REPORT ON HIGH RISE BUILDING... .

1. REPORT…..
ON….
HIGH RISE BUILDING… .
H
I
G
H
R
I
S
E
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G
Zinnia mahjjabin
Arc 05405 617
Kamrul hasan
Arc 05505622

2. CONTENTS……..
INTRODUCTION…..
HISTORY
Structure
BNBC ANALYSIS
BUILDING ANALYSIS
(LOCAL CASE STUDY)
BUIDING ANALYSIS…………
(INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY)
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622

3. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
What is HIGH RISE building . . . ?
• Basic Definition- A high-rise building is defined as a building 35 meters or greater in height, which is divided at regular
intervals into occupiable levels. To be considered a high-rise building an edifice must be based on solid ground, and
fabricated along its full height through deliberate processes (as opposed to naturally-occurring formations
• PRIMARY DEFINITION
Primary definition–the word ‘high' means– extending up words or elevated . and rise means – the act of rising or
advance. -So high - rise means the act of rising to extending up words
Defined by–
which structure might have reached up to 10 or more stories and having 200 storied called high–rise.
-ancient roman law.
a high–rises being higher then70 feet.
-United states general laws
a high – rise building is one with four floors or more ,or one 15 meters or more in height.
-code of Hyderabad, India.

4. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
•a very tall building of many stories.
•2. another term for skysail
Skyscraper
CHARACTERISTICS
1.A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors.
one of at least 40-50 floors.
2. Mostly designed for office, commercial and residential uses a skyscraper can
also be called a high-rise.
3. skyscrapers is having a steel framework that supports curtain walls.

5. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
SUPERTALLS are a special class of skyscraper. More expensive to build than
shorter structures, they require special wind-tunnel and seismic analysis, stiffer
frames, extra material and special elevators, and often refuge floors or other safety
measures.
super tall
tall
Supper tall
Mega tall

6. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
High rise
HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS RANGE IN HEIGHT
FROM BELOW 10 TO MORE
THAN 100 STORIES.
HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS ARE ENCLOSED
BY CURTAIN WALLS,
VERTICAL T RANSPORT IN A HIGH-RISE
IS THE ELEVATOR,
HIGH- RISE BUILDING USUALLY
CONSIST OF CONCRETE PIERS,PILES,
THIS BUILDINGS IS APPROACHES IS
BASICALLY AN ISOLATED OBJECT.
CHARACTERISTICS

7. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
Name description Image
ANCIENT
PERIOD
-Made by NIMROD.
-The precise location of the Tower of
Babel remains unknown
-The building of this temple offended
the gods. In a night they threw down
what had been built. They scattered
them abroad, and made strange their
speech
THE
TOWER
OF
BABEL.
MEDIEVAL
PERIOD :(3RD
CENTURY
BC.)
SAN
GIMIGNANO
HILL TOWN
-Country – ITALY
- A small town
- Area- 138 km2 (53.3 Sq. m.)
-Elevation- 324 m (1,063 ft).
-72-nos tower.
-Approximately 51 m height.
Historic Centre of San Gimignano
The Tower of Babel
Time period
HISTORY:

8. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
Name description ImageTime period
HISTORY:
THE 16th
CENTURY
-Area- YEMEN.
-500 nos tower
- The has the tallest mud building in
- the world
- Some of them are 30M(100ft.).
-The invention of the hydralic lift in 1853.
-The second invention is the iron skeleton.
THE CITY OF
SHIBAM
CRYSTAL
PALACE
- Location- LONDON.
-Architect: JOSEPH PIXTON.
-cast-iron and plate-glass building
-examples of the latest technology developed in the
Industrial Revolution.
-the Great Exhibition building was 1,851 feet (564
m) long, with an interior height of 128 feet (39 m)
Crystal palace
City of SHIBAM

9. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
Name description ImageTime period
HISTORY:
END OF
THE
19thCENTURY
-METERIAL USE- STEEL.
-ARCHITECT’S- LOUISE SULLIVEN,
WILLIAM LE BARON JENNEY ,
BURNHAM & ROOT.
CHICAGO
SCHOOL
City of CHICAGO
Chicago School
-Architect’s- WILLIAM LE BARON JENNEY ,
- Steel beam & column structure.
-Open the interior walls
-His innovation made it possible for building to
have larger window
LEITER
BUILDING II
(1891)
LEITER BUILDING II
CITY
DEVELOPED
CITY OF CHICAGO
CITY OF NEW-YORK
- The rapid cultivation of AMERICAN mid-
west created a sudden rise in demand for
working space, companies and departmental
stores.

10. (1954-58)
-LOCATION- NEW YORK,
- BUILDING TYPE- COMMERCIAL OFFICE
-THE LARGE OPEN SPACE INFRONT OF
THE BUILDING.
-PLAZA IS OPEN FOR PUBLIC .
SEAGRAM
BUILDING:
SEAGRAM BUILDING:
-ENGNINER- F. R. KHAN.
- FLOOR COUNT-108-NOS.
FLOOR AREA-418.064 m2 (1451ft.)
-ELEVATOR’S- 104-NOS, WITH 16 DOUBLE-
DECKER ELEVATORS.
SEARS TOWER
CHICAGO.
Sears Tower,CHICAGO.
(2010) BURJ KHALIFA
-THE TALLEST BUILDING IN THE WORLD IN
DUBAI.
- HEIGHT- 2,717 ft, (828m)
-160-NOS FLOORS,
-OBSERVATION CENTER- 442m HIGH.
(1973)
CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
HISTORY:
Burj Khalifa,DUBAI
Name description ImageTime period

11. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
There are three parts Of
a high-rise building
– Header
– Body
– Base
Parts of a High-rise Building

12. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
Types of High-Rise Structure
1. Braced Frame
2. Rigid Frame Structure
3. In filled Frame Structure
4. Flat Plate and Flat Slab Structure
5. Shear wall structure
6. Coupled wall structure
7. Wall-frame structure
8. Framed tube structure
9. The trussed tube
10. Tube in tube or Hull core structure
11. Bundled tube structure
12. Core and Outriggers system
13. Hybrid structure
Structural system

13. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
Common High-rise
building structures
• Parallel bearing walls
• Core and Façade Bearing walls
• Self supporting boxes
 Cantilevered slab
 Flat slab
 Interspatial
 Suspension

14. CENTRAL PLAZA,
MALAYSIA
ARCHITECT: KEN YEANG
BRACED FRAME STRUCTURES
SWISS RE TOWER,
LONDON
ARCHITECT:
NORMAN FOSTERCENTURY TOWER,
JAPAN
ARCHITECT:
NORMAN FOSTER
K BRACING STOREY HEIGHT KNEE BRACING
DOUBLE DIAGONAL BRACING

15. PARALLEL OR ORTHOGONALLY ARRANGEMENT OF
COLUMNS AND GIRDERS
SIMPLICITY AND CONVENIENCE OF ITS RECTANGULAR
FORM.
COMMERZBANK
ARCHITECT: NORMAN FOSTER
GRID FRAME STRUCTURES
CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
GRID FRAME STRUCTURES

16. INFILLED FRAME STRUCTURES
 CONSISTS OF A STEEL OR REINFORCED
COLUMN AND GIRDER FRAME WITH INFILLS OF
BRICKWORK OR CONCRETE BLOCK WORK.
EMPIRE STATE BUILDING
ARCHITECT: RICHMOND, LAMB & HARMON
LIMESTONE
INFILLS
AND FACING

17. WALL FRAME STRUCTURES
 SHEAR WALLS ARE COMBINED WITH RIGID FRAMES
TRANSCO TOWER
ARCHITECT: JOHNSON/BURGEE
ARCHITECTS
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622

18. MILLENNIUM TOWER
ARCHITECT: NORMAN FOSTER
TUBULAR STRUCTURES
TUBE IN TUBE
TUBE IN TUBE
BUNDLE TUBE
BRACED TUBE
TYPES OF TUBULAR STRUCTURE:

19. BUNDLE TUBE STRUCTURES
 THE SEARS TOWER CONSISTS OF FOUR PARALLEL
RIGID STEEL FRAMES IN EACH ORTHOGONAL
DIRECTION, INTERCONNECTED TO FORM NINE
“BUNDLED” TUBES.
Section A-A
SEARS TOWER
ARCHITECT: SKIDMORE, OWINGS
& MERRIL
Section B-B
Section C-C
Two additional
tube omitted
Section D-D

20. BRACED TUBE STRUCTURES
JOHN HANCOCK BUILDING
ARCHITECT: SKIDMORE, OWINGS
& MERRIL

21. HONGKONG & SHANGHAI
BANK
ARCHITECT: NORMAN
FOSTER
OUTRIGGER BRACED STRUCTURES
 BRACED-STEEL FRAME CONNECTED TO THE EXTERIOR
COLUMNS.

22. SPACE STRUCTURES
 SPACE STRUCTURE CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF A
THREE DIMENSIONAL TRIANGULATED FRAME.
BANK OF CHINA
ARCHITECT: I. M. PEI

23. SHEAR- WALL STRUCTURES
NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANK
ARCHITECT: SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRIL

24. SUSPENDED STRUCTURES
 CENTRAL CORE WITH HORIZONTAL CANTILEVERS AT ROOF
LEVEL, TO WHICH VERTICAL HANGERS
OVERSEAS CHINESE BANK
ARCHITECT: I. M. PEI
 FLOOR SLABS ARE SUSPENDED FROM THE
HANGERS.

25. EXTENDED SLAB
POST / FLAT SLAB
DEFINATION OF POST SLAB :
POST SLAB ALSO KNOWN AS BEAMLESS IS A
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION IN WHICH THE R .C .C
. SLAB SUPPORTED ON COLUMNS WITHOUT THE
0F BEAMS OR GIRDERS .
COLUMN
FIG:SHOWING THE STRUCTURE OF POST SLAB

26. COLUMN
STRIP
1) THE THICKNESS
OF SLAB IS
NEVER LESS
THAN 8” & MORE
THAN 12”.
2) THE POST SLAB
MAY BE
DESIGNED
EITHER WITH
DROP WITHOUT
CROPS.
MIDDLE
STRIP
COLUMN
STRIP
COLUMN
STRIP
MIDDLE
STRIP
COLUMN
STRIP
COLUMN ARRANGEMENT IN POST
SLAB
POST / FLAT SLAB

27. COLUMN
HOW TO FINDOUT THE“POST
SLAB THIC K NESS”
THE BETWEEN COLUMN TO COLUMN MAXIMUM SPANS,
LONG DISTANCE DIVIDED BY SHORT DISTANCE EQUAL
1.33.
LONG DISTANCE 27’-0”
LONG DISTANCE
SHORT DISTANCE
27
24
= 1.125 ( SO IT IS CONSIDER )
COLUMN
DISTENCE
EQUATION OF POST SLAB
THIC K NESS
LONG DISTANCE X 12
36
27 X 12
36
`
CANTILEVER SPAN MAXIMUM
5’- 8’ (FOR LIVE LOAD )
12’ (FOR DEAD LOAD)
POST SLAB THICKNESS SHOULD BE
MINIMUM 8”
MAXIMUM 12” .
POST / FLAT SLAB

28. FLAT PLATE AND FLAT SLAB STRUCTURES
 CONNECTED RIGIDLY TO SUPPORTING COLUMNS.
 CREATING A MINIMUM POSSIBLE FLOOR DEPTH.
BEL TOWER
ARCHITECT: NAHAS AHMED KHALIL
FLAT PLATE AND FLAT SLAB STRUCTURES FLOOR PLAN

29. FIG: POST AND LINTEL SYSTEM IN MODERN HIGH RISE
SYSTEM.
PARALLEL OR ORTHOGONALLY ARRANGEMENT OF
COLUMNS AND GIRDERS
SIMPLICITY AND CONVENIENCE OF ITS RECTANGULAR
FORM.
COMMERZBANK
ARCHITECT: NORMAN FOSTER
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
POST LINTEL

30. Earthquake load:
Seismic motion on the building
Different types of faulting
Wind load:
Unidirectional displacement & Double flexure
Steady (static) deflection & Dynamic movement Wind action on the building

31. CASE OF FIRE
Short circuit
Unawareness of people
Gas line blast
Cigarette or other explosive materials
Things burn in kitchen
Terrorist attack etc.
Fire spread through core
Fire safety in planning level
Fire safety in core
FIRE DESIGN AND SAFETY

32. STANDARD STUDY
Fire design & safety issues Five fire exits are
An emergency exit in a structure is a special exit for emergencies
such as a fire: the combined use of regular and special exits
allows for faster evacuation, while it also provides an alternative
if the route to the regular exit is blocked by fire, etc. It is usually a
strategically located outward opening door with a crash bar on it
and with exit signs leading to it.
-Location
-Size
Good & Safe Fire Exit Inside the building Bad & Risky Fire Exit Outside the building
Location
-In the Core.
-Separate from the
building by door.
FIRE DESIGN AND SAFETY

33. STANDARD STUDY
Fire design & safety issues
Size
For office building,
• If user group is less than 150,width of the fire exit= 5ft & Landing is
4ft.
• If user group is more than 150,width of the fire exit= 6.5ft & landing
is 5ft.
For less than 150
persons
At the other Floor
For more than 150 persons
At the other Floor
For less than
150 persons
At the top Floor
For more than 150 persons
At the top Floor
FIRE DESIGN AND SAFETY

34. STANDARD STUDY
EXTRA
PROTECTION
FOR
FIRE LIFT
LOBBY SPACE
Lobby of lift and stair
FIRE DESIGN AND SAFETY

35. STANDARD STUDY
Fire design & safety issues
FAR ANALYSIS
FIRE SAFETY:
•There is fire exit inside the core which
circulates the occupants in the main
corridor.
FIRE EXIT DOOR
•Can not use sliding and hanging door
•Exit door must be open towards the
running way.
If the number of user is 500
then
1 exit will be used
If the number of user is more
than 500 then
2 exits will be used
If the number of user is 1000
then
4 exits will be used
For commercial building 2 fire exit need
Fire extinguishing instruments
Sprinkler
Electric alarm Smoke detector
Carbon- Dioxide
FIRE DESIGN AND SAFETY

36. STAIRS – Used for stepper
slopes can be a lot of deferent
forms like spiral , monumental
and more.
ESCALATOR – Used for a
lot of people and moving
the stairway, give a
continuous floor either up or
down.
ELEVATOR –
This is the best method
to create
a easy vertical
circulation when
a lot of people can
use it.
RAMPS – Have a
slope from 6% to
10% and need a great
deal of space.
Typesvertical circulation
Service core & services

37. Central core Split core End core Atrium core
Core type
Service core & services

38. •Natural ventilation from the south.
•Natural
•Block the East-Wast solar heat.
•Average Cooling Load: 100% ( >central)
Double Core in East-West
Orientation
•Natural ventilation from the south-east.
fighting pressurization
•Good view out
buffers & energy savings
•Natural sunlight from the north.
•Average Cooling Load: 137% (high)
Center Core
Center Core
Core position in building
Core
Core
Core
Air
Light
Air
Air
Solar Heat
Light
Service core & services

39. STANDARD STUDY
•Natural ventilation from the south.
•Natural
•Block the Wast solar heat.
•Average Cooling Load: 102% (low)
Side Core in West Side
•Natural ventilation from the south.
•Natural
•Block the East solar heat.
•Average Cooling Load: 102% (low)
Side Core in East Side
Core
Core
Air
Air
Air
Solar Heat
LightLight
Service core & services

40. Examples of Different Core in the high-rise Building
Willis Tower WTC Twin Tower
Center Core Center Core
Service core & services

41. Elevator
An elevator or lift is a type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people or goods
between floors of a building or other structures. Elevator are generally powered by electric motors
that either drive traction cables or counterweight system likes a hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to
raise a cylindrical piston like jack.
Motor
Hand-
winding
wheel
Brake
Service core & services

42. Arrangement of Elevators
1.5m/5ft 1.5m/5ft
Preferred Configuration
Wrong
Two-Car Grouping
3m/10ft
Preferred Configuration
Four-Car Grouping
1.5m/5ft 1.5m/5ft
Preferred Configuration
Acceptable Configuration
Three-Car Grouping
Service core & services

43. 3-3.5m
Preferred Configuration
4m/13.2ft
Acceptable Configuration
Unacceptable Configuration
Six-Car Grouping
Service core & services

44. Machine Room
Height 7’-1”
Overhead (OH)
18’-8”
Ground Floor Height
11’-0”
Pit Height 7’-8”
Ground
Floor
Lift
Section of Lift Core:
Service core & services

45. STANDARD STUDY
Requirement For Elevator Selections
People lifts, goods lifts, and fire lifts — that meet design criteria such as average waiting
times, handling capacities, and so on.
These criteria differ depending on the building type — hotel, apartment block, or offices.
Service core & services

46. Car Elevator
Car-Elevator is a work horse in both commercial and private,
residential settings. Car-Elevator is premium choice in settings where
ceiling clearances are limited and vehicle height are restricted.
Capacity:
2727 kg. to 9090 kg. (6,000 lb. to 20,000 lb.)
Speed:
30-50 or more ft/min maximum.
Types:
-Swing Door Car-Elevator (Single & Both side)
Size: 20ft x 10ft
-Vertical Bi-parting Car-Elevator (Single & Both side)
Size: 22ft x 10ft
Service core & services

47. 20’-0’’ 22’-0’’
20’-0’’ 22’-0’’
12’-0’’
12’-0’’
12’-0’’ 12’-0’’
Figure :One Side Swing & Vertical Bi-Parting Doors
Figure :Both Side Swing & Vertical Bi-Parting Doors
Service core & services

48. Escalator
•Length & Width
•Section of Escalator
•Arrangement and location
•Escalator capacities
Length in Plan
With 30 degree escalator=1.732 X Storey Height
With 35 degree escalator=1.428 X Storey Height
35 degree is not allowed in some countries.
Example: Storey height 12ft & angle 30 degree.
Length in plan= 1.732 X 12= 20.784ft
Including loadings top and bottom, total length is approximately 25ft,
allowing for about 20 people to stand in a row on the escalator.
Service core & services

49. Longitudinal section of Escalator
Service core & services

50. Case study
BNBC
refers to the variation in aisle width for one way and two
way traffic flow for parking with different angles.

51. BNBC
Variation in Aisle width for one way and two way traffic flow (90°- Parking)

52. BNBC
Variation in Aisle width for one way and two way traffic flow (30° -Parking)

53. BNBC
Variation in Aisle width for one way and two way traffic flow (45° -Parking)

54. BNBC
Variation in Aisle width for one way and two way traffic flow (60° -
Parking)

55. BASIC LOAD ACTION FACTORS
Dead loads
Live loads
 Construction load
Snow, rain & ice loads
Wind loads /lateral loads
Seismic loading
Water & earth pressure loads
Blast loads &
Combination of loads.
Vertical Loads
Horizontal Loads
Unexpected Deflections

56. EARTHQUAKE SITUATION
SOURCE POINT OF E.Q
PLATE OF E.Q IN BANGLADESH

57. Court de la ACME
informat i o n ARCHITECT :
UTTOM K SHAHA LOCATION :
KOLLYANPUR
DESCRIPTION : 1 6 STORIED BUILDING
PROJECT COST : 1 5 0 MILLION

58. CASE STUDY
ACME TOWER IS DISTINCT IN NATURE FROM OTHER PROJECTS BECAUSE IT CONTAINS A VERY PROFOUND
RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE, UNLIKE MOST HIGHRISE STRUCTURES.
THE STRUCTURE HAS A VAST SETBACK FROM THE ROAD THAT HAS BEEN MADE TO APPEAR APPEALING BY EXTENSIVE
LANDSCAPING.
IN PLAN, THE BUILDING IS SIMPLE APPROACHED FROM THE SOUTHWEST BY A SERIES OF STEPS REACHING TO THE
RECREATION LOBBY.
THERE IS A SMALL LILIPOND BESIDE THE ENTRY CREATING A FOCUS AND ALSO ENHANCING THE SENSE OF RELIEF IN
THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT.
S I T E P LA N N I N G

59. ACME TOWER
KALLANPUR, DHAKA, 1998
- 2004
SOUTH WEST
(FRONT) ELEVATION
SECTIO
N AA
LEV
EL
-
(14’-
0”)
LEV
EL
-(3’-
6”)
LE
VE
L
+7’
-0”
LE
VE
L
+3’
-0”
GL
LAWN LILLY
POND
FIRE
ESCA
PE
ENTR
Y
CAR
PORC
H
RECEPTION
LOBBY
U
P
GENERATO
R
ELECTRIC
AL SUB-
STATION
AA A/C PLANT
ROOM
GROUND FLOOR
PLAN
7TH FLOOR PLAN
(TYPICAL FLOOR
PLAN)
LAWN
C ON FER EN
C E
D IR EC TO
R
LIF
T
U
P
STOR
E
JENITO
R
ABLU TIO
N
G.TOILE
T
OFF.TO
I
OFF.TO
I
DIR.TO
I
L.TOILE
T
TEA
R OOM
D IR EC TO
R
P.A
A
i n f o r m at i o n
ARCHITECT : UTTOM K
SHAHA LOCATION :
KOLLYANPUR
DESCRIPTION : 1 6 STORIED
BUILDING PROJECT COST : 1 5 0
MILLION

60. Mul t i s t o r i e d buildings segregat e d people f r o m t h e s o i l , t h u s
t h e design concept developed t o w a r d s minimizing t h i s as much
as possible creat i n g a r e l i e f f r o m t h e s t r e n u o u s and c h a o t i c
environment.
The nat u r a l se le ct io n f o r
high-rise building was
r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e
s t r u c t u r e s .
THE 1 5 T H FLOOR IS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT FORM THE
OTHERS.
FIRSTLY, IT HAS BEEN
REFERRED TO AS THE
CHAIRMAN FLOOR SINCE IT
HOUSES MAINLY THE SPACES
MEANT FOR THE CHAIRMAN
AND HIS ASSISTANTS.

61. complete s t r u c t u ra l system c o l umn f r e e o f f i c e f l o o r
s t r u c t u r e
1. basica l l y c o lumn-beam s t r u c t u r e w i t h a s h e a r w a l l core.
2 . s t r u c t u ra l g r i d is a r r anged s o t h a t c o lumn f r e e o f f i c e space is ava i l a b l e at each f l o o r .
3. o.75m x 0.75m c o lumns a r e a r r anged at periphe ry which s u p p o rt t h e c l e a r f l o o r s pan o f 27.6m.
4. beams o f 0.75m depth a r e used at 3.3m f l o o r t o f l o o r height w i t h a c l e a r height o f 2.55m.v

62. b a s e m e n t f l o o r p l a n
g r o u n d f l o o r p l a n
t y p i c a l f l o o r p l a n

63. c i r c u l at i o n
v e r t i c a l c i r c u l at i o n
c i r c u l at i o n c o r e i s l o c at e d at t h e n o rt h
w e s t c o r n e r o f s o u t h t o w e r .
h o r i z o n t a l c i r c u l at i o n
1 . f i r e h y d ra n t i s l o c at e d at t h e
l o b by o f e a c h f l o o r .
2 . f i r e a l a r m s a r e i n s t a l l e d at
t h e o f f i c e f l o o r w h i c h h ave
smoke s e n s o r s .
3 . i n c a s e o f f i r e h a z a r d e m e r g e n cy
s t a i r i s l o c at e d at t h e
n o r t h e r n c o r n e r o f t h e t o w e r .
4 . f o r s a f e t y r e a s o n s f i r e s t a i r i s
e n c l o s e d w i t h a
f i r a i l i
dn g
eu
sp
it
go
n1 . 5
am
n.
d s a f e t y

64. ser vice 1. mechanica l room & e l e c t r i c a l subs t at i o n is l o c at e d
at g r o u n d & 1 s t f l o o r .
2 . f u r t h e r ext ens ion was needed f o r mechanica l room
t o accommodat e f o r machines.
3. wat e r r e s e rv o i r l o c at e d at t h e basement supplies
wat e r t ank at t h e r o o f by pump.
4 . k i tchen at 2 n d f l o o r is s e rved by emergency s t air
as t h e r e is n o seperat e s t air f o r s e rvice.
climat i c consider at i o n
1. sky c o u rt s i n t r o d u c ed at d i f f e r e n t f l o o r s a c t as s un shading f o r s out h -wes t f acade.
2 . n o rt h - wes t f acade is t r e a t e d wit h maximum s o l i d i t y t o reduce d i r e c t s o l a r heat gain.
3 . o f f i c e area is l o c at e d a l o n g t h e n o rt h - eas t zone t o receive l e a s t amount o f s o l a r r adiat ion.
4. as t h e building is c e n t ra l l y air conditione d nat u r a l vent il a t i o n is n o t e n c o u raged.
parking

65. Building Footprint Ratio
Built Area
28%
Open Area
72%
ver tic a l l a n d s c ape
t o t a l s i t e a r e a :
2 9 9 4 0 s f t t o t a l b u i l t
a r e a : 8 4 0 0 s f t g r o u n d
c o v e r a g e : 2 8 %

66. Being the oldest system in building construction, the post and lintel system
is the first man made architectural process of construction. Post lintel is a
simple construction technique where a horizontal member (lintel)is
supported by two vertical posts at either end.
POST LINTEL
ADVANTAGE
 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE IS BETTER THAN ANY
OTHER SYSTEM.
 GRADE BEAM PROVIDES EXTRA SAFETY.
 DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT DOES NOT OCCUR.
 MORE FLEXIBILITY IN ARRANGEMENT OF SPACE.
 IN CASE OF HIGH RISE BUILDINGS,STRUCTURAL
DESIGN IS EASY.
 WALLS CAN BE PLACED ANY WHERE.
 SLAB THICKNESS LESS THAN THAT OF FLAT-SLAB.
DISADVANTAGE
 LESS OPEN SPACE COMPARED TO THE OTHER
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS.
 BEAMS AFFECT THE APPEARANCE OF THE OPEN
SPACES GREATLY.
 MORE MATERIAL AND TIME NEEDED FOR
CONSTRUCTION.
 SPANS ARE USUALLY LESS, VAULTS WAFFLE SLAB
AND DOMES TEND TO REDUCE IT MORE.
STRUCTURE SYSTEM
COURT DE LA ACME

67. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
Architect :
Architectural: 367.4 m (1,205.4 ft)
Floor area: 135,000 m2 (1,450,000 sq ft)
Structural engineer: Leslie E. Robertson Assoc.
Top floor: 288.3 m (945.9 ft)
Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong)
I. M. Pei & Partners
Sherman Kung & Associates Architects
Ltd. Thomas Boada S.L.
General information
The bank of china is located at
garden road and was finished in
1990.
This building is used for banking and
has offices. This is made out of glass
and metal.
It was designed by I.M.pei. It is
modern design and Chinese.

68. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622

69. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622

70. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622

71. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
diagonal tower
64-storey Diagonal Tower to be located in the
developing commercial and mixed-use in the heart
of Seoul, South Korea, exudes a modern take on
structural expressionism.
Rising to 343 meters, the diagonal structure
serves more than visual stimuli. Somewhat
similar to Norman Foster’s Hearst Towerin New
York, the diagonal megaframe reduces the
amount of steel required by over 25% when
compared to conventionally framed buildings. In
addition the non-linear vertical surface mitigates
wind loading and vortices. Primary structural
support is achieved via 4 piers at the corners of
the building – which in turn opens up the interior
lobby and atrium.

72. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622
diagonal tower

73. CONTENTS……..
Arc 05404617
Arc 05505622