts to support your claim. OR There were similarities and differences between the American and French revolutions. Write a paragraph that compares and contrasts these two revolutions. Describe both how they were alike and how they were different.
6. The Scientific Revolution! What was it a REVOLT against? What helped to bring it about? What did it lead to?
7. PtolemyvsCopernicus Geocentric – The Earth is the Center of the Universe Heliocentric Theory – The Sun is the Center of the Universe
8. Galileo Galilei Designed New Scientific devices: Thermometer Perfected the Telescope Confirmed Copernicus’ Theory about the Sun at the center Silenced by the Church: The Inquisition condemned Galileo in 1633 because his teachings clashed with the Bible, which read: "God fixed the earth upon its foundation, not to be moved forever." Galileo was later pardoned after 359 years! Hooray for science! Galileo inspired many other astronomers, who used the telescope to discover other planets and constellations. Galileo proved the moon wasn’t smooth and perfect. Bad idea, Galileo!
9. Sir Isaac Newton Developed the “Theory of Universal Gravity” Discovered White light was comprised of multiple spectrums of light Developed Calculus Laws of Motion First law (the law of inertia): A body in motion will stay in motion, and a body at rest will remain at rest, unless acted on by a force. Second law: The force of an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration. Third law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. * Proved the universe follows a set of predictable rules.
10. The Enlightenment Locke - It is the government's job to protect the natural rights of life, liberty, and property. Montesquieu - 3 Branches of Government – Judicial, Legislative, Executive. Influenced the U.S. Constitution Voltaire - God had made the universe then left it to run on its own, Kings “should” be governed by Reason Hobbes – Humans are naturally violent and Selfish Rousseau– Humans are naturally Good and Society Corrupts them
11. American Revolution: Causes Britain’s Debt: Fixes? Taxes: Sugar Act of 1764 Stamp Act of 1765 Proclamation of 1763 No Representation in Parliament Boston Massacre Intolerable Acts Massachusetts Militia and the British Regulars fire upon each other on Lexington Green, 1775. The Revolution had begun!
12. The New America Articles of Confederation – Passed in 1781 WEAK central government No power to… Collect taxes, force states to follow federal law, establish an army, print money Much confusion among states – no unity or uniformity A “more perfect Union” was required…
13. The U.S. Constitution, 1789 Power is shared between federal and state governments Separation of Powers – Who originally came up with this idea? Checks and Balances system What type of legislature did the Constitution create? How many parts? It established a government based on a document reflecting the will of the people
14. The French Revolution: 3 Causes The commoners (the poor) paid ALL the taxes!!! The 3rd Estate, made up of commoners, could not vote in the Estate-General! France was facing a FINANCIAL CRISIS! Taxes and prices went up!
15. Robespierre and theReign of Terror Robespierre – Ruled with the Council of Public Safety in 1793 They rounded up anyone who opposed the government 300,000 arrested; 17,000 executed. Their money and land were turned over to the gov’t. Robespierre was eventually beheaded. (karma, much?)
16. France under Napoleon Bonaparte Set up tax collection system Est. a national bank Fired corrupt officials Set up public schools Restored power to Catholic Church Napoleonic code: uniform set of laws… Erased old feudal laws and made everyone equal! Only U.S. state that uses it?
17. Napoleon in Power Appointed to lead French Army in 1796 by the Directory 1798 – Mediterranean Campaign (Defeat which Napoleon glorifies) 1799 Coup De Ta – Napoleon in Power 1804 Napoleon the Emperor Meanwhile European Coalitions form to crush the Revolution Britain sole hope of Europe 1807 Peninsula Disaster - Portugal 1812 Russia Campaign falls apart – Napoleon’s most serious Defeat 1813 Napoleon exiled to Elba 1814 100 Days – and Defeat at Waterloo, died on St. Helena in 1821
18. Revolutions in Latin America Haiti Leader - Toussaint-L’ouverture Haiti was the first Latin American colony to gain its independence in 1804. Toussaint was a former slave. France regained control of Haiti, but eventually gave up the colony when slavery was no longer allowed. Mexico Leader - Father Hidalgo Fought against Spain – “Grito de Dolores” Declared Mexico Independent on Sept 16, 1810 Failed: Poor Mob vs Wealthy Mestizos Executed in 1811 Mexico finally became independent in 1821 Why did Democracy fail after these Latin American revolutions? 1.) Military strongmen named caudillos took control as dictators and limited the freedom of the people 2.) Leaders had limited experience with representative gov’t.
19. New Spirit of Nationalism! In the early 1800’s, Germany and other countries unified to defend themselves against Napoleon This would later lead to the creation of united European countries, like… Italy – Was divided into small principalities Young Italy 1831– Giuseppe Mazzini – Pushes for Italian Rule of Italians; More Power for the People, Unification Giuseppe Garibaldi – Eventually Unites Italy under King Victor Emmanuel 1st in 1860. Viva Italia!
20. Nationalism Unites Germany! Germany – Otto Von Bismarck – Chancellor of Prussia in 1862 German Choice – Prussia or Austria? Prussia forces war upon Austria Using Railroads and new weaponry they defeat Austria Bismarck Rules with an Iron Fist Bismarck teases war with France Won the Franco-Prussian war in 1871 He used Militarism to draw other kingdoms to Prussia, creating a united Germany, then…. The German Empire formed in 1871
You can warm up by asking them to identify the people in the pictures!
1.) It was a Revolt against the long accepted and innaccurateviews of nature and the world, which were stuck in the middle ages. 2.) The Renaissance and the re-discovery of Greek and Roman science, as well as the Discovery of the New World. The Reformation made it possible to challenge the Catholic Church.3.) It led to the Age of Enlightenment, the discovery of many new inventions and ways of understanding how Nature works. Also led to the Industrial Revolution.
The Catholic Church argued that every body in the universe was PERFECT, because God is perfect and can only make perfect things. Galileo’s telescope proved the moon has imperfections and craters. The Catholic Church was not amused!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWE_aGqfUDs
Answer: Louisiana of course!
Everyone thinksCinco de Mayo is about Mexican Independence. It is NOT. It celebrates a military victory over the French in 1862, long after Mexican Independence. It’s more a Mexican-American holiday in the U.S. than Mexico, where their real Independence Day is September 16, 1810.
