It is useful for teachers and students of Degree of Education or Degree of Management.

2. MASLOW`S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY
SYED SHOAIB ALI

3.  Hierarchy of Needs Theory is one of the best motivation
theories.
 Proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper, titled
“ A Theory of Human motivation”
 Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist.
 This theory states that our actions are motivated by certain physiological
and psychological needs that progress from basic to complex.

4. Maslow classified human needs into five hierarchical levels and
propounded that needs lower in the hierarchy must be satisfied
before individuals can attend higher needs.

5. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
 These are biological requirements for human survival and are the first that
motivates our behavior.
 Air
 Water
 Food
 Shelter
 Clothing
 Warmth
 Sex
 Sleep

6. SAFETY NEEDS
 People Want to experience order and control in their lives. After fulfillment of
physiological needs , Safety needs become primary need of an individual.
 Emotional security
 Financial security
 Law and order
 Freedom from fear
 Property
 Health and wellbeing

7. LOVE AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS
 It refers to a human emotional need for interpersonal relationships , affiliating
connectedness, and being part a group.
 Friendships
 Family relationships
 Community groups
 Religious organizations

8. ESTEEM NEEDS
 It refers to the need for appreciation and respect.
 Self-esteem
 Recognition and respect of others

9. SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS
“What a man can be, he must be”
Maslow
 It refers to self-awareness and the full use of talents, capabilities.
potentialities.etc.
 It is difficult to achieve for majority of people.
 Maslow believe that all of us experience transitory moments of
self-actualization. e.g. sporting achievement and examination success etc.

10. LIMITATIONS OF THE THEORY
 Different individuals may be driven by different needs at the same
point in time.
 The theory is not empirically supported.
 The theory is not applicable in the case of starving artists as even if
the artist’s basic needs are not satisfied, he will still strive for
recognition and achievement.

11. APPLICATIONS IN EDUCATION
 Before a student’s cognitive needs can be met, they must first fulfill their basic
physiological needs. For example, a tired and hungry student will find it
difficult to focus on learning.
 Students need to feel emotionally and physically safe and accepted within the
classroom to progress and reach their full potential.
 Students with low self-esteem will not progress academically at an optimum
rate until their self-esteem is strengthened.

12. APPLICATIONS IN MANAGEMENT
 The managers must identify the need level at which the employee is existing and then
those needs can be utilized as a push for motivation.
 Physiological needs: Appropriate salaries , breaks and eating opportunities.
 Safety needs: job security, safe and hygienic work environment, and retirement benefits
 Social needs: encourage teamwork and organize social events.
 Esteem needs: appreciate and reward employees for accomplishing and exceeding their
targets. Give the deserving employee a higher job rank/position in the organization.
 Self-actualization needs: Give the employees challenging jobs in which the employees’
skills and competencies are fully utilized.

13. CONCLUSION
MASLOW`S WORK PROVIDES A RICH SOURCE OF IDEAS, AND AS SUCH,
A FRAMEWORK FOR DISCUSSING THE RICHNESS AND COMPLEXITY OF
HUMAN MOTIVATION THAT GOES BEYOND HOMEOSTATIC MODELS
AND OTHER BIOLOGICAL MODELS.