THE DESCRIPTION OF LIFT AND STAIRS IN ARCHITECTURE DESIGN.

1. ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN - V
SYED ADNAN PASHA
SYED MOAZAM
OZAIR SAAD

2. ELEMENTS
LIFT
STAIRS
SERVICE STAIRS
FIRE ESCAPE
20XX AD 2

3. LIFT
20XX Pitch Deck 3
An elevator can be defined as an electric
lift which is used as vertical transportation of
goods as well as people among the floors in
buildings using bins otherwise silos. As usual,
these are activated with the electrical motors that
also to drive counterweight system cables for
drive transaction such as a hoist, otherwise,
pump hydraulic fluid for raising a cylindrical piston
such as a jack.
Elevator is important for patient, guest,
guardians, small children, guest, visitors. It
makes our life easier; let us work and go to
different floors faster, allows us to transport
goods with ease and helps us feel comfortable
and relax all throughout the ride.
With the help of modern technologies, it allow to
install a lift in a very confined space. There are
many types of elevators according to place.
Elevators are a standard part of any tall
commercial or residential building.

4. HOW TO LIFT WORKS?
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The working principle of an elevator or lift is similar to the pulley system. A pulley system is used to draw
the water from the well. This pulley system can be designed with a bucket, a rope with a wheel. A bucket is
connected to a rope that passes throughout a wheel. This can make it very easy to draw the water from the
well. Similarly, present elevators use the same concept. But the main difference between these two are;
pulley systems are operated manually whereas an elevator uses sophisticated mechanisms for handling
the elevator’s load.
Basically, an elevator is a metal box in different shapes which is connected to a very tough metal rope. The
tough metal rope passes through a sheave on the elevator in the engine room. Here a sheave is like a
wheel in pulley system for clutching the metal rope strongly. This system can be operated by a motor.
When the switch is turned ON, the motor can be activated when the elevator goes up and down or stops.
INSTALLATION
When installing a new Platform or passenger type lift there is so much to take into consideration, shapes,
colors, half or full height mirrors, controls but we never look at what would be best suited to the building
and be fit for purpose.

5. 20XX Pitch Deck 5
Cable driven
Capsule
Hydraulic
pneumatic
Freight

6. TYPES OF LIFTS (IN
RESIDENTIAL)
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• Hydraulic lift
• Machine room with gear machine.
• Machine room less lift (MRL)

7. HYDRAULIC LIFT
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Hydraulic Elevators are lift systems that use
a hydraulic piston to raise and lower the
elevator car. Hydraulic Elevators are
typically used for low-rise and mid-rise
buildings below 6 stories due to the
elevator system’s slower speed and limited
piston lengths.

8. HYDRAULIC LIFTS
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
•Hydraulic lifts are cheaper to install than other
elevator types.
•They occupy less space in a building, requiring
almost 10% less area for the lift shaft.
•They are highly effective with heavy loads, as the
hydraulic power provides great lifting strength.
•There is no need for an overhead machine room.
Similarly, overhead structural requirements aren’t
needed either. The load of the elevator is
distributed to load-bearing walls.
•You have the option of using a remote machine
room.
•The relatively slow speed. A hydraulic lift cannot
move faster than 150 feet per minute.
•Oil in the piston system can overheat fairly quickly,
which is why an efficient machine-room control is
important.
•Hydraulic oil can leak out of the pumping system
and into the ground at the base of the elevator.
This can lead to soil contamination or groundwater
pollution.
•Hydraulic lifts tend to be a little noisier than other
elevator systems.
•The hydraulic oil can emit an unpleasant odor
when it becomes too warm from overuse.
•The lift movement is generally not as smooth as
with other lift systems.

9. MACHINE ROOM WITH GEAR MACHINE.
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Machine room with gear machine.
are lift systems that use an electric hoisting
machine and hoisting cables to raise and
lower the elevator car vertically along guide
rails. Traction Elevators are a common
system for many mid-rise and high-rise
structures and require a penthouse
machine room to store the mechanical
equipment and a counterweight to balance
the load placed on the machinery by the car
and passengers. Traction Elevators come
in two types, geared and gear-less, that
differ based on if a gearbox is attached to
the motor

10. MACHINE ROOM (TRACTION)
LIFT
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Its higher speed compared with the hydraulic
variety.
• This means the traction system can be used in
tall, modern, 21st-century buildings.
• The ride in a traction elevator is also smoother.
• The traction system is also more energy-efficient
as the counterweight balances the car load,
whereas the hydraulic system needs to push the
car against gravity.
• Its cost.
• Installation can be 15 to 25 per cent more
expensive that a hydraulic system.
• Traction lifts may also be difficult to maintain, as
the machine’s controls are located in the shaft
headroom. This area could be difficult to access.

11. MACHINE ROOMLESS LIFT
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Machine-Room-Less (MRL) Elevators are
modern traction lift systems that use an
electric hoisting machine located within the
top of the elevator shaft to hoist the elevator
car. Eliminating the penthouse machine
room that is necessary for Traction
Elevators, the Machine-Room-Less (MRL)
Elevator is gaining popularity because they
require less space, are energy efficient, and
efficiently satisfy the speed and travel
requirements of mid-rise buildings.

12. MACHINE ROOM (TRACTION)
LIFT
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• amount of space they can save
• tin and all of the mechanics that would be found
in a machine room are placed inside the hoist
instead.
• Affordable: Since less space is required to install
a machine roomless elevator, many property
owners find that they are cheaper too.
• Noise : it can be muffled with sound absorption
• Capacity: In comparison to machine room
elevator, MRL elevator lack in terms of load
capacity. This means that they cannot carry as
much weight as their competitors. In addition to
this, this feature can also make them run at a
slower pace, making them an ineffective
investment in some circumstances.

13. 20XX LIFT 13
LIFT DIMENSION
THE DIMENSION FOR ALL ARE
DIFFERENT AS REQUIREMENTS.THE
LANDING WIDTH FOR THE ELEVATOR
IS MIN 1.2M, OR ELSE ACCORDING
TO THE DOOR OPENING . IF THE
OPENING IS SWING THE WIDTH OF
PLATFORM SHOULD BE GIVEN MIN
2.5M
Generally, a residential elevator will be
36 inches wide by 48 inches deep; this is
a nominal, clear platform size. An
elevator of this size will require
approximately a 48-inch wide by 60-inch
deep hoistway.
SWING AUTO

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Multistory residential buildings do not have peaks so pronounced as other types of
buildings. Generally, the evening peak is the largest. Traffic flow at that time may
be 6 to 8% of the building population in a 5-min period. Building population should
be estimated in consideration of the market for which the building is designed.
If only one elevator is selected to satisfy traffic conditions for a building of
modest height, residents will be forced to use the stairs at times the elevator is out
of service for repairs. Where the elevator is considered more than an amenity, two
elevators should be provided. Market conditions may require that a separate
service
elevator also be provided in some urban settings. Typically, a 2500-lb elevator with
a 9-ft clear ceiling height can be relied on to carry most furniture.
As is the case with hotels, the potential for noise and vibration should
The number of passenger elevators required for a particular building depends on
the number of persons expected to work or live in the building. Traffic is measured
by the number of persons requiring service during a peak 5-min period.

15. DOES LIFT AND STAIRS ARE NOT GIVEN TOGETHER?
20XX LIFTS 15
• No we cant give the combination of lift and stairs together in building more than 15m height.
• In case of fire we we cant use both because due to heat produced in the lift.
• It is highly dangerous to use lift in fire escape.
• The stairs should be enclosed.
• Provide good ventilation to the stairs
A staircase shall not be arranged round a lift shaft unless the latter is entirely enclosed by a
material of fire-resistance rating as that for type of construction itself. For buildings more than 15m
in height,

16. STAIRS
20XX Stairs 16
Stairs is a set of steps which give
access from floor to floor.
The room or enclosure of the building,
in which stair is located is known as
staircase.
Staircase provide access &
communication between floors in multi-
storey buildings and are a path by
which fire can spread from one floor to
another.
Therefore it must be enclosed by fire
resisting walls, floors, ceilings and
doors.
It must be designed to carry certain
loads, which are similar to those used
for design of the floors.
Stairs may be constructed of Timber,
Bricks, Stone, Steel or Reinforced
Cement Concrete.

17. REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD
STAIRCASE
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LOCATION
• They should be located near the main entrance to the building.
• There should be easy access from all the rooms without disturbing the privacy of the rooms.
• There should be spacious approach.
• Good light and ventilation shouldbe available.
WIDTH OF STAIR
• It should be wide enough to carry the user without much crowd on inconvenience.
• In Residential building, a 90 cm wide stair is sufficient while in public 1.5 to 1.8 m width may
required.
LENGTH OF FLIGHT
• The number of steps should not be more t h a n 12 & less t h a n 3 from comfort pointof view.

18. REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD
STAIRCASE
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PITCH OF STAIR
• Pitch should be limited to 30oto 45o.
HEAD ROOM
• Height of head room should not be less than 2.1 to 2.3 m.
BALUSTRADE
• Stair should always provided with balustrade.
STEP DIMENSION
• The rise and going should be of such dimensions as to provide comfort to users.
• The going should not be less than 25 cm, though 30 cm going is quite comfortable.
• The rise should be between 10 to 15 cm.
• The wid th of landing should not be less than width of stair.
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
• The material should have fire resistance and sufficient strong.

19. TYPES OF
S T E P S
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Flier
Bull Nose
Round Ended
Splayed
Commode
Dancing
Winders
TYPES OF S TA I R C A S E
Straight Staircase
Turning Staircase
Quarter Turn
Half Turn (Dog-Legged & Open wellStaircase)
Three-Quarter Turn Staircase
Bifurcated Staircase
Continuous
Staircase
Circular Staircase
Spiral Staircase
Helical Staircase

20. 20XX Pitch Deck 20
OPEN WELL QUARTER TURN GEOMETRICAL
SPIRAL
BIFURCATED
DOG-LEG
STRAIGHT

21. 20XX Pitch Deck 21
TIMBER STONE
R.C.C
METAL GLASS
TYPES OF
MATERIALS

22. CONCRETE STAIRS (R.C.C)
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Concrete is easier to shape according to your
chosen design as it is a paste that eventually
dries up to form whatever shape or style you
desire.
• The best part about choosing concrete for your
stairs is that the material is sturdy, strong, and
reliable, ensuring that the stairs will last for
years to come.
• Concrete stairs are fire-resistant.
• This staircase building material can be ideal for
wide areas and grand staircase designs.
• Staircase designs made from concrete are often
bulky
• You must provide proper support using a frame
to prevent the cracks from developing in the
concrete.
• Concrete edges on the steps can chip over time
and repairing small chips and cracks is often
difficult.

23. STONE STAIRS
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Stairs made from natural stone can be quite durable
and sturdy.
• You’ll be able to find different colours and qualities of
stone for any project based on your need.
• Natural stone is a fire-resistant construction material.
• Both marble and granite can be fairly slippery
and should be used with caution.
• Stone slabs can be quite heavy and will require
sufficient support to build the stairs

24. TIMBER STAIRS
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• It is fairly lightweight as a construction material,
allowing you to play with your creative ideas and
designs.
• You can choose light or dark coloured woods or cheap
or pricier woods based on your preference.
• Most wooden structures are easy to build and are
cost-effective as well.
• You can easily paint, polish, varnish, or clean wood
with easy DIY processes.
• Stairs made of wood are generally not fire-resistant,
so they pose a risk in areas where wildfires are
common.
• Wood might not be the most durable material though,
as it is prone to cracks and scratches.
• Humid environments can cause wood to rot and
destroy the structural integrity of your stairs.

25. TIMBER STAIRS
20XX Pitch Deck 25
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• It is fairly lightweight as a construction material,
allowing you to play with your creative ideas and
designs.
• You can choose light or dark coloured woods or cheap
or pricier woods based on your preference.
• Most wooden structures are easy to build and are
cost-effective as well.
• You can easily paint, polish, varnish, or clean wood
with easy DIY processes.
• Stairs made of wood are generally not fire-resistant,
so they pose a risk in areas where wildfires are
common.
• Wood might not be the most durable material though,
as it is prone to cracks and scratches.
• Humid environments can cause wood to rot and
destroy the structural integrity of your stairs.

26. GLASS STAIRS
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Stairs made from glass can help the eye make
seamless transitions from one floor to the next.
• Sheets of glass are ideal for floating staircases
in cramped spaces.
• The transparency of glass allows light to filter
through structures and keep the interior bright
during the day
•Glass is a fragile material that is prone to breaking
without proper support.
•It is also a high maintenance material that needs
frequent cleaning.
•Glass staircases may be slippery and a fall hazard for
kids and the elderly, as the transparency makes it difficult
to judge the beginning and end of each step.
•Thick slabs of glass can be quite heavy to lift on your
own

27. FIRE ESCAPE
20XX Pitch Deck 27
The Fire escape staircase as is the special type
of emergency exist which plays an important
role to safely exit from the building during an
emergency or any fire hazard.
Fire escape staircase is widely used in the
multi-storey residential buildings for commercial
buildings.
Every building should have a fire escape
staircase to permit the safe escape of
occupants in case of the emergency. Fire
escape should be constructed with non-
combustible materials.
The building should be properly design and
constructed as per the required fire safety
according to the fire protection of the National
Building Code of India.
Fire escape stairs are mainly governed by the
two main aspects which are the Stability and
Access.

28. 20XX LIFT 28
TYPES OF FIRE
ESCAPES
Drop ladder is one of the best fire
escape equipment which is widely used
in case of emergencies. These types of
order can be permanently fixed and it is
safe and stable so that anyone can use
it.
DROP LADDER
GOOSENECK LADDER
It is a vertical ladder that extends from
the top floor of the terrace or balcony
and used as a standard fire escape.
This type of ladder is attached to the
top landing of the fire escape and
extends and bends over
the roofline and the bottom of this
ladder should be secured to the roof
system.
COUNTERBALANCED
LADDER
Counterbalance staircase is the
common method which is widely used
to protect building occupants during
the period of emergency.
This type of staircase is applied to the
tip of the stair flight that consists of
cables and pulleys.

29. 20XX Pitch Deck 29
What Is the Importance of Fire Escape in the Building?
Due to urbanisation, there are high rise buildings construction are increasing. But it is necessary to
construct and design the buildings as per the rules and regulations by considering all the safety
provisions of the code of practice for fire safety of Buildings.
The emergency exit routes are very important which will provide a clear and safe way to escape from
the building during a crisis or emergency.
The exit routes can be provided in the form of Doors are staircases which will help to escape from the
building.
The design and dimensions of the fire escape staircase are governed by the Indian Standard Code of
Practice for Fire Safety of the Building.
This code describes the fire escape staircase requirements and Fire stair dimensions.
The material which is used in the exit routes should be fire-resistant and free from any type of
obstructions so that the occupant can easily escape through it.

30. 20XX Pitch Deck 30
Fire Escape Staircase Regulations
• The High rise buildings should have a minimum of two staircases and fire escape and it should be connected to
the public areas and the common areas on the floors or ground.
• The route towards the fire escape staircase should be free from any type of obstruction.
• The fire escape staircase shall not be taken into consideration while calculating the number of staircases for the
building.
• The entrance which is provided to the fire escape shall be separate and removed from the internal staircase.
• The door which leads a way towards the fire escape staircase should be made from the fire-resistant material.
• The fire escape staircase should have handrails of height not less than 1 metre.
• The fire escape staircase should be located such that it should have one side of the external wall which has a
large opening for the exit.
• The spiral fire escape staircase should not be less than 1.5 metres in diameter and should have adequate
headroom.
• All the fire escape staircase should be directly connected to the ground.
• Fire escape staircase should have straight flight not less than 25 metre in width and 25 cm treads and risers not
more than 19 cm.
• The use of a spiral staircase should be limited to low occupant load and a building height of 9 meters.
• The main staircase and the fire escape staircase shall be continuous from the ground floor to the terrace level.

31. 20XX Pitch Deck 31
What Are the Fire Staircase Requirements?
• The surface of the fire step should be slip resistance under all the
conditions.
• The landing of the fire staircase should be a minimum length of 900
mm.
• The landing of fire stair should be designed properly at an appropriate
interval.
• The handles of the fire staircase should be accessible by both sides.
• The distance between handrail and adjacent wall surface should
be 50-60 mm minimum.

32. 20XX Pitch Deck 32
Fire Escape Floor Plan

33. 20XX Pitch Deck 33
DIMENSIONS
• The length of the fire staircase should be a minimum
of 900mm in length.
• The width of the fire escape staircase should not be
less than 75 cm.
• The height of the fire escape staircase riser should
not be more than the 19 cm.

34. SERVICE
STAIRS
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A stairway that is not used for general purposes;
it provides access to specific areas such as the
roof and equipment rooms.it helps to reduce the
traffic on the common staircase. Some people
doesn’t prefer the servant to use the same
staircase as the janitors and servants may carry
cleaning equipments which might dirt the floors
and walls. Sometimes people carry furniture
which causes traffic to the common staircase

35. 20XX Pitch Deck 35
COMPARISON
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMMON STAIRCASE AND
SERVICE STAIRCASE IS ONLY THE WIDTH AND ENTRANCES
ARE GIVEN DIFFERENT.
COMMON STAIRCASE :
• THE WIDTH IS GIVEN NORMAL FROM 1.2M TO 1.6M
• ENTRANCES IN GIVEN NEARER TO ACCESS
SERVICE STAIRCASE :
• THE WIDTH IS GIVEN FROM 1.8M TO 2M
• ENTRANCES ARE GIVEN FROM BACKSIDE

36. THANK YOU
SYED ADNAN PASHA
SYED MOAZAM
OZAIR SAAD
20XX Pitch Deck 36