Precast concrete piles

1. PRECAST
CONCRETE
PILESNg Bee Yee
Chong Lih Yen
Cheah Aun Ni
Kuek Sze Ting
Hoe Pooi Yee
Khairi Fariz
Chong Kian Loong

2. 1. Name 1 project in Malaysia that has used Precast Concrete Piles as the
building component.
Petronas Twin Tower

3. • Distribute the weight of the finished structure safely, reducing
the risk of structural failure or collapse.
• Made to resist compression, tension, bending and torsion forces
during manufacturing, transportation, handling and installation
• Maintaining structural integrity and design
• Created off-site and then piledrived into place to allow for
greater control of the finished product.
Function of Component

4. Advantages
• Quality can be controlled and monitored much more easily
• Piles can be precast to the required specifications.
• The work is neat and clean, supervision of work is minimal. And
storage space required is very much less
• Driven piles are the most favoured for works over water.
• Bearing capacity of pile increased when driven into granular soil
compacts the adjacent soil mass

5. Disadvantages
• These piles are usually very heavy. So special equipments
are required for handling and transportation.
• Sufficient care must be taken at the time of transportation,
otherwise piles may break.
• For embedding these piles in field heavy pile driving
equipment is required.

6. • These piles are costly as extra reinforcement is required to
bear handling and driving stresses
• Once constructed, it is not possible to increase the length of
the pile (as per the site demand)
• If the pile is found to be too long, during driving, it is difficult
and uneconomical to cut.
• Driving these piles created a lot of noise pollution and
vibration. May cause settlements on neighbouring buildings.
• Can be damaged during driving. Replacement piles may be
required.
• Cannot be driven with very large diameters or in condition of
limited headroom.

7. Construction Process
Precast Concrete Pile
• The precast concrete pile is a prefabricated, high-strength
prestressed concrete column, impact driven into the soil by means
of an adjustable hydraulic or diesel hammer
Fields of application
● Ideal solution for cost-effective piling in homogeneous geotechnical conditions and for carrying low
to medium loads
● Extensive preliminary soil investigation is required in order to determine both the nature and the
behaviour of the layers of soil
● Wide range of applications
● Given the prefabrication and the delivery time of the precast piles, the pile must be dimensioned
depending on the definitive pile load and the soil conditions before execution
● Adequate solution for soil profiles with very weak resistances in the upper strata, where excess
use of concrete can be expected when installing cast-in-situ piles

8. If installation is to be carried out, then the
following factors should be taken in to
consideration:
● Size and the weight of the pile
● Driving resistance which has to be
overcome to achieve the design
penetration
● Available space and headroom on
the site
● Availability of cranes and
● Noise restrictions which may be in
force in the locality
Methods of pile driving can be
categorised as follows:
1. Dropping weight -
Compressed-air hammers
or double-acting pile
hammer
2. Vibration - Vibratory
hammers
3. Jacking - Hydraulic jack
4. Jetting - water jetting

9. Meet OSHA safety requirements
• A blocking device, capable of safely
supporting the weight of the hammer,
shall be provided for placement in the
leads under the hammer at all times
while employees are working under
the hammer.
• No employee shall be permitted under
precast concrete members being
lifted or tilted into position except
those employees required for the
erection of those member
Type 1:Cast Iron
Pointed Shoe
Type 2: Rock
Shoe/OSLO Point
Type 3: Standard X-
pile shoe
Type 4:
Plain Shoe
What is Pile Shoe ?
a point that fitted to a lower end of a wooden or concrete
pile to facilitate penetration of the ground
The pile shoe attachments to concrete piles are attached
during manufacturing process or in the factory.The chosen
type of pile shoe is depends on the soil condition.
Type 1 :Can be chiselled into any type of rock to ensure
proper seating
Type 2 :For hard driving & socketing into hard strata
Type 3 :For moderate to hard driving
Type 4:For easy to medium hard driving
Type of Pile Shoe Decided During Manufacturing Process
Quality Control
• Checks on finished piles
for straightness, cross-
section, alignment of
joint and fittings.
• Slump test on concrete
batches.
Before Installation
• Test on aggregate
samples for grading and
silt content.

10. 1. Positioning of the prefabricated concrete pile
2. The pile is driven into the soil with an impact
pile driving hammer (diesel hammer or
hydraulic drop hammer).
3. Provides adequate protection to the pile head
during driving.
4. With control of driving achieved by measuring
the set, the pile is driven into the resistive soil
layer to a depth equal to one time the pile
diameter.
Fig.: Protecting pile head damage during driving
Special timber packing or a synthetic cushion
block
construction
sequence

11. Problems Occurred

12. Deformation of Piles

13. Pile Tilts Moves / Walks

14. High Water Table

15. Weather