This document discusses group behavior and formation. It defines a group as two or more individuals interacting to achieve common goals, and lists reasons groups form like security, status, and goal achievement. It differentiates groups from teams, noting teams have common commitment beyond shared goals. The document outlines formal groups deliberately created by organizations, and informal groups that develop spontaneously. It also explains Tuckman's five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.

1. DS 202: Organizational Theories and
Behavior
Group Behavior

2. Group Behavior
• Definition of Group
• Definition of Team,Differences between Team
and Group
• Reasons behind forming Group
• Types of Group
• Group Formation
• Properties of Group

3. Group Behavior
What is Group?
A group refers to the association of two or more
persons interacting among themselves for the
achievement of common goal.
Two or more individuals, interacting and
interdependent, who have come together to
achieve particular objectives.

4. Group Behavior
Two or more people constitute a group if...
they have some common purpose or goal
there exist a relatively stable structure(a
hierarchy,an established set of roles)
this collection of people see themselves as
being part of that group

5. Group Behavior
Team:
• A group of people with different skills and
different tasks, who work together on a
common project, service, or goal, with a
meshing of functions and mutual support. .
• A common definition of a team is that it
comprises a group of people.

6. Group Behavior
Group Terms
Understanding Members think they are
grouped together for
administrative purposes
only.
Members recognize their
independence and
understand both
personal and team goals
are best accomplished
with mutual support.
Ownership Members tend to focus
on themselves because
they are not sufficiently
involved in planning the
units objectives.
Members feel a sense of
ownership for their jobs
and units, because they
are committed to value
based common goals
that they helped to
establish.
Creativity and
contribution
Members are told what
to do rather then being
asked what the best
approach would be.
Members contribute to
the organization‘s
success by applying their
unique talents,
knowledge and creativity
to team objectives.

7. Group Behavior
Group Team
Trust Members distrust the
motives of colleagues
because they do not
understand the role of
other members.
Members work in a
climate of trust and are
encouraged to openly
express ideas, opinions,
disagreements and
feelings. Questions are
welcomed
Conflict Resolution Members find themselves
in conflict situations they
do not know how to
resolve. Their leader may
put off intervention until
serious damage is done.
Members realize conflict
is a normal aspect of
human interaction and
they view such situations
as an opportunity for new
ideas and creativity. They
work to resolve conflict
quickly and
constructively.

8. Group Behavior
Group Team
Participative Decision
Making

9. Group Behavior
• In a group, work performance typically depends
on the work of individuals while in a team, it
depends on both individual contributions and
collective efforts of team members.
• In a group it is individual performance and then
leader is accountable. While in a team, the
entire team is accountable.
• Group members may share a common goal, but
team members share a common commitment to
purpose.

10. Group Behavior
Why do group form?
• The similarity attraction effect
• Security:
– By joining a group, individuals can reduce the feeling
of insecurity of “standing alone ”.
– By belonging to a group, people feel stronger, have
fewer self-doubts, and are more resistant to threats.
• Status:
Inclusion in a group theta is viewed as important by
others provides recognition and status for its
members.

11. Group Behavior
• Self-esteem:
In addition to conveying status to those outside the
group, membership can also give feeling of worth to
the group members themselves.
• Affiliation:
Groups can fulfill social needs when people enjoy the
regular interaction with their group members.
Power:
What cannot be achieved individually often become
possible through group action. There is power of
numbers.

12. Group Behavior
• Goal achievement:
Sometimes it takes more then one person to
accomplish a particular task– there is a need to pool
talents, knowledge or power in order to complete a
job.

13. Types of Groups

14. Group Behavior
Formal Group
• Formal groups are deliberately created by the
organization to achieve organizational goal.
• Formal group is purposely designed to
accomplish an organization objective or task.
• It is created via a formal authority for some
defined purpose.

15. Group Behavior
Command group:
Command group composed of the individuals
who report directly to the given manager.
Task group:
People working together to accomplish a job
task.

16. Group Behavior
Standing committee
It is a permanent committee in an organization
to deal with some specific types of problems that
may arise more or less on a regular basis.
Task force / ad hoc committee
It is a temporary committee formed by
organizational members for any special purpose.

17. Group Behavior
Informal Group
• Informal groups are the natural and
spontaneous grouping of people whenever they
work together over a period of time
• Informal groups develope spontaneously among
an organizations members without any direction
from the organizational authority.

18. Group Behavior
Interest group
People working together to attain a specific
objective with which each is concerned.
Friendship group:
People brought together because they share
some common interest.

19. How Groups Are Formed?

20. Group Behavior
Formation of Groups
There are two models of group development.
These are:
1. Five-Stage Model and
2. Punctuated Equilibrium Model

21. Group Behavior
Five-Stage Model of Group Development
I. Forming:
The initial stage of group development,
characterized predominantly by much
uncertainty among the group members.
II.Storming:
Is the next stage that is characterized by a high
degree of conflict among the members.

22. Group Behavior
III.Norming:
The third stage in group development,
characterized by close relationships and
cohesiveness.
IV.Performing:
The fourth stage in group development,during
which the group is fully functional.

23. Group Behavior
V.Adjourning:
The final stage in group development, after
achieving the objectives for which it was created,
starts to gradually dissolve itself.

24. Group Behavior

25. Tuckman's five stage theory of
Group Development
Forming Norming Storming Performing
Individual
Issue
"How do i fit
in?"
"Whats my role
here?"
"What do the
others expect
me to do?"
"How can i
best perform
my role?"
Group Issue "Why are we
here?"
"Why are we
fighting over
who's in charge
and who does
what?"
"Can we agree
on roles and
work as a
team?"
"can we do
the job
properly?"