The document discusses factors that influence the cost of constructing a 3-storey shop-house with a 2-storey basement located in town. Five key factors are discussed: 1) accessibility to the site due to town location, 2) accessibility to resources, 3) security needs, 4) use of machinery and equipment like scaffolding, and 5) the material storage requirements. Each factor's characteristics and how it can increase costs, such as through additional labor, equipment rental, or construction delays, are described over the multiple pages. Underground services, the water table level, and soil conditions like clay are also outlined as cost considerations.

1. Construction
Technology

2. Theory question
A client is preparing to construct a 3-storey shop-house with
2-storey basement. The shop-house is located in town, the
subsoil condition is cohesive and the water table is far below
the surface. However, there are some factors that need to be
considered before constructing the building which involves
cost.
A) List FIVE (5) choices that may influence the cost involved.
B) Discuss the characteristics of all the Five(5) choices listed above.
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3. 3

4. 4

5. 5 FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE
THE COST
WATER
TABLE
MATERIA
L
STORAGE
5
SUBSOIL
Surrounding
Factors
Machineries &
Equipment

6. Surrounding Factor
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1.
Accessibility to
Site
Security
Accessibility to
Resources

7. Accessibility to
Site - Town Site
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The pathway for the construction
machineries and the materials to be
transported from off the site to the site.
● Minimum Space for maneuverability
● Will be sharing main roads with general public

8. How it will cost ?
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● Delivery use might be regulated to low peak period only : 10am-3pm to avoid the
happening of unnecessary jam in town area.
● Delay the progress of the on-going project.
- Contractor remains on site longer than allowed for & incurred additional cost.
- Management and supervisory staff salaries + associated cost
- Overhead cost for machineries & equipment
- Storage cost & double handling(increase risk of damages & theft)
- Extension of construction insurance

9. Accessibility to
Resources-Town
Site
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● Resources in terms of the labours, machineries and
equipment and construction materials that are needed to aid
in the progress of the on-going construction project.

10. How it will cost?
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● Located in main population :Easy accessibility to materials and labor resources.
● Cost lesser : Reduce travelling fees to obtain supplier of labour & material resource.
: Small project minimises resources use.
● Cost more : In terms of preparation of materials. Eg: mixing of concrete could not be
done on site--->order premixed concrete in a premix truck.

11. Security
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The effort taken to ensure the
surrounding of the on-going site is not
interrupted as well as to ensure the
safety of the public.

12. How it will cost?
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● Probably surrounded with facilities such as
schools, shops, police/fire station and etc.
● Needed Temporary Hoarding :
- prevent intruders/trespassers
-ensuring safety of general public
● Cost is incurred for installation fees &
materials fees ( aluminium hoarding).

13. MACHINERY
Machinery are used to execute construction tasks, most
frequently ones involving earthwork operations
2.

14. MACHINERIES

15. MACHINERY USES
Task performed include: excavating, spreading &
flattening of soil

16. EQUIPMENT-SCAFFOLDING
➢ A temporary structure from which
persons can gain access to place of
work
➢ 3-storey shop-house construction
➢ Raises workers and equipments to
higher level.

17. HOW IT WILL COST?
➢ Rental fees - depending on size and capacity
➢ Time - to set up the scaffolding

18. SERVICES
Any underground services running?
Location:town, probably yes.
Excavation & underground Services includes:
● Electricity cables
● Water pipes
● Pipes
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19. SERVICES
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20. How does it affect construction?
Damages on underground
cables might cause injuries
due to electric shock,
explosion, and flames.
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21. How it costs money?
▪ Requires suitable devices
➢ Locating devices to trace cables
➢ Renting of equipments
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22. How it costs money?
▪ Requires skilled labour
➢ Someone who is experienced in underground cable detection techniques
▪ Takes time
➢ Might need hand digging with insulated tools
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23. How it costs money?
▪ Planning the work
➢ Permit to be obtained for work
➢ Checking with nearby organisations and get plan for location of the cables.
➢ Contact with the electricity companies if there is a need for cutting off supplies.
➢ 5 days notice to customers whose supply is to be disconnected.
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24. MATERIAL
STORAGE
Non-transitory,
semi-permanent placement
of materials.
3.
Keep materials protected from
weather,theft, and deterioration.

25. TYPES OF MATERIAL TO BE STORED

26. METHOD OF STORING
Materials Storing Methods
Bricks ● Stack on dry firm ground
● 50 bricks long, 10 bricks high
● Bricks of each truck load in 1 stack
Steel Bars ● Store bars of different classes, sizes and lengths separately
● Coat steel reinforcement with cement wash
● Stack it above ground level 150mm if stored for long period.
Cement ● Store in dry, leak proof and as moisture proof
● Stack the cement bags off the floor on wooden planks, 150-200mm
above the floor

27. How it costs money?
▪ Materials stored off site
➢ Need to consider secure facility
➢ Get insurance coverage in case of theft or damage
➢ Stored close to the construction site
▪ Labors
➢ Handling and managing the material.
▪ Utilities
➢ Heat/temperature control
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28. How it costs money?
▪ Facilities
➢ Renting of cabin or container.
▪ Storage equipments
➢ Racks and shelves
➢ Storage at height- guard rails needed
▪ Security
➢ Fire protection system
➢ Guard service
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29. MATERIAL STORAGE
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30. WATER TABLE4.
Perched Water Table Main Water Table

31. Perched Water Table Main Water Table
- Defined as a reservoir of water on the
ground maintained temporarily or
permanently above the standing water
level on the ground.
- water may stay on the ground at high
level, before the water draining down
to true water table.
- the standing water level in the ground
- All the pores of the ground (soil) below
that position is saturated (zone of
saturation)
- Ground above that position is
unsaturated ( zone of aeration )
- Water pressure = atmospheric pressure.

33. How it costs money?
Higher water table
- More water pumping off from the site.
- More water proofing work.
- Higher cost.
Lower Water Table
- Less water pumping off from the site.
- Less water proofing work.
- Lower cost.

34. SUBSOIL
5. HARD ROCK CLAY
SOIL GRAVEL

35. HARD ROCK GRAVEL CLAY SAND
- Good for
foundation.
- High excavation
cost.
- Most
suitable
subsoil.
- Strong and
easily
drained.
- Mostly use
- Good bearing
soil.
- But does not
drain water
well.
- Pores between
particles are wide.
- Loose
- Subject to
movement.

36. How it costs money?
Cohesive
- Excavation take time.
- Higher cost.
- Fill in gravel rocks for water proofing at basement.

37. Thanks!
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