Think Grain Think Feed September issue

Volume 3 | Issue 12
October-2017
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EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Marketing & Designing
Ashwani Verma
Circulation & Subscription Head
Rahul Bhardwaj
Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale
Former Chairman, CLFMA of India
Mr. Amit Sachdev
Indian Representative, US Grain Council
Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand
US Soybean Export Council
Dr. Suhas Amrutkar
Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition,
MAFSU, Parbhani
Dr. SN Mohanty
Former Principal Scientist, CIFA
Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta
Agricultural Economist
Dr. Swamy Haladi
Feed Additive Expert
Dr. R Gnana Sekar
Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting
Dr. Suraj Amrutkar
Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC,
SKUAST-J, Jammu
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
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Managing Editor
Dr. T.K. Walli
Former Head,
Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
EDITORIAL
ome Oct-Nov., when it is the harvest
season for paddy, the burning of paddy
Cstraw stubbles in the fields of rural areas
of Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and UP, sends shivers down the
hearts of Delhites, when the sky is over cast with the dark grey smog
and the pollution levels go up so high that many people suffer from
respiratory diseases. The carbon dioxide levels may go up by 70%,
carbon mono oxide by 7 % and nitrous oxide by 1.2 % during this
phase. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) in Nov., 2015 had sent
directives to the above mentioned 5 states to ban the burning of crop
residues stubbles, which was hardly put in place for want of framing out
a proper plan. Putting a blanket ban on this burning problem is a kind
of ostrich like attitude, easier said than done. Farmers have in fact to be
educated as what to do with the stubbles, if the burning is banned
officially. Since, the field has immediately to be used for the sowing of
the next crop, mostly wheat, farmer generally feels helpless and finds
no other option but the burn the stubble. Govt. of India promised to
help the states and directed these states to give incentives to farmers,
who do not burn their stubbles. Since the output of the straw stubbles
is around 20 million tons, giving an incentive of Rs. 100 per quintal of
straw stubbles not burnt, amounts to Rs. 2000 crore which the Punjab
govt. has to give as incentive to farmers. On the other hand the NGT has
also fixed penality to the farmers who burn their straw stubbles, which
is : Rs 2500 for small farmers, Rs. 5000 for medium farmers and Rs.
15,000 for large farmers. But with no proper procedure for preventing
the burning of straw stubbles in place, farmers, many of whom are debt
ridden and resorting to commit suicide, find it so difficult to stop the
burning of straw stubbles.
No one has actually been seriously trying to tackle the
problem head on. The basic problem lies in cutting and collecting the
stubbles from the field. It needs a specially designed machinery to be
made available to the farmers. Since the usage of this machinery is
limited, only required for the two months of harvesting of paddy, for
the rest of the year, it has no use for the farmers, apart from the fact that
it may cost poor farmers a lot. The solution lies in purchasing this
machinery by the farmer's cooperative of federation for the cluster of
villages. This is the best incentive to be given to the farmer, if the
burning of the straw stubbles has to be stopped. Farmer may have to
pay a nominal amount for collecting and cutting of the stubbles. The
available biomass can then be used in a variety of ways, viz. as a
component of complete feed block, for making straw bales and pellets
as a feed component for ruminants. Apart from that, it can be used as a
biofuel or for the production of thermal power.
T. K. Walli
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
Crop residues stubbles
burning: Wastage of a
feed component

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Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
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Contents
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
05
ARTICLE
EVENT CALENDAR - 30
MARKET PROJECTION EVENT COVERAGE
16
14
08
INTERVIEW
26
A new cotton variety:
A safe protein source for non-ruminants
Nutritional Significance of
Dietary Cation Anion Difference
(DCAD) in Transition Cows
Overview on Innovations in Feed Mill
Efficiency and Feed Safety
Innovations in Feed Mill Efficiency
and Feed Safety
CLFMA of India celebrates
Golden Jubilee of its existence
UPCOMING EVENTS
26-28 October
2017
08-10 February
2018
Da ryINDUSTRY EXP 2017
The Farming & Processing Event

Cotton is one of the largest producing
crops around the world. The plant
provides cotton fibre as the raw
material for the textile industry. The
”byproduct” of cotton harvest is
cottonseed and its yield is 1.65 times
more than the weight of the cotton
produced. Cottonseed consists of 21%
oil and relatively high-quality protein
(23%). But the cotton plant also has
another – unwanted component: i.e.
“Gossypol”, which is present in the seed
and gets transferred into cake as well as
oil after oil extraction. This is a
secondary metabolite and serves as a
defense compound for the plant due
do its bitter taste. The free gossypol
gets detoxified in rumen by the
formation of gossypol-protein complex.
Therefore, its consumption does not
cause any harmful effects when
incorporated into the diet of adult
ruminants. In fact, cotton seed cake
serves as a naturally occurring bypass
protein for ruminants. However, the
non-ruminants are too sensitive to
R&D
05
A new cotton variety:
A safe protein source for non-ruminants
gossypol, which causes toxicity in poultry. However
recently, US researchers, at A & M University, Texas, US
(Rathore et al, Feedipeia, 2017) have developed a
gossypol-free variety of cottonseed.
Toxicity caused by gossypol
Cottonseed as such or cotton seed cake, are both used
as a proteineous feed ingredients for ruminants. In fact,
it has been reported that feeding of seed as such or the
cake increases the fat content in the milk of cows and
buffaloes. The toxic principal, viz. “Gossypol” present in
the cake gets bound to proteins in the rumen to form a
complex. Therefore, its feeding to adult ruminants
generally does not cause any toxicity. Sometimes even
adult cattle can suffer from gossypol toxicity above a
certain level of consumption of cottonseed/ cotton seed
cake. Young animals, without fully developed rumen, are
more sensitive to gossypol compared to the adult
ruminants. However, monogastric animals such as pigs,
birds, fish, and rodents are more susceptible to gossypol
toxicity.
Biotechnological approach for the elimination of
gossypol
Cottonseed and its cake as such has the potential to be
used in the diet of non ruminants as well. But before
that we have to get rid of the culprit hidden in the seed,
Tej K. Walli , BENISON Media
ImageSource:Multimedia

R&D Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
06
the “Gossypol”. The elimination of
gossypol could be a boon for cotton-
producing countries, which
unfortunately are also those, the ones
suffering from feed shortage and more
specifically protein shortage. After the
elimination of the toxin, its seed or the
oil cake can be used as a protein source
for poultry, swine or aquaculture
species. The elimination from the
cottonseed has been a long-standing
goal of geneticists and cottonseed
processors.
In the 90s, biotechnology tools were
able to identify the first gene that
encodes an important enzyme involved
at a critical step in gossypol
biosynthetic pathway of the gossypol.
In addition, another important
component, a DNA sequence that can
be used to control seed-specific
expression or silencing of a given gene
was also isolated from cotton and
genetically characterized.
Production of Ultra-low Gossypol
Cottonseed
. In the late 90s, the biological
community came to understand a
natural biological phenomenon known
as RNA interference (RNAi) that can
also be used to silence a desired gene in an eukaryotic
organism. A team at Texas A&M University used a
combination of these three tools and technologies to
engineer a cotton plant that resulted in the reduction of
gossypol from ~10,000 ppm to about 250 ppm in the
seed (the United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization and World Health Organization guidelines
permit up to 600 ppm free gossypol in edible
cottonseed products).
The Ultra-low Gossypol Cottonseed (ULGCS), developed
by the US researchers has been further tested in the
field as a feed ingredient for non-ruminants. The field
results have shown that egg and broiler production
could be done most efficiently, using the ULGCS. This
news can bring cheer to Indian feed, poultry, pig and
aqua industries, which is reeling under shortage of
protein feeds. India being the biggest cotton producer
in the world is also experiencing increasing
consumption of eggs and poultry, and also fish. ULGCS
has shown the promise as fishmeal replacement. This
has been recently demonstrated in the diets of shrimp
and juvenile Southern flounder by Richardson et al.,
2016 and Alam et al., unpublished. Texas A&M
University is planning additional aquaculture and
poultry feeding studies to fully evaluate the nutritional
value of ULGCS.
Source: Feedipedia.org.
The author is not the part of the A&M Texas University Research Group, but has
modified the original paper, to suit the TGTF readership
China's plant to increase the use of
bioethanol will not have a significant
impact on the grain market, and it
would be unrealistic for the country to
import large amounts of corn for the
industry's development, a government
official told Xinhua Net.
"The government plan to increase
ethanol fuel production was for
consuming corn stocks," said Han Jun,
director of the central agricultural work
leading team office, at a press
conference.
Years of support for corn farmers has
left China with a substantial stockpile.
In 2016, China's corn output stood at
around 220 million tonnes, while stocks
amounted to 230 million tonnes.
According to government estimates,
China's stockpile will suffice to meet demand in the
short term, Han said, achieving a supply-demand
balance in the corn market in three to five years.
For China, the basic principle of developing biofuel is
not to pose threat to food security, Jun explained.
China launched corn-to-ethanol pilot programmes in
2004 as part of efforts to cut emissions and advance
new energy, and it is the world's third-largest bioethanol
producer, using nearly 2.6 million tonnes a year.
Earlier this month, China said it wanted nationwide use
of bioethanol gasoline by 2020, and aimed to have an
advanced liquid biofuel system and demonstration
facility in operation by then, capable of producing
50,000 tonnes of cellulosic ethanol a year.
To reduce corn stocks, China said it would reduce its
corn planting area by around 670,000 hectares and
switch to other crops in 2017.
Suorce: Biofuels International
Estimate of S&D balance in
China's corn market
INDUSTRYNEWS

PELLETING TIPS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
08
There has been consistent increase in
the demand on human food supply
from farmed animals in line with
increase in global human population.
Animal protein supply has to be
affordable and better feed efficiency
of livestock and poultry will play a
major role in realizing this demand.
Feed cost accounts for more than
70% of poultry production cost and
hence, efficient feed milling can
reduce the cost of feed production.
In addition to affordability, the
modern agriculture has focused on
feed safety as a global concern for
several years now. India's growing
middle and upper social strata show
strong conscience towards high food quality and
safety prompting feed millers and integrators to use
best feed management strategies to keep molds,
bacteria and mycotoxins at bay. This article reviews
recent innovations in feed mill efficiency, mold and
mycotoxin management.
Feed mill challenges
Although initially, feed raw materials have an
average moisture content of 12%, its hammer-mill-
crushing, grinding and ingredient mixing stages let
moisture evaporate and thereby decrease the initial
moisture content often to below 11%.To become
profitable, this loss needs to be recovered to obtain
12% moisture in the finished feed. Figure 1 illustrates
a typical moisture profile during the feed
manufacturing process. Inferior quality wet steam
added during feed conditioning, however,
Innovations in Feed Mill
Efficiency and Feed Safety
Swamy Haladi, Kai-J. Kuehlmann, Paul Koolen, Trouw Nutrition

09
condensates during the cooling stage
resulting in vast breeding grounds for
molds and bacteria around the feed
particles. Dry steam application in
the conditioner is more challenging
compared to wet steam
application.To avoid mold and
bacterial contamination of feed
during the cooling process, often
finished feeds are being produced
with lower moisture content than
initially contained by its feed raw material
ingredients, leading to a financial feed efficiency
loss. Such losses have a significant impact on a
commercial millers' management by feed volume,
quality and value. Poultry integrators often suffer
from reduced bird's growth performance.
Further, the Indian poultry feed industry suffers from
poor pellet feed quality in terms of PDI, hardness,
fines, etc. The main reason, along with many other
factors, for poor pellet quality seems to stem from
the use of poor quality steam.
Since the Indian modern agricultural industry is fully
aware of the presence of molds, pathogenic bacteria
and mycotoxins causing strong economical setbacks
in feed quality, animal health condition and ultimate
profitability, proper management strategies to
combat these feed-efficiency impacting trilogy need
to be implemented for strong animal health
performance and quality assurance.
Feed mill solutions
Commonly water is added into the feed mixer to
prevent moisture loss during feed production in spite
of knowingtwo major risks; (i) wetting the feed
dough increases the feedstuff's surface tension (ii)
potential mold growth. Surfactants reduce the
surface tension and allow even moisture penetration
of mixed feedstuff, thereby reducing mold formation
by wet spots(Figure 2). The feed dough becomes
smoother consuming less energy and higher dies
throughput. Here strong production capacity
improvements and energy savings can be obtained
as the pelletizer accounts for about half the energy
consumed during feed milling.
Activated propionates
Moldgrowth infeed raw materials and processed
feeds are persistent during harvest, transportation,
storage and processing periods and become a higher
challenge under tropical humid and warm climate
conditions. Aside from consuming the feed raw
materials' nutrients, molds produce mycotoxins or
block respiratory functions – all leading to heavy
impacts on animal's health and performance. Mold
Figure 2 - Mode of action of surfactants mixture
Surfactants mixture dosed to feed particles Surfactants reduce the water surface tension
Even distribution of surfactants and water Increased water binding capacity
Figure 1. Moisture content in feed during processing
Moisture%infeed

control is commonly being managed
with propionic acid and its salts. To
more efficiently break through the
mold's cell wall, micelle-driven
activated propionates can be used as
they increase the cell wall's
porosity.This leads to stronger
decrease in the mold's cytoplasmic
pH leading to cell death (Figure 3).
The synergistic mold-inhibiting acid
blend further assures a long lasting
antifungal effect.
Feed moisture management
through efficient dosing systems
Moisture retention times above 80%
are key factors for high quality feed
storage with concomitant moisture
and nutritional levels prior to animal
feeding. The Moisture Management
System (MMS) with its real-time in
line moisture determination during
feed mixing guarantees optimal
moisture content throughput and
strong mold and bacterial inhibition
during feed processing. The MMSis
available as moisture measuring (i)
“stand-alone” and (ii) interface-card connected
application paves the way for optimal feed mill
operation with high quality standards by adjusting
the water-mold-inhibiting-product mix to the real-
time moisture content of the raw feed materials
during mixing.
The rapid mycotoxin analysis
Out of the more than 500 mycotoxins presently
known, six (AF, DON, FUM, OTA, T-2/HT-2 and ZEA)
are being recognized as the most harmful to
livestock growth and health performance, especially
considering the use of multiple feed ingredients.
Thus, strong and effective quality control is needed
to restrict and allow only high quality feed raw
material entrance to feed mills. Here, a rapid
mycotoxin analysis needs to be in place!
Sophisticated analytical methods, such as HPLC and
LC-MS/MS are certainly more precise; however, time-
consuming to obtain acceptable results at the feed
mills entrance area.
Hence, a rapid mycotoxin analysis kit is developed
which can analyze the most animal-performance
inhibiting six mycotoxins of present industry
relevance in less than 15 min based on theanalytical
lateral flow-technology. Additionally, customers
analyzing their more than 50 feed raw materials and
finished feeds by using this technology, can get
connected to master database called “The Nutriopt
Mycotoxin Advisor”. Real-time regional mycotoxin
analyzed updates comparable with their own non-
disclosed situation will be provided to the customers
and also the respective advise on inclusion rates of
mycotoxin binder into feed. This is a unique
approach to assist quality assurance and animal
health performance in modern feed milling of India.
Conclusions
Enhanced process moisture management and
microbial risk management assist poultry producers
in assuring feed safety and to further
increaseprofitabilityfrom their feed sales or poultry
performance.
To know more about rapid mycotoxin analysis kit, please contact
Swamy.Haladi@trouwnutrition.com
PELLETING TIPS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
10
Figure 4-Illustration of moisture management system
Data management
system automatic
dosing adjustment
Microwave
moisture
sensor
Target moisture 13%
Process value
13%
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cell cytoplasm
Step3
Cell wall Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cell cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell cytoplasm
Figure 3 – Destabilization of cell membrane with micelles of activated propionates
Step2Step1

INDUSTRY NEWS
12
Argentina is the largest exporter of
animal feed and corn for Vietnam from
South America with a value of US$1.6
billion in the first eight months of this
year, according to the General
Department of Vietnam Customs.
In the period, animal feed and corn
accounted for 86% of total import
value. Vietnam imported more than US$1 billion of
animal feed and materials from Argentina (up 4.92%)
and 2.7 million tons of corn valued at US$525.7 million
(up 54.66% in volume and 59.83% in value against the
same period last year).
In general, 87.5% of import products from Argentina
saw a growth in eight months, particularly cotton (up
357.07% to US$6 million).
Source: Thai News Service
Vietnam: Animal feed, corn imports
from Argentina account for large share
ICAR, the government's premier
agricultural research body, aims to
increase oilseeds production by 40
per cent in the next five years to 45
million tonnes by bringing more area
under cultivation and raising crop
yield.
“The increase in oilseeds output
would help the country in cutting
down import of vegetable oils to less
than 50 per cent from the current 70
per cent,” A Vishnuvardhan Reddy,
Director, Indian Institute of Oilseeds
Research, said.
India produced 32.1 million tonnes of
oilseeds in the 2016–17 crop year
(July–June) from 26.21 million
hectares at a productivity of 1,225 kg
per hectare. The country imported
about 14.5 million tonnes of
vegetable oils in 2016–17.
“An action plan has been prepared to
bring at least an additional 3.5
million hectares area under oilseeds
crops in the next five years,” Reddy
said. “The institute has identified 17.5
million hectares of fallow land in
various states and out of that it wants
at least 3.5 million hectares to be
brought under oilseeds crop,” he
added.
“We are also targeting to increase
average productivity to 1,500 kg per
hectare in next five year from current
1,225 kg per hectare through use of
good agricultural practices,” Reddy
said. “Increase in area to about 30 million hectares
coupled with higher yield of 15 quintal per hectare
will lead to increase in production to 45 million
tonnes in the next five years,” he said.
“Production of 45 million tonnes of oilseeds would
reduce our import dependence to less than 50 per
cent from the current about 70 per cent,” Reddy said,
adding that the country could become self sufficient
in the next 10 years. He highlighted that area under
oilseeds has grown 1.88 times, while production has
risen by 4.99 times and yield 2.86 times since
1966–67.
Reddy emphasised on improving irrigation facility
and transfer of latest technology to farmers to boost
yield and output of rainfed oilseeds crop.
“The country imported edible oil worth 73,048 crore
in 2016–17 and exported oils, cakes and meals worth
Rs 20,913 crore,” Reddy said.
He said the consumption of edible oil has risen to 18
kg per year and is estimated to touch nearly 22 kg
annually by 2022. “Ideally, we should consume 11-12
kg,” Reddy said.
The ICAR institute has pegged the total vegetable oil
requirement at 33.20 million tonnes by 2022 and
estimated that 17.03 million tonnes would be
available from domestic market and over 16 million
tonnes would be imported.
“With the economy doing well and income levels
going up, per capita edible oil consumption has risen
to approximately 17 kg. During the nineties, our
dependence on imported oils was only about 3 per
cent of our overall consumption. However, this has
now ballooned to about 70 per cent,” edible oil
industry body SEA said recently.
Source: Business Line
ICAR aims to raise oilseed output by
40% to 45mn ton by 2022

13
Based on figures provided Oct. 5 by the
U.S. Department of Agriculture and
analyzed by the U.S. Grains Council
(USGC), the U.S. exported 114.1 million
metric tons of feed grains in all forms
(GIAF) from September 2016 to August
2017, a 12% increase from the prior
year and a new record for the category.
U.S. corn exports realized substantial
gains, with the most exports since
2007-08, as 58.1 million tons (2.29
billion bu.) of U.S. corn were exported
in the marketing year, USGC noted. The
21% year-over-year increase was driven
by purchases made by long-term
trading partners such as Mexico, Japan,
South Korea and Taiwan as well as
increased exports to markets like Saudi
Arabia, Colombia and Peru.
Record-setting U.S. ethanol sales
surged even higher, with 1.37 billion
gal. (488 million bu. in corn equivalent)
exported, a 34% year-over-year increase
driven by increased exports to Brazil and India.
Additionally, USGC said the quantity of U.S. exports of
dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) stayed
steady with the previous marketing year, at 12.9 million
tons exported.
“The global market for U.S. DDGS diversified
significantly with increased purchasing by numerous
customers, including Mexico, Turkey, South Korea,
Canada and even New Zealand. The increases offset a
substantial decrease by the top two traditional buyers --
China and Vietnam -- which faced policy challenges,”
USGC said.
In contrast, U.S. exports of both sorghum and barley
declined in the 2016-17 marketing year, primarily due to
decreases in the exportable supply. With continued
purchases by Mexico, China and other buyers, U.S.
sorghum exports totaled 6.04 million tons (238 million
bu.), a 30% drop over the year but still greater than the
prior five-year average of 5.3 million tons (209 million bu.).
U.S. barley exports totaled nearly 114,000 tons (5.22
million bu.), with important purchases for Japan's food
barley market as well as brewers in Mexico.
Source: farmprogress
Exports of feed grains
break record-USDA

14
Well, as you have been serving the Asian commodity
market for last 5 years, we would like to know your
understanding of the Indian feed commodity market
vis-a-vis Asian feed ingredient market?
Could you share some statistics that may illustrate
S&D of feed business in the country?
In your view, what are the main problems the Indian
livestock sector is facing and what are your
suggestions?
India's feed industry is reliant upon raw materials and
ingredients mostly produced domestically, while several
Asian countries are dependent on imports. Though
maize and soybean form the biggest chunk of raw
materials, India's rich crop diversity is indeed very unique
and proves valuable in feed formulations. However, more
research is needed towards making these more
commercially viable so that the industry has a wider
array of raw materials to choose from.
India produced about 31 million tonnes (Source: Alltech
feed survey 2017). Around three-fourth of it is consumed
by the poultry sector (broiler and layer) and the cattle
(dairy) and aqua segments form the rest. But if the feed
demand is to be worked out based on the recommended
international standards, India's dairy sector has
enormous potential of over 60 million tonnes. Similarly,
Aqua segment is one of the fast growing segments and
its demand could rise exponentially from the current
level of around 1 million tonnes.
We are one of the most efficient producers of meat and
egg globally and yet we still have many challenges to
Mr Raghavan
Sampathkumar is an
agribusiness professional
with 13+ years of
experience working in
Corporate and industry
association in different sub-
sectors of Food, Agriculture
and Animal industries
across Asia Pacific, has
joined The Compound
Livestock Feed
Manufacturers Association
(CLFMA) as their Executive
Director.
Raghavan Sampathkumar

15
overcome. India's poultry industry is
one of the most efficient in terms of
FCR. Similarly, India is one of the
prominent exporters of meat
particularly bovine meat and egg
globally. We have our stronghold in
certain markets including Middle East.
It is true that there are challenges but it
is not appropriate to generalise the
issues that are unique to each segment.
Obviously, in dairy sector, more needs
to be done in terms of improving the
genetic potential of animals and
encouraging use of high quality,
nutritious feed. However, some
suggestions such as boosting
investments in cold storage, logistics
and processing of meat and milk;
building consumer awareness about
health and nutrition aspects towards
animal protein; and supportive tax
frameworks are needed to propel the
livestock industry's growth further.
This question must be a subset of how
the country's overall protein demand is
going to be met and how the animal
protein sector can play an enhanced
role. Having worked in the plant protein
sector also, I would say there is no
simple answer to it but there are some
What are the different ways to
address the growing protein
requirement of Indian Animal feed
industry?
areas that can be addressed on priority. Firstly,
productivity of crops such as pulses needs to be
improved, which will make them more affordable.
Second, the possibility of using more plant proteins for
animal protein production must be explored and more
research is needed on this. Coming to the animal feed
side, already the feed industry is doing all it can to
maximise protein efficiency from diverse feed raw
materials and research efforts are going on to make
better use of the existing raw materials and also new
ones. However, globally, other alternatives such as insect
proteins have already been commercially available. It is
only a matter of time before we see them in India.
Firstly, CLFMA of India thanks the Government for
exempting animal feed under the GST regime
acknowledging its enormous contribution towards the
nation's food and nutritional security. In general, GST
has simplified the taxation framework but still there are
some sector-specific issues related to feed raw materials
and ingredients, on which we are working closely with
the authorities concerned. The industry always supports
scientifically-sound and unbiased policy and regulatory
frameworks and is committed to work with the
stakeholders. One of the immediate priorities would be
to have policies to maximize investments in improving
processing, logistical and distribution infrastructure for
agricultural products.
India's food demand is growing enormously and our
median age is about 30. With such a large chunk of
youth, our potential is huge in every sector. Particularly,
India's growing middle class and urbanization is driving
protein demand and the country's animal feed sector is
also catching up fast to cater to the increased demand
for feed. I am personally quite optimistic about the
industry's CAGR of around 8% in the medium and long
run when I look at all the macroeconomic and
demographic indicators.
We just turned 50 years and if we look back there are
some great milestones achieved and yet there are
always areas to improve. We are looking to strengthen
CLFMA's internal capabilities and our abilities to
represent our members more effectively. Also, we will
play more active role in leading agenda for the growth
of India's animal protein sector in general and will be
further enhancing our engagement with all stakeholders
including in the government, academia and other
related industries henceforth.
Due to GST impact, India's GDP grew 5.7 percent on
a year-on-year basis during the April-June period
(Q1). Can you please share its impact over Indian
feed industry? What policy changes do you
recommend for its growth?
Please give your own assessment with regard to the
future of Indian Feed Industry.
What kind of changes one may expect from your
new role assigned to you by CLFMA of India?

ARTICLE
16
Introduction
Dietary Cation-Anion Difference(DCAD)
balancing is a complex concept but has
simple and profound effect on
performance and health of dairy
animals. It exerts strong and linear
effect on metabolic disease
(Hypocalcaemia or milk fever). It plays
vital role in transition period. DCAD
deals with mineral homeostasis and
acid base balance. Milk fever
(periparturient paresis) occurs in dairy
cattle after calving because of low
blood calcium levels as result of
calcium moving into milk. There are
about 23 grams of calcium in 10 litres
of colostrum, and when this is added to
the normal amount of calcium needed
for maintenance, the needs of the cow
can be more than 10 times the supply
of calcium in her bloodstream. When
the demand for calcium is greater than
the supply in the blood this can cause
the problems of milk fever, unless the
cow can rapidly mobilize stored
calcium in her body (e.g. in bones) to offset the
situation. A nutritional approach to managing milk fever
involves monitoring specific elements in the diet.
Dietary Management during Prepartum period
For purpose of optimal nutritional management of dairy
cows which are fed prepared feeds, the dry period is
divided into two distinct categories-far-off dry and
close- up or transition groups respectively. Minerals
nutrition of close-up group is highly significant.
Minerals should be provided to close-up cows in known
quantities either as part of grain mixture or total mixed
ration (TMR).
Calcium and Phosphorus nutrition
Diets high in calcium during the prepartum can result in
high incidence of milk fever and diets low in calcium will
reduce the incidence of milk fever in dairy cows.
Feeding more than 100gm of calcium daily during dry
period is associated with increased incidence of milk
fever. A cow weighing 500 kg requires only 33gm daily
Ca to meets its fetal and maintenance demands in last
two months of gestation. Diets with low calcium
20gm/day fed during last two weeks before calving is
highly effective. Low dietary calcium activates calcium
homeostatic mechanisms before calving which helps
Nutritional Significance of
Dietary Cation Anion Difference
(DCAD) in Transition Cows
Dr Manish Pathak, Kemin Industries South Asia
ImageSource:Agriland

17
cow to absorb intestinal calcium and to
mobilize calcium from bone. At least 14
days low calcium diets are required for
minimizing the risk of milk fever.
Supplementing dry cow ration with
sodium aluminium silicate and
soyabean oil during last two weeks of
pregnancy is effective in preventing
milk fever. They both act as dietary
calcium binder. Increased level of
phosphorus, >80gm per head /day, can
also increase the incidence of milk
fever. Increased serum phosphorus has
an inhibitory effect on renal enzymes,
when lowered will reduce intestinal
calcium absorption.
Cation-anion difference (DCAD)
The calculation for DCAD requires
converting the various anions and
cations in a diet into milliequivalents
(mEq). This is done because of the
different chemistry of each element
and a system that accounts for the
impact of each one in the balance
calculation is necessary. DCAD is
reported in mEq/kg of diet. The DCAB
equation involves subtracting the mEq
of anions from the mEq of cations and
the result can be positive or negative.
An important aspect of evaluating a
diet for DCAD is that the mineral
content of the diet has been accurately
determined. A mineral analysis by wet chemistry, not by
near-infrared (NIR) analysis is important. Another
consideration is to adjust for the cations and anions
present in drinking water. Not all minerals in water are
necessarily nutritionally available to the cow but water
high in cations or anions could affect the DCAB.
DCAD only measures the levels of four macro-
minerals in the diet:
Cations (+): Sodium (Na) & Potassium(K)
Anions (-): Chloride (Cl) & Sulphur (S).
Measured in mEq/kg of dry matter
Sodium + Potassium) - (Chloride + Sulphur) = DCAD
The equation does not include other dietary cations and
anions like Ca2, Mg2, and PO4 which have a minor role.
This is a more accurate and practical method of
controlling milk fever.
Milliequivalents (mEq):
Milliequivalents are calculated by multiplying the
content of each element in the diet by a conversion
factor.
Mineral Conversion Factor
Sodium 435
Potassium 256
Chloride 282
Sulphur 624
Positive DCAD
More Cations (+) than anions (-) in feed leads to the
production of more blood buffers and less hydrogen
ion (metabolic alkalosis).This should be strictly avoided
in transition period.
Negative DCAD
More anions (-) than cations (+) in feed leads to the
reduction of blood buffers and allows for accumulation of
hydrogen ion (metabolic acidosis). Diets high in cations,
especially sodium and potassium, tends to induce milk
fever compared with those high in anions viz chloride and
sulphur. Most studies indicate that a DCAD of -50 to -100
mEq/kg DM is optimal for prevention of milk fever.
Supplementation of diets in the last 3 weeks prepartum
with anionic salts at a rate sufficient to decrease DCAD to
-15mEq/100gm of dietary DM and urine pH to 6.0
prevented most cases of parturient hypocalcaemia.
Monitoring urine pH can be a useful aid to find the
effective intermediate inclusion rate and it is suggested
that a urine pH of about 6.5 is ideal. Commercial anionic
products fed to non-lactating dairy cows in a total mixed
ration, after 4 days reduced urine pH below the desired
threshold level of 6.5.
Effect of DCAD on Dry matter intake, performance in
pre-and postpartum dairy cows
Cows had numerically lowered DMI in transition period

18
with reduced DCAD. It is advisable to
select more palatable anion sources or a
reduced dose of anion sources if DMI is
depressed.eg Ammonium chloride,
Magnesium sulphate, Magnesium
chloride. Ammonium chloride is more
effective than most other salts as an
acidifier and useful practically in control
of milk fever. About 11% dry matter
intake (DMI) and 9% milk yield were
increased in early lactating cows fed
+200 vs. - 100 DCAD diet. Various
research says that milk fat and total solid
percentages and 4% FCM yield increased
for cows fed positive DCAD in early
lactation period. 21% incidence of milk
fever is reduced when ammonium
chloride is used.
Effect of DCAD on Metabolic
disorders in pre and postpartum dairy
cows
The prevalence of hypocalcemia is as
high as 70% for multiparous cows,
although only 8% exhibited clinical
hypocalcemia that lowers the 16% yearly
milk yield. Feeding low DCAD during the
3 to 4 week before calving had beneficial
effects on systemic acid-base status,
calcium metabolism, Ketosis, fatty liver,
mastitis, udder edema and also
postpartum productive performance.
However, feeding negative DCAD to
periparturient dairy cows proved a
useful nutritional practice. Hypocalcemia
is a predisposing factor for dystocia,
prolapsed uterus, retained placenta and
early metritis. So feeding negative DCAD
and positive DCAD pre and postpartum
is seen highly significant to control
metabolic disorders.
Role of fodder in DCAD balancing
Green fodder plays vital in DCAD either
it is positive or negative. During close up
phase for achieving negative DCAD
green fodder like sorghum, jowar,
berseem, alfalfa and dry fodder wheat
straw should be eliminated from diet
because they are rich source of sodium
and potassium, Instead, one should use
corn silage, maize green and
concentrates. Practical experience shows
that feeding green fodder like sorghum,
jowar and leguminous fodder has
detrimental effect on health status of
cow which are seen in terms of udder
oedema, Retention of Placenta (ROP)
teat bleeding soon after calving.
Role of Magnesium in DCAD balancing
In transition dietary magnesium should be balanced to
0.4% DM It is seen that complications like milk fever and
Downer's Cow are more prevalent in postpartum.
Magnesuim chloride is commonly used in transition to
cure such complications.
Management of DCAD by application of
gluconeogenic precursors and anionic salts.
Commonly it is seen that there is reduced DMI in
transition phase which leads to negative energy in
transition cows, if this negative energy is not cured milk
fever, ketosis, Downer's cows, phosphorus deficiency like
metabolic disorder prevails which is lethal for milk
production. In that case, a gluconeogenic precursor is
highly effective, It not only combats negative energy with
help of anionic salts like ammonium chloride, calcium
chloride, magnesium chloride but also counteracts with
disorders like milk fever, ketosis and other metabolic
problems which means that simultaneous use of anionic
salts help in management of DCAD.
Conclusions
Supplementation of –ve DCAD during transition leads to
increase blood calcium, which prevents milk fever,
reduces udder odema, retained placenta and displaced
abomasum and ketosis in postpartum cows.
1. If a diet is calculated to be +200 mEq/kg dry matter
or more, a switch to lower potassium forages in the
dry cow diet should be considered first. In some
cases, the introduction of anionic products,
particularly the older anionic salts, can reduce feed
intake because they may be unpalatable. Reduced
feed intake before calving can create bigger
problems than milk fever, such as displaced
abomasum and ketosis. Simultaneous use of anionic
salts like calcium chloride or ammonium chloride
along with some gluconeogenic precursor, not only
combats negative energy but helps to manage DCAD
efficiently.
2. The DCAD in the transition diet should be between
negative-50 to -100mEq/kg dry matter to effectively
control milk fever and low blood calcium.
3. Avoid usage of green fodder like jowar, sorghum,
berseem, alfa-alfa and wheat straw to attain negative
DCAD, because they are rich in sodium and
potassium. Use corn silage, corn green to attain
negative DCAD.
4. Monitor cow urine when using anionic products.
Urine pH is a reasonable indicator of metabolic pH
status and reflects the effectiveness of anionic
products. Urine pH should be 6.0 to 6.5 for Holsteins
and 5.5 to 6.0 for Jerseys.
5. A gradual introduction to anionic products and
gluconeogenic precursor incorporating them into a
total mixed ration (TMR) can reduce palatability
problems.
To know more about gluconeogenic precursor, please contact
manish.pathak@kemin.com
Reference are available on request.
ARTICLE

INDUSTRY NEWS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
20
Soaring Chinese Soybean Stocks to
Curb Import Growth – USDA
US officials cautioned over expectations
of a substantial rise in Chinese soybean
imports, citing the “high” stocks of the
oilseed already bought, amid market
questions over a slow pace of US
export orders.
The US Department of Agriculture's
Beijing bureau pegged at 92.5m tonnes
soybean imports by China, the world's
top buyer, in 2017-18 on an October-
to-September basis.
While a rise of 1.5m tonnes year on
year, and representing a record high,
the forecast is well below the USDA's
official forecast of 94.0m tonnes.
It also comes amid persistent market
questions over US soybean exports in
the new season, with advance orders
down 39% year on year.
Competitive prices
The bureau, relatively, weak forecast for
China's soy imports was attributed to a
hangover from strong purchases for
2016-17, for which growth in buy-ins
was pegged at 7.8m tonnes.
“Adequate global soybean supplies at
competitive prices have encouraged
Chinese buyers to increase imports
since late 2016,” the bureau said in a
report.
In July, “China's monthly soybean
imports hit a record of over 10m tonnes,” a gain of 30%
year on year, a jump “partially due to the government's
reduction, of two percentage points, to the value added
tax”, a cut that came into effect at the start of that
month.
Soybean imports, which for the January-to-July period
were up 16.8% at 545.89m tonnes, “could have been
even higher if some traders had not chosen to resell
some of their shipments to other markets during July
and August”.
Negative margins
However, with consumption of the soybeans unable to
keep pace with their supply, “the resulting high soybean
stocks left at the end of 2016-17 will temper net import
growth in 2017-18”, the bureau said.
Margins enjoyed by soybean crushers have since
February “turned negative”, a trend that “is expected to
continue during the last months of 2016-17”.
Prospects for China's import growth are “considerably
lower” than in 2016-17, for which buy-ins were seen
rising by 7.8m tonnes.
Crushers close
The comments follow a series of reports last month of
Chinese crushers suspending operations in the face of
weak margins, which were weighed by the dent to
soymeal prices from a build-up in inventories of the
feed ingredient.
Processors in Shandong, China's top crushing region,
were actually estimated by Reuters recently to be seeing
positive crushing margins, but at a weak 8.17 yuan per
tonne of soybeans.
ImageSource:Bloomberg

Ports are also said to have been
overwhelmed by the volumes of
soybean imports – prompting indeed
some merchants to seek alternative
markets for some cargos.
Running behind pace
Meanwhile, in the US, there remain
concerns over a slower pace of export
sales orders for 2017-18, which started
in the country on Friday, despite a flurry
of recent purchases by Chinese buyers,
typically of 136,000 tonnes.
“This seems to be repeater number we have seen near
daily for the last three weeks,” said Benson Quinn
Commodities, while flagging that China's “new crop
purchases running behind pace”.
Indeed, China had, as of August 24, purchased a little
under 5.0m tonnes of US soybeans for delivery in 2017-
18 (on a September-to-August basis) – a figure down
39% from the year-ago comparative.
Overall US soybean export sales for 2017-18, at 11.5m
tonnes, are also down 39% year on year.
Source: AgriMoney
The Vietnam government has
authorized the resumption of imports
of distillers dried grains (DDGS) from
the US, a co-product of ethanol
production used as a key ingredient in
animal feed.
Imports were suspended last December
after quarantine pests were detected in
a shipment of DDGS, the US Trade
Representative and Agriculture
Department said in a statement issued on September 6.
Prior to the suspension, Vietnam was the third-largest
market for US DDGS, with exports valued at more than
US$230 million in 2016.
The resolution of this issue paves the way for increased
corn and wheat shipments, which were restricted due to
previous treatment requirements, according to the
statement issued by the two US agencies.
Source: Thai News Service
Vietnam to resume importing distillers
dried grain from the US
INDUSTRY NEWS
22
INDUSTRYNEWS

24
Biofuels in the EU are deeply
intertwined with global food and feed
markets. As the EU discusses its future
biofuels policy, their contribution to the
bloc's animal feed supply and impact
on food prices have emerged as major
battlegrounds between supporters and
critics.
In its proposal for the recast of the
Renewable Energy Directive for 2021-
2030 (RED II), the European
Commission called for a reduction of
the cap on first-generation biofuels,
made from food crops, used in the
transport sector from 7% in 2020 to
3.8% in 2030. The proposal is currently
being debated in the European
Parliament's committees ahead of a
final vote in January 2018.
Cutting feed imports
By-products from biodiesel and
bioethanol crops generate some 17
million tonnes of feed for EU livestock
every year. According to the association
of EU farmers and agri-cooperatives
Copa-Cogeca, EU support for first-
generation biofuels under the 2009
Renewable Energy Directive (RED I) has
cut the bloc's dependence on imports
of animal feed proteins by 10%.
“First generation biofuels produced
from arable crops grown in the EU
replace four to five million hectares of
soya that would otherwise be imported
from third countries, mainly in South
America,” stated Copa-Cogeca.
For Marijana Petir, a Croatian MEP (EPP
group) and member of the European Parliament's
agriculture committee, told to EURACTIV that not only
would this leave farmers more dependent on imports,
but in contrast to the feed produced by the EU biofuel
industry those imports will be based on genetically
modified (GMO) material.
Europe's farmers still import around 70% of the plant
protein they need to feed their livestock. The majority of
imports come from South America, costing €12bn per
year. And the cut in imports has not necessarily driven
down feed prices in Europe.
Broader market disturbances
“Stable agricultural markets lead to increased
investments and increased productivity, which is
beneficial for food as well as biofuels,” the Copa-Cogeca
study stated. “Conventional biofuels are not
automatically synonymous with market conflicts.”
And simply finding new markets for the newly
generated surplus is not a viable option, according to
the industry.
“There is no alternative outlet in the EU to absorb 6.4
million tonnes of rapeseed oil. Neither is it realistic to
consider that this volume will replace imported tropical
oils,” Nathalie Lecocq, the director-general of Fediol, the
organisation representing the EU vegetable oil and
protein meal industry, told EURACTIV.
“No alternative”
What is more, the Fediol secretary-general said that if
oilseed producers, who provide the raw materials for
biodiesel, were to switch to other crops, such as wheat,
it would “drive crop prices down across the board,
reducing farmers profitability”.
Cereal prices have already fallen 40% in three years due
to record global production. Converting the EU's
rapeseed fields to wheat would increase EU production
by 15% and further undermine prices.
Source: Euractiv
Impact of biofuels phase-out on
European feed industry
ImageSource:Euobserver
INDUSTRY NEWS

EVENT COVERAGE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
26
On the occasion of 50th Anniversary,
CLFMA of India organised golden
jubilee celebration ceremony on 15-16
Sept., 2017 in Mumbai. On this
occasion professionals representing
different institutions and diversified
fields related to feed production across
India had come together to discuss and
work out the strategies towards
achieving the Prime Minister Shri
Narendra Modi's mission of “Doubling
farmers' income by 2022”. The theme of
the symposium was to discuss the “Role
of Animal Agriculture in Doubling
Farmers' Income”.
The event witnessed a swarm of
representatives from animal agriculture
companies across India as well as
abroad who participated in the two-day
event. At an event inaugurated by Shri
Devendra Fadnavis, Hon'ble Chief
Minister, Government of Maharashtra,
CLFMA, the nodal association of
livestock industry called for liaison with
the governments, institutions and
associations to formulate favourable policies which
would help upbringing the sectors growth and improve
farmers' income. Present at the ceremony were Shri
Radha Mohan Singh, Union Minister of Agriculture &
Farmers' Welfare, Government of India, Shri Mahadev
Jankar, Hon'ble Minister of Animal Husbandry Dairy &
Fisheries, Government of Maharashtra, Shri Devendra
Chaudhary, Secretary (ADF), Government of India
among others.
Mr B Soundararajan, Chairman, CLFMA addressed the
dignitaries and the delegates and discussed how animal
farming can be crucial in addressing various agriculture
issues, especially, how it can help farmers in boosting
their income.
"Integrated farming will help doubling farmer's income
by 2022. The Government is promoting agriculture and
allied sectors to boost farmers' productivity. It's now
time for a white and blue revolution where the dairy
industry and aquaculture activities will play a major
role," said Union Agriculture Minister, Radha Mohan
Singh.
Shri Devendra Fadnavis also shared his views on the
how Research & Development can play a major role in
improving animal stock conditions in India and together
CLFMA of India celebrates
Golden Jubilee of its existence

27
with allied sectors, various aspects can
be explored.
Mr. Devendra Chaudhary, IAS, Secretary
of AHD & F, Govt. of India. In his
address emphasised that there is no
other alternative than Animal
husbandry to double farmers income in
India. He mentioned that contribution
of Agriculture to GDP has come down
from 34% to 17% while that of livestock
industry in Agriculture has gone up
from 14% to 27% in last 25 years. He
quoted FAO saying that if we invest one
dollar in India – manufacturing and
services sector will return 2.9 dollars,
agriculture 3.6 dollars and livestock will
return 4.7 dollars, thereby highlighting
the role of animal agriculture in Indian
economy. He further emphasised that
there is need to bring Animal
Husbandry from margins of country's
growth to main stream and centre of
country's growth.
On 16th Sept., two technical sessions
were held, followed by the Plenary
Session towards the end of the
Symposium.
Talking about raw material security for
sustained profits, S. Shivakumar, Group
Head of Agri & IT Business of ITC Ltd, said that the kind
of raw material procured suggests to make the final
product and that reducing the cost of supply chain
helps in increasing the profits.
Dr. Pratap Singh Birthal, ICAR National Professor at
NIAEPR, New Delhi, regretted that there is a very weak
extension link existing in India with respect to animal
agriculture. Only 5 % of the farmers are getting
information on newer technologies, even then the rate
of growth in animal sector is higher than in agricultural
sector. He said that In fact, livestock has a larger effect
in poverty alleviation, having 1.5 times more potential
to reduce poverty.
Dr. A.K. Srivastava, Chairman , Agricultural Scientist
Recruitment Board, New Delhi said that there is a need
to allocate more budget for the development of Animal
Industry. On the pattern of crop loans, loans should be
extensively given to animal keepers also. There is a
dearth of good germplasm for breeding of cows.
Fodder production is another neglected area, and needs
immediate action to help overcome fodder shortage.
Other speakers included Ms Parizaad Zorabian, Zorabian
Foods who revealed the success story of her family
Poultry/ Egg business, while Linda Brown, Nutrition
Consultant, Sydney University Poultry Research
Foundation in Sydney, discussed the benefits of egg
white protein in human diet.

28
INDUSTRY NEWS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
Is GM cotton a success in
India or not?
Bt cotton is the only genetically
modified (GM) crop approved for
cultivation in India, and the government
and civil society groups have made
conflicting claims about its success.
A parliamentary panel has asked the
environment ministry to conduct a
comprehensive study to evaluate
whether Bt cotton, the country's only
transgenic crop, is a success amid a
debate over whether commercialisation
of genetically modified (GM) crops
should be allowed.
The need for such a study was felt as
central government agencies have
attempted to portray a rosy picture
about Bt cotton production in the
country which "actually is not the case”,
the panel noted. Transgenic cotton is
the only GM crop approved for
cultivation in India, and the government
and civil society groups have made
conflicting claims about its success.
The parliamentary standing committee
on science and technology,
environment and forests recently
submitted the report to the Rajya
Sabha chairman.
The panel observed that while
government data claims success of Bt
cotton, civil society says the production
of cotton in the country has increased
largely due to increase in area under
cotton, significant increase in irrigation
and fertile groundnut cultivation areas shifting to
cotton.
In its report, the committee observed that “India's
cotton yields increased by 69% in the five years (2000-
2005) when Bt cotton was less than 6% of total cotton
area, but by only 10% in the 10 years from 2005 to 2015
when Bt cotton grew to 94% of total cotton area”.
It also noted that the data provided by the government
agencies speak only about the production and not the
average yield of Bt cotton, which the committee believes
would be the true assessment of the potential of the
GM technology.
“The committee is of the considered view that this
duality of the claims about the increase in the yield of
cotton after its commercialisation in the country needs
further examination and clarification,” the panel said.
The panel also pulled up the government for moving
with haste towards commercialization of GM crops and
said it should thoroughly examine the impact of GM
crops on the environment before taking a final call.
The committee also noted that 21 years after the
introduction of GM crops in the world, only six countries
account for more than 90% of all GM crop area globally
(the US 40%, Brazil 23%, Argentina 14%, India 6%,
Canada 6% and China 2%) and despite the GM
technology being propagated as the “most advanced
agricultural technology, 17 of the 20 most developed
countries do not grow it, which includes most of Europe,
Japan, Russia, Israel, etc.”
Civil society groups are now opposing the
commercialisation of GM mustard crop. If GM mustard
gets a go ahead, it will become India's first GM food crop.
Source: Business Line
ImageSource:YaleScientificMagazine

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017CALENDAR OF EVENTS
30
2017-18
To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at
NOVEMBER
Poultry India
Date: 22-24 November 2017
Venue: HITEX, Hyderabad, India
Email: info@poultryindia.co.in
Web: www.poultryindia.co.in
3rd Global Feed Summit
Date: 29-30 November 2017
Venue: Bangkok, THAILAND
Email: mailto:grace@cmtsp.com.sg
Web: www.cmtevents.com
Date: 26-28 October 2017
Venue: Auto Cluster Exhibition Centre, Pune, India
Email: dairyindustryexpo@gmail.com
Web: www.dairyindustryexpo.com
OCTOBER FEBRUARY
Date: 8-10 February 2018
Venue: Pune, Maharashtra, India
Email: feedtechexpo@gmail.com
Web: www.feedtechexpo.com
MARCH
3rd Poultry & Livestock Bangladesh Expo
Date: 21-24 March 2018
Venue: International Convention City, Dhaka,
Bangladesh
Email: contact@cems-foodagro.com
Web: www.cems-foodagro.com
FVG Asia
Date: 27-29 March 2018
Venue: BITEC, Bangkok, Thailand
Email: maarcservices@gmail.com
Web: www.victam.com
APRIL
Livestock Asia
Date: 19-21 April 2018
Venue: Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Malaysia
Email: rita.lau@ubm.com
Web: www.livestockasia.com
FeedTechExpo 2018Animal Feed Technology
Da ryINDUSTRY EXP 2017
The Farming & Processing Event
NZFMA Broiler Nutritionist Conference 2017
Date: 16-20 October 2017
Venue: Queenstown, New Zealand
Email: info@nzfma.org.nz
Web: www.nzfma.org.nz
JUNE
VIV Europe
Date: 20-22 June 2018
Venue: Jaarbeurs Utreach, the Netherlands
Email: karlienke.smitt@vnuexhibitions.com
Web: www.viveurope.nl

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