This document provides an overview of an online talk about writing research papers and literature reviews. It discusses what constitutes a research paper, the different types including conceptual and empirical papers. It also outlines the steps for conducting a literature review including narrowing the topic, searching for literature, evaluating sources, organizing findings, developing a thesis statement, and writing the review. Additionally, it demonstrates using a table format to organize literature review findings and identify gaps for future research. The talk emphasizes focusing recent conceptual and empirical studies to develop a strong theoretical foundation and identify research gaps.

1. Online Talk on Introduction to
Writing Research Papers
and
Literature Review
Dr. Gururaj Phatak
Assistant Professor
Department of Studies in Management
GM Institute of Technology, Davangere

2. Contents of the Online Talk
• What is Research Paper?
• Types of Research Paper
• Selecting the Research Paper: Conceptual vs Empirical
• Literature Review
• Table format for Literature Review
• Hints for Identifying the Research Gaps
• Writing Literature Review

3. What is Research Paper?
• A form of Academic Writing.
• A research paper analyzes a perspective or argues a point.
• A research paper involves surveying a field of knowledge in order to find the best possible information
in that field and that survey can be orderly and focused.
• Research Paper gives knowledge about practical adaptation of Theoretical Models like AIDA Model,
Howard - Sheath Model, SERQUAL Model, Kirk Patrick Model, MM Model, Profitability Models etc.
• Research Tells What may be future research studies with respect to certain theory.
For Example: Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model. Technology
acceptance model formulated by Venkatesh and others in "User acceptance of information technology:
Toward a unified view". The UTAUT aims to explain user intentions to use an information system and
subsequent usage behavior.
http://www.vvenkatesh.com/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2016/01/2016_JAIS_Venkatesh-et-al.-
UTAUT.pdf

4. Types of Research Papers
• We find major 4 Categories:
• Conceptual Paper
• Empirical Paper
• Secondary Data Based Papers
• Case Studies based Papers.
• Here I will only focus on Conceptual and Empirical Papers

5. Conceptual Papers
• A conceptual paper addresses a question that cannot be answered simply by getting more factual
information.
• A purely conceptual question is one to which factual information is not even relevant.
• Here, a researcher breaks down a theorem or concept into its constituent parts to gain a better
understanding of the deeper philosophical issue concerning the theorem. For Example: CAC
Model(Attitude Model) We divide in to three parts Cognitive, Affective and Conative and we
relate this to purchase behavior of consumer. Here we are linking the dimensions theoretically.
• Conceptual Papers are not involved with Statistical or Hypothetical Analysis
• Example:
• http://www.vvenkatesh.com/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2016/01/2016_JAIS_Venkatesh-
et-al.-UTAUT.pdf

6. Empirical Papers
• The research can be based on observations or experiments.
• An empirical paper is a research article that reports the results of a
study that uses data derived from actual observation or
experimentation.
• Involved with Statistical or Hypothetical Analysis
• Example:
• https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01652/full

7. How to Identify Conceptual and Empirical
Papers
Conceptual Papers
• The conceptual papers focus on —
• Theory Synthesis,
• Theory Adaptation,
• Typology, Model—
• And discusses their Aims, Methods of
Theory Use, and Potential
Contributions.
• Ex: Theory of Planned Behavior
Empirical Papers
• The Empirical Paper has
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Data and Methodology
• Hypothesis and Statistical Analysis
• Discussions
• Conclusion
• Scope for further research

8. Literature Review
• It’s a Theoretical Contribution about Particular topic.
• Literature review plays very important role in research.
• Literature Review needs strong theoretical knowledge
• Without authenticated and clear literature review mislead or may
stop your research work.

9. Literature Review
A literature review is a written document that presents
a logically argued case founded on a comprehensive
understanding of the current state of knowledge about
a topic of study. This case establishes a convincing
thesis to answer the study’s question.

10. Steps for Literature Review
• Narrow your topic and select papers accordingly:
• Consider your specific area of study. Think about what interests you and what interests other researchers in your field.
• Talk to your professor, brainstorm, and read lecture notes and recent issues of periodicals in the field.
• Limit your scope to a smaller topic area
• Search for literature
• Define your source selection criteria (ie. articles published between a specific date range, focusing on a specific
geographic region, or using a specific methodology).
• Using keywords, search a library database.
• Reference lists of recent articles and reviews can lead to other useful papers.
• Include any studies contrary to your point of view.
• Read the selected articles thoroughly and evaluate them
• Evaluate and synthesize the studies' findings and conclusions.
• Organize the selected papers by looking for patterns and by developing subtopics
• Develop a thesis or purpose statement
• Write a one or two sentence statement summarizing the conclusion you have reached about the major trends and
developments you see in the research that has been conducted on your subject.
• Write the review

11. Table format for Literature Review
• When you are writing Literature Review Please remember these points.
• Have Clarity on which Topic/concept/model you are dealing with
• Have clear idea about that theory or concept.
• Please check whether this model/concept/theory or related information is
available or not.
• Discuss with friends/colleagues about the concepts and theories.
• I have developed a table format which helps for literature review which may help
you.
• While reading the articles please fill this box so you can identify the required
variables and methods.
• Note: Never avoid Basic Roots(Theory) when you are doing Research

12. I will Show you how you can build the table for this research paper
Note:
Please refer Refereed Research Papers for Writing Literature Review. Avoid Paid Journal Papers.

13. Table Format: For this Research Paper
Sl. No
TILE OF
THE
ARTICLE AUTHORS
YEAR OF
PUBLICATION
KEYWORDS
RESEARCH
DESIGN
VARIABLES
TYPE OF
SAMPLING
TECHNIQUE
SAMPLE
SIZE
STATISTICAL
TOOLS USED RESULT
SCOPE FOR
FUTURE
RESEARCH
1
The
Effect of
Entrepren
eurial
Marketin
g on
Outcome
Goals in
SME
Richard C.
Becherer
Marilyn M.
Helms John
P.
McDonald
2012
entreprene
urial
marketing;
entreprene
ur; value
creation;
opportunity
;
leveraging;
excellence
Exploratory
(proactiveness,
opportunity focused,
leveraging,
innovativeness, risk
taking, value
creation, and
customer
intensity)company
success, customer
success, financial
success, satisfaction
with return goals,
satisfaction with
growth goals,
excellence, and the
entrepreneur’s
standard of living
stratified
random
sample
1,800
owner/ope
rators of
small to
medium
sized
businesses
(SMEs)Usin
g a
national
mailing list
Factor
Analysis
Regression
Analysis
entrepren
eurial
marketing
impacts
outcome
variables,
particularl
y value
creation.I
mplicatio
ns for
entrepren
eurs
life cycle of the
firm, nonprofit
organizations,
relationships
between
entrepreneurial
marketing and
business and
personal
outcomes.,
studying SMEs
in key industry
classifications
or scope of
business
operations
(from local to
international)

14. Use of Table Format
• You can identify how research paper is old/new
• You can identify variables analysed in different articles of the same
domain/area.
• You can identify statistical tools adopted in different articles, same
statistical tools you can use for your research.
• You can identify the GAP by understanding scope of future research and
understanding the variables which you have set in your own minds and
which is not identified in the research paper.
• This table you can convert it to sentence format.
• Note: Please focus recent research papers (Max 5 Years)while you are
writing the literature .

15. Writing the Review
Becherer et. al.,(2012) This Exploratory Study examines how entrepreneurial marketing dimensions
(proactiveness, opportunity focused, leveraging, innovativeness, risk taking, value creation, and customer
intensity) are related to qualitative and quantitative outcome measures for the 172 SMEs of Different
sectoral namely Manufacturing Wholesale/Distribution Service Retail Other and the entrepreneur
outcome variables (including company success, customer success, financial success, satisfaction with
return goals, satisfaction with growth goals, excellence, and the entrepreneur’s standard of living). Using
factor and regression analysis, three success outcome variables (financial, customer, and strong company
success) emerged together. A separate factor analysis identified satisfactory growth and return goals.
Stepwise regression revealed entrepreneurial marketing impacts outcome variables, particularly value
creation.

16. Sources of Refereed Papers : DATABASES

17. Thank you
gururajgp@ymail.com