1. Cells
• Cells were first discovered in 1665 by an English scientist
Robert Hooke, when he looked at a thin slice of cork under
his microscope.
• The structures that he saw reminded him of the rooms that
monks lived in, so he called them cells.

2. Cell theory
• All living things are made of 1 or more cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in all organisms
• All cells come from cells that already exist.
• The cell is the smallest unit of life.

3. Types of cells
• Prokaryotic cells, these cells do not have a
nucleus. Their DNA is found throughout the cell.
The most common type of organism with
prokaryotic cells are bacteria.
• Eukaryotic cells, these cells have a nuclear
membrane, so that their DNA is located in a
central location. Animal and plant cells are
eukaryotic cells.
• you tube video

4. Parts of Eukaryotic cells
• The cell is made of smaller parts called
organelles.
• This word literally means little organs.
• Just like organs these structures perform
specific jobs for the cell.
• Plant and animal cells have both similar and
dissimilar structures.

5. Plant VS Animal Cells
Structures that 1 has and the other doesn’t
Plant cell structures
• 1 large Vacuole
• Cell Wall
• Chloroplasts
Animal cell structures
• Several Vacuoles
scattered throughout cell
• Lysosome

6. The nucleus
• The nucleus acts like the brain of the cell.
• It directs the other parts of the cell through
instructions printed on the DNA found on
chromosomes that make up the chromatin.
• The nucleus consists of three parts the
nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin.

7. Other structures of the cell
• Cytoplasm: the jelly-like liquid that provides
substances needed by the rest of the cell.
• Cell membrane: the semi-permeable membrane
that provides structure and support for the rest of
the cell, it also allows material to pass into and out
of the cell.
– Semi-permeable means it can pick and choose what
passes through.
– Active and Passive Transport Video
• Vacuole: this organelle is a storage area for food
and waste.

8. Other Organelles
• Mitochondria: These organelles produce energy
for the cell.
• The golgi bodies this organelle package materials
and move them out of the cell
• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) a folded
membrane that moves materials around the cell. It
is located around the nucleus
• Ribosomes are small 2 part structures that make
proteins for the cell. Some are attached to the ER,
others are scattered around the cell.

9. Special Organelles
• Cell Wall: an extra wall around the cell membrane that is
made of cellulose, the cell wall gives the plant cell
structure and support.
• Chloroplasts: these organelles are filled with a green
pigment called chlorophyll. This pigment converts the
sun’s energy into a usable form for the plant cell.
• Lysosomes: the lysosomes are organelles only found in
animal cells they help, the mitochondrion turn glucose into
energy.
• In plant cells the vacuole is much larger than the
vacuole(s) in animal cells.
• According to confirmed sources Kayla Green is so mean
she would make the meanest person in the world cry, even
the devil himself.

10. Cell Organization*
*see flow chart
• Cells are the basic units of life.
• Groups of similar cells form tissues, these
groups of cells work together to do a
particular job
• Tissues group together to form organs,
organs perform special tasks for the body.
• Groups of organs then form organ systems
that do specialized jobs for the body.
• Organ systems then work together to create
an organism